This document contains a list of language codes and language names in various languages. It includes over 100 entries with codes that begin with letters of the alphabet in alphabetical order. The codes are used to identify languages in the Opera browser and the names are translated to many different languages.
The company plans to expand into the outdoors and extreme sports markets by revamping their social media presence and creating a mobile application. They will update Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and Linkedin with relevant content about extreme sports and outdoor activities. A budget of $675,000 is allocated for these social media updates, a mobile app, special events, and other expenses. The company expects their social media numbers to grow significantly within a year as a result of their new advertising strategy.
This document discusses primary care for trauma patients, with a focus on airway management. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the primary survey, with sections dedicated to each step. For airway management ("A"), it describes techniques for assessing and securing the airway without surgery, including positioning, suction, tongue control, and endotracheal intubation. Surgical techniques like tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy are discussed as options if non-surgical methods fail. The secondary survey involves more extensive testing and examination to fully evaluate the patient's condition once stabilized.
This document summarizes a study on the genetic variation of Aquilegia taxa found within Sardinia. Researchers collected samples from 72 individuals across 15 locations and used AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis to characterize 371 genetic loci. A neighbor-joining tree grouped samples into two main clusters corresponding to the two Sardinian species A. nuragica and A. barbaricina. Spatial genetic structure analysis also supported delimitation of the two taxa and showed genetic differentiation between populations.
This document describes a series of 10 digital drawings titled "Transformation" that are each 18"x13" in size and were created in 2011. Each drawing explores transformations through digital means.
This document provides an overview of fascial space infections, including their classification, stages, microbiology, and management. It discusses various fascial spaces of the head and neck region that can become infected, including the maxillary spaces (canine, palatal, infratemporal), mandibular spaces (submental, submandibular, sublingual), and secondary spaces (lateral pharyngeal, retropharyngeal). It also outlines the progression of odontogenic infections and signs of cellulitis versus abscess formation. The principles of treatment involve determining infection severity, surgical drainage, medical support, and antibiotic selection.
In the 1800s, hospitals were often dangerous places for patients due to poor sanitation practices of doctors. Doctors did not wash their hands or wear protective clothing, and surgery was performed without anesthesia. This led to many postoperative infections that often caused patient deaths. Joseph Lister later discovered that spraying carbolic acid in operating theaters could kill germs and greatly reduce infection rates after surgery, saving many lives. He is now considered the father of antiseptic surgery.
This document discusses chronic infections of the jaws, including:
- Types of infections like periostitis, osteitis, and osteomyelitis and their characteristics.
- Causative factors like bacteria, trauma, and dental infections.
- Classification systems based on features like pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and anatomy.
- Presentation and management of specific types like acute suppurative osteomyelitis, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, and Garre's osteomyelitis.
- Role of predisposing conditions like diabetes and factors like poor vascularity that increase risk.
This document provides a history of local anesthetics from ancient times to modern drugs like lidocaine and bupivacaine. It discusses the definition and classification of local anesthetics, how they work, and their mechanisms of action. Examples of commonly used local anesthetics are presented, including details about their onset, duration, dosing, and metabolism. The document also covers local anesthetic administration techniques and necessary armamentarium. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of the development and use of local anesthetics in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
The company plans to expand into the outdoors and extreme sports markets by revamping their social media presence and creating a mobile application. They will update Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and Linkedin with relevant content about extreme sports and outdoor activities. A budget of $675,000 is allocated for these social media updates, a mobile app, special events, and other expenses. The company expects their social media numbers to grow significantly within a year as a result of their new advertising strategy.
This document discusses primary care for trauma patients, with a focus on airway management. It outlines the ABCDE approach to the primary survey, with sections dedicated to each step. For airway management ("A"), it describes techniques for assessing and securing the airway without surgery, including positioning, suction, tongue control, and endotracheal intubation. Surgical techniques like tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy are discussed as options if non-surgical methods fail. The secondary survey involves more extensive testing and examination to fully evaluate the patient's condition once stabilized.
This document summarizes a study on the genetic variation of Aquilegia taxa found within Sardinia. Researchers collected samples from 72 individuals across 15 locations and used AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis to characterize 371 genetic loci. A neighbor-joining tree grouped samples into two main clusters corresponding to the two Sardinian species A. nuragica and A. barbaricina. Spatial genetic structure analysis also supported delimitation of the two taxa and showed genetic differentiation between populations.
This document describes a series of 10 digital drawings titled "Transformation" that are each 18"x13" in size and were created in 2011. Each drawing explores transformations through digital means.
This document provides an overview of fascial space infections, including their classification, stages, microbiology, and management. It discusses various fascial spaces of the head and neck region that can become infected, including the maxillary spaces (canine, palatal, infratemporal), mandibular spaces (submental, submandibular, sublingual), and secondary spaces (lateral pharyngeal, retropharyngeal). It also outlines the progression of odontogenic infections and signs of cellulitis versus abscess formation. The principles of treatment involve determining infection severity, surgical drainage, medical support, and antibiotic selection.
In the 1800s, hospitals were often dangerous places for patients due to poor sanitation practices of doctors. Doctors did not wash their hands or wear protective clothing, and surgery was performed without anesthesia. This led to many postoperative infections that often caused patient deaths. Joseph Lister later discovered that spraying carbolic acid in operating theaters could kill germs and greatly reduce infection rates after surgery, saving many lives. He is now considered the father of antiseptic surgery.
This document discusses chronic infections of the jaws, including:
- Types of infections like periostitis, osteitis, and osteomyelitis and their characteristics.
- Causative factors like bacteria, trauma, and dental infections.
- Classification systems based on features like pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and anatomy.
- Presentation and management of specific types like acute suppurative osteomyelitis, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, and Garre's osteomyelitis.
- Role of predisposing conditions like diabetes and factors like poor vascularity that increase risk.
This document provides a history of local anesthetics from ancient times to modern drugs like lidocaine and bupivacaine. It discusses the definition and classification of local anesthetics, how they work, and their mechanisms of action. Examples of commonly used local anesthetics are presented, including details about their onset, duration, dosing, and metabolism. The document also covers local anesthetic administration techniques and necessary armamentarium. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of the development and use of local anesthetics in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Assess breathing by looking, listening and feeling.
Look for chest rise and fall, respiratory effort and symmetry.
Listen over the chest, back and upper abdomen.
Feel for breath sounds with your hand or stethoscope.
Manage life-threatening causes of inadequate breathing such as tension pneumothorax or flail chest.
C: Circulation
The document discusses occupational health and safety (OH&S) and workplace safety. It defines OH&S and explains that laws and legislation aim to optimize safety for all workers. New national harmonized work health and safety laws began in 2012. The document provides guidance on safety procedures, training, and responsibilities for employers and workers to maintain a safe work environment.
This document provides information on the history and uses of alcohol. It discusses how alcohol has been used in ancient Egypt, China, and the Middle East for religious ceremonies and celebrations. It notes that the word "alcohol" comes from the Arabic language. It explains that while people often think of alcohol as ethanol, there are actually thousands of compounds that belong to the alcohol family, including propanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, and menthol. The document discusses how several hormones, including cortisol, oxytocin, cholesterol, estradiol, and testosterone, are examples of alcohol compounds that play important physiological roles in the body. It defines primary, secondary, and tertiary al
This document discusses head injuries and their management. It covers various types of head injuries like scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and different types of intracranial bleeding. Assessment involves the Glasgow Coma Scale and other scales. Management depends on the type of injury and may include wound closure, observation, surgery to repair fractures or evacuate hematomas. The goal is to prevent secondary brain damage from low blood pressure, hypoxia, swelling, and infections.
Mandibular fractures are common injuries that result from facial trauma. The document discusses the history, anatomy, classification, examination, and treatment of mandibular fractures. Key points include that mandibular fractures were first described in ancient Egyptian medical texts, occur most often in males ages 20-30 from vehicular accidents or assaults, and can be classified based on location, number of fragments, involvement of teeth, and direction of the fracture. Radiographic examination including panoramic x-rays are important for diagnosis.
The document discusses the metabolic response that occurs following injury or trauma to the body. It describes how there is an initial ebb phase characterized by shock, followed by a longer flow phase with increased metabolism and hormone levels. The metabolic response aims to restore homeostasis but can also cause organ damage. Factors like infection, nutrition, and inflammation can modify this response. Managing the response through fluid resuscitation, oxygen delivery, and minimizing stressors can improve outcomes.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with the history and introduction of antibiotics, followed by classifications based on type of organism, mechanism of action, chemical structure, and spectrum of activity. Principles of antibiotic therapy are discussed, including determining infection severity, evaluating host defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. Common oral infections and their typical microorganisms are listed. Guidelines for antibiotic selection include empirically treating typical odontogenic infections, obtaining cultures in specific situations, and using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible.
Assess breathing by looking, listening and feeling.
Look for chest rise and fall, respiratory effort and symmetry.
Listen over the chest, back and upper abdomen.
Feel for breath sounds with your hand or stethoscope.
Manage life-threatening causes of inadequate breathing such as tension pneumothorax or flail chest.
C: Circulation
The document discusses occupational health and safety (OH&S) and workplace safety. It defines OH&S and explains that laws and legislation aim to optimize safety for all workers. New national harmonized work health and safety laws began in 2012. The document provides guidance on safety procedures, training, and responsibilities for employers and workers to maintain a safe work environment.
This document provides information on the history and uses of alcohol. It discusses how alcohol has been used in ancient Egypt, China, and the Middle East for religious ceremonies and celebrations. It notes that the word "alcohol" comes from the Arabic language. It explains that while people often think of alcohol as ethanol, there are actually thousands of compounds that belong to the alcohol family, including propanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin, and menthol. The document discusses how several hormones, including cortisol, oxytocin, cholesterol, estradiol, and testosterone, are examples of alcohol compounds that play important physiological roles in the body. It defines primary, secondary, and tertiary al
This document discusses head injuries and their management. It covers various types of head injuries like scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and different types of intracranial bleeding. Assessment involves the Glasgow Coma Scale and other scales. Management depends on the type of injury and may include wound closure, observation, surgery to repair fractures or evacuate hematomas. The goal is to prevent secondary brain damage from low blood pressure, hypoxia, swelling, and infections.
Mandibular fractures are common injuries that result from facial trauma. The document discusses the history, anatomy, classification, examination, and treatment of mandibular fractures. Key points include that mandibular fractures were first described in ancient Egyptian medical texts, occur most often in males ages 20-30 from vehicular accidents or assaults, and can be classified based on location, number of fragments, involvement of teeth, and direction of the fracture. Radiographic examination including panoramic x-rays are important for diagnosis.
The document discusses the metabolic response that occurs following injury or trauma to the body. It describes how there is an initial ebb phase characterized by shock, followed by a longer flow phase with increased metabolism and hormone levels. The metabolic response aims to restore homeostasis but can also cause organ damage. Factors like infection, nutrition, and inflammation can modify this response. Managing the response through fluid resuscitation, oxygen delivery, and minimizing stressors can improve outcomes.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with the history and introduction of antibiotics, followed by classifications based on type of organism, mechanism of action, chemical structure, and spectrum of activity. Principles of antibiotic therapy are discussed, including determining infection severity, evaluating host defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. Common oral infections and their typical microorganisms are listed. Guidelines for antibiotic selection include empirically treating typical odontogenic infections, obtaining cultures in specific situations, and using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible.