Lustre is an open-source, object-based file system designed for large clusters providing petabytes of storage and high throughput. It features object protocols, intent-based locking, and adaptive locking policies for concurrency along with aggressive caching. NFSv4 was motivated by issues with prior versions like lack of guarantees on caches, failure semantics, and data coherency. It uses a stateful protocol with compound operations, lease-based locking, delegation to clients, and close-open consistency to provide distributed transparent access across heterogeneous networks. Security was improved using GSS-API and requiring implementations support Kerberos v5 and LIPKey authentication.