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M. Usman - Rise and Fall of Colonialism.pptx
- 1. IBRAHIM FIBRES LIMITED Ibrah I m G R O U P Presented by: Muhammad Usman Instrument Department
- 2. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 2 Importance of History in human society Introduction to colonialism Impacts of colonialism Fall of colonialism Colonial Legacy Need of a Balanced Approach Outline
- 3. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 3 History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation”) is the study of the past, particularly how it relates to humans. History is like the collective memory of all human beings living in a society. Importance of History
- 4. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 4 Our memory tells us: Who we are? Where do we come from? What do we do to earn a living? What are our goals? What are our achievements, failures and their reasons? Who are our friends and enemies? Importance of History
- 5. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 5 What if our memory is erased or corrupted? Can we understand what is going on around us and take any logical / correct decisions? Importance of History
- 6. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 6 What if a whole society is unaware of its history or whatever it knows is not true/partially true? Can it understand its problems in right context and take decisions for betterment? Problem with our Education System(next slide) Importance of History
- 8. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 8 Political dominance of one territory over another territory, economic exploitation and influencing social and cultural norms of the colonized. Normally referred to occupation of America, Asia and Africa by European Powers during 15th – 20th century. Colonization of Subcontinent (1757-1947) Introduction to Colonialism
- 10. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 10 Which country was known as the “Golden Sparrow”? World’s second largest economy in 16th century and largest economy in 17th century. Major industries include textile, steel, furniture, civil works, leather, jewelry, ship building, etc. Peace and religious harmony Historical Background
- 11. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 11 GDP Trend Over the Course of History
- 14. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 14 Mark Twain summarizes why India is called a "Golden Sparrow“ in the following words: “The one sole country under the sun that is endowed with an imperishable interest for alien prince and alien peasant, for lettered and ignorant, wise and fool, rich and poor, bond and free, the one land that all men desire to see, and having seen once, by even a glimpse, would not give that glimpse for the shows of all the rest of the world combined.” Historical Background (India Before Advent of Colonialism)
- 15. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 15 Internal conflicts for power Civil war and regional disintegration Ruling elite began to spend most of its time on extravagant and useless activities Inability to cope with the challenges of changing world Trading companies of France, Britain, Portugal and Holland working since 16th century They begin to interfere in politics for territorial control Causes of Downfall
- 16. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 16 Battle of Plessey – 1757 Siraj ud Daula Fall of Seringapatam – 1799 Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan War of Independence - 1857 All Indian factions fought against British Rule Muslim scholars, Rani of Jhansi Hundreds of thousands of Indians were killed during the next decade In 2007, India celebrated 150th celebration Downfall
- 22. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 22 Political and economic Social and cultural Impacts of Colonialism
- 23. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 23 De-industrialization GDP portion fell from 25% to 2% Heavy taxation on Indian exports Destruction of textile industry No regulation/duty on imports from Britain India became only a raw material producing and consumer country (Raw material->export->final product->import->consumption) Political and Economic Impacts
- 24. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 24 Agricultural Devastation Ancestral feudalism Previously agricultural land was state property Huge lands were given to betraying locals Political and Economic Impacts
- 25. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 25 Famines 31 major famines in 190 years of British rule compared to 17famines in the previous 2000 years 29-45million people died Taxation on farmers increased from 10% to 50% No tax relation in case of calamity High interest loans Forced cultivation of opium and other non-cereal crops Forced exports to foreign territories Hoarding and mismanagement Political and Economic Impacts
- 26. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 26 Period: 1769-1773 Total deaths: 10 million Policy failure (widespread forced cultivation of opium) Relief: None provided Impact on demographics: Population of Bengal declined by a third Consequences Tax collection was carried out violently to make up for Company loses. Bengal famine of 1770
- 27. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 27 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 28. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 28 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 29. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 29 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 30. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 30 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 31. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 31 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 32. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 32 Period: 1943-1944 Total deaths: 3-4 million Exports during WWII Hoarding Administrative and policy failure Role of Churchill Bengal famine of 1943
- 33. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 33 Peaceful protest Locked the exit gates Opened fire Thousands killed Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- 34. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 34 Peaceful protest Locked the exit gates Opened fire Thousands killed Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- 35. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 35 Policy of Divide and Rule Religion against Religion Sect against sect Favoring one force against the other Example of Hotel Rawanda (Tutsi vs Hutu) Political and Economic Impacts
- 36. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 36 Superiority of Western culture and philosophy “Every thing that is western is right and we must adopt it” Social and Cultural Impacts
- 37. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 37 “If a good system of agriculture, unrivaled manufacturing skill, a capacity to produce whatever can contribute to either convenience or luxury, schools established in every village for teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic, the general practice of hospitality and charity amongst each other, and above all, a treatment of the female gender full of confidence, respect, and delicacy, are among the signs which denote a civilized people – then the Indians are not inferior to the nations of Europe, and if civilization is to become an article of trade between England and India, I am convinced that England will gain by the import cargo.”
- 38. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 38 Change of language Authoritative mindset in public institutions Class based and differential education Social and Cultural Impacts
- 39. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 39 Macaulay held western culture in high esteem and saw his undertaking as a civilizing mission: "We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect.” Macaulayism
- 40. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 40 Within 90 years, British had to quit due to a continuous struggle of native people Intentional or unintentional mismanagement during process of partition Loss of millions of lives Fall of Colonialism
- 41. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 41 Political and economic influence Feudalism (5% holds 70% land) Less focus on industrialization Authoritative mindset in public institutions Class based and differential education Colonial Legacy
- 42. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 42 Political and economic influence Feudalism (5% holds 70% land) Less focus on industrialization Authoritative mindset in public institutions Class based and differential education Colonial Legacy
- 43. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 43 Present extremes in society Introvert (inferiority, hopeless) Extrovert (superiority, blame game) Balanced approach Critical analysis of the past Ownership of mistakes Learn positive things from others Abstain from negative things Hope and work for a better tomorrow Need of a Balanced Approach
- 44. Ibrahim Fibres Limited Company Confidential 44 India and China are Regaining Strength