PhD education at Swedish universities requires at least 120 university credits linked to the research area, as well as professional experience and capacity. Students complete a licentiate degree after 2 years and a thesis of 40 credits, and a PhD degree after 4 years including an 80 credit thesis, courses, and 20% departmental work such as teaching. Salaries range from 16,500-22,300 SEK per month depending on the university and progress in the program. Major research profiles include artificial intelligence, databases, software systems, computer networks, and robotics.