M3 Corn Agronomy Trial Information

1. Corn Agronomy

2. INTRODUCTION
• Corn can grown in all type of climates & soils,
but very sensitive for drought & water
logging.
• Corn has been divided in 3 categories on the
basis of the agro-climatic conditions.
1) Temperate corn
2) Tropical corn
3) Sub-Tropical corn

3. INTRODUCTION
• On the basis of consumption, corn can be divided
into the following categories.
• Normal corn (for food & feed)
• Pop corn,
• Sweet corn
• Baby corn
• High oil corn
• Fodder corn
• On the basis of color, its divided broadly into two
categories - yellow and white.
• Corn is one of the most important crops in the world
seed industry, more than 1,300,000 MT of seed is
produced globally every year

4. Plant Population & Seed Rate
• Ideal plant population in the corn field will vary from
hybrid to hybrid and place to place.
• In temperate zones, it is very common to have the
plant population up 100,000 plants per hectare.
• In the tropical zone, plant population is
comparatively low and ranges from 53,000 - 75,000
plants per hectare.
• Farmers should follow the plant spacing as per the
hybrid recommendation
• Farmers generally plant 65-70cm row to row & 20-25
cm plant to plant.
• Seed rate always depends on the seed size. & its
range 13 - 20 kg/ha.

5. Plant Population
• PP has a big significance in the yield/ ha.
• Plant Population =
• Area Harvested = (Rows harvested X row
to row spacing in meter) X (row length
harvested in meters)
No. of plant harvested
Area harvested (in meter square)
X 10000

6. Soil and land preparation
• Corn can be grown in all types of soil; however, sandy
loam soil is the best for corn.
• Upland is also good for corn because it prevents water
logging that can be very injurious for corn plants at all
stages.
• Corn requires normal soil pH of 6 - 7.5 pH.
• Good land preparations is necessary, normal 2 & 3
harrowing is required to perforate the soil.
• There are two most important points we should keep in
mind at the time of planting.
1) The soil should be well aerated
2) There should be enough moisture in the soil at the time of
planting

7. Soil pH and its effect on nutrition uptake

8. SPECIFIC SOIL TYPES
SOIL TYPE
Sandy
Clay
Clay loam
Loam
Sandy loam
WATER HOLDING
CAPACITY
Poor
Excellent
Very good
Good
Intermediates
Reminders
Water stress
Difficult for land
preparation
Water logging
Best for corn plant and
root developments
Low organic mater

9. LAND PREPARATION
Land preparation typically involves plowing, harrowing, and
leveling the field to make it suitable for crop establishment by –
• To pulverized the soil.
• Reducing the presence of weeds .
• To have proper decomposition of plant debris & weeds.
• To have a clean field.

10. Steps -
Wait for rain and start planting
7 DBP-Leveling , if clay soil the pulverized the soil by using the oratory
15DBP – applying FYM, liming and 2nd passing
21 DBP- 1st passing of disc harrow

11. Seed Germination
• Seed Germination is an important point we
should know about as a commercial filed man.
• Poor seed germination is one of the major
complaints from the farmers fields.
• In general, once we put the seed in the soil, its
take the water and the embryo starts sprouting.
• In the tropical regions after 4 days of planting
seedlings start to emerge in the field.
• Sometimes if temperatures are low it takes
longer to germinate.

12. Factors Effects The
Germination
• Moisture in the field at planting time
• Sowing depth
• Damaged seed
• Unviable seed
• Chemical injury
• Planters

13. Seed Germination
3th days
7th days
4th days
5th days
Soil Temperature &
Soil moisture can effect
Germination speed

14. Factors Effects The
Germination
• Moisture in the field at planting time
• Sowing depth
• Damaged seed
• Unviable seed
• Chemical injury
• Planters

15. Nutrient Management
• Corn Plant and other plants need 16 elements form the
filed to grow.
Nitrogen Chlorine Phosphorus
Iron Potassium Manganese
Calcium Copper Magnesium
Boron Sulfur Molybdenum
Zinc Hydrogen Carbon & Oxygen
• Nitrogen , Phosphorous and Potassium are the major
elements.
• Other are micro elements
• Cation Exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil effect the
uptake of these nutrient
• CEC is a value of the soil which indicate the capacity of the
soil to hold the cation nutrients
• CEC of the soil is determined by the amount of clay and
or/humus present in the soil.

16. Nitrogen (N)
• Nitrogen recommendation vary with yield target , soil texture, crop
rotation, manure used and level of residual N in the soil .
• 1.2 to 1.3 lbs (600 gm) of N required per bushel (25.3 kg).
• 20-25 % of N needs applied at Planting.
• Remaining N needs should be applied sidedress.
• No yield increases have been found from N applications after silking .
• Corn takes up 15 lbs N/ac by the time it is 15 inches tall.
• it will grow to 3 feet tall in the next two weeks and take up about 80 lbs
N/ac during those 2 weeks, followed by another 50 lbs/acre in the next two
weeks prior to tassel emergence. Therefore, at least 130 lbs N/ac will be
needed in the four weeks after corn reaches the 15 inch height

17. Corn Plant Nitrogen Uptake

18. Phosphorus (P2O5)
• Phosphorus’s primary role in the plant to
store and transfer the energy produce by
photosynthesis.
• Adequate P2O5 encourage vigorous root and
soot growth.
• P2O5 play a role in all the important function
of cell division and enlargement.
• P2O5 deficiency inhibits the translocation of
the carbohydrate with in the plant.
• Young plants are vulnerable because their
root system are small and P2O5 is immobile in
soil.
• Any cultural and environmental factor which
limits the root length will aggravate the
deficiency .

19. P2O5 Uptake by corn Plant
or 8.5 kg P2O5 /MT

20. Potassium (K2O)
Role of K2O in Plant Growth
Potassium is associated with movement of water,
nutrients, and carbohydrates in plant tissue. If
K2O is deficient or not supplied in adequate
amounts, growth is stunted and yields are
reduced. Various research efforts have shown
that potassium
– Stimulates early growth,
– Increases protein production,
– Improves the efficiency of water use,
– Improve the seed setting and test weight
– Improves resistance to diseases and insects.

21. Potassium Uptake
• Soil Moisture: Higher soil moisture usually means greater
availability of K. Increasing soil moisture increases movement of K to
plant roots and enhances availability.
• Soil Aeration and Oxygen Level: Air is necessary for root
respiration and K uptake. Root activity and subsequent K uptake
decrease as soil moisture content increases to saturation. Levels of
oxygen are very low in saturated soils.
• Soil Temperature: Root activity, plant functions, and physiological
processes all increase as soil temperature increases. This increase
in physiological activity leads to increased K uptake. Optimum soil
temperature for uptake is 60-80°F. Potassium uptake is reduced at
low soil temperatures.
• Tillage System: Availability of soil K is reduced in no-till and ridge-till
planting systems. Results of research point to restrictions in root
growth combined with a restricted distribution of roots in the soil.

22. Potassium Uptake
Potassium -Corn
%
of
total
Uptake
O
20
40
60
80
100
VE V6 V12 V18 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
70- 80 % of the K2O uptake by pant by silking time

23. Fertilizer & Fertilizer
Application
• The fertilizer dose depends on the soil fertility.
• In normal conditions 120kg N, 60kg P2O5 and 70kg K20/ hectare.
• If Farm Yard Manure (FYM) can be mixed in the soil -15 DAP
• Time of Fertilizer Application
• ODP – 100% P2O5 + 50% K2O + 33% N.
• 12-15 DAP- 33% nitrogen
• 25-32 DAP - 34 % N + 50% K2O
Or
• ODP- 10DAP: 100% P2O5 + 50% K2O + 33% N.
• 25-32 DAP: 67% N + 50% K2O
• Adequate soil moisture is required at the time of fertilizer application.
• Fertilizer need to be covered by soil to reduce the fertilizer losses of
the by evaporation.

24. Fertilizer Requirement
• Fertilizer required in bags for Area planted
=
• Fertilizer carry more then one nutrition
need to be calculated 1st.
Required doses
Active ingredient of the fertilizer available
(( )X 2)/10000) x Area Planted

25. Harvesting & Yield Calculation
• Corn can be harvested at black layer stage
• Yield in Kg/ha at 14% moisture
= (
• Shelling % =
Field Weight in KG
Area Harvested
)X (Shelling %
100
) X (100- MC% at Harvesting
86
)) X 10000
Weight of Shelled Grain
Weight of Sample
( ) X 100

26. BC42521
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