5. usage
โข This expression is used when
something is done for future
convenience
โข Translations can be โdo something in
advanceโ, โgo ahead and do somethingโ,
โlet someone/something remain as he/it
isโ, โprepared to do somethingโ,
9. ใฆใใใพใ
1)Completion of a necessary action by a given
time.
ๆ ่กใฎๅใซๅ็ฌฆใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ
I will buy a ticket (in advance) before the trip.
ๆฌกใฎไผ่ญฐใพใงใซไฝใใใฆใใใใใใใงใใใ
What should I do before the next meetings?
ใใฎ่ณๆใ่ชญใใงใใใฆใใ ใใใ
Please read these materials (in advance).
10. ใฆใใใพใ
2) Completion of a necessary action in readiness for
the next use or the next step
ใฏใใฟใไฝฟใฃใใใใใจใฎใจใใใซใใฉใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
When you finish using the scissors, put them back
where they are (for someone to use next)
11. ใฆใใใพใ
3) Keeping the resultant state as it is
ใใใใใใใใใใพใใใใใใใฏใใฎใพใพใซใใฆใใใฆ
ใใ ใใใ
Please leave the chairs as they are because a meeting
will be held here tomorrow.
ใพใ ไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใฎใพใพใซใใฆใใใฆใใ ใใใ
Please leave them there because I am still using them.
You can also use this with plain negative form.
ใพใ ไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใพใใชใใงใใใฆใใ ใใใ
19. ใฆใใใพใ(already done)
โข ใฆ form + ใใใพใ (something has already done)
โข Similar to the expression ใฆform + ใใใพใ (prepared to do something),
but this is focused more on an action but ใฆform + ใใใพใ is focused
on the state or some preparation has already been done.
โข ๆบใฎไธใซใกใขใใใใฆใใใพใใ
โข There is a memo put on the desk (already)
โข ใซใฌใณใใผใซไปๆใฎไบๅฎใๆธใใฆใใใพใใ
โข This monthโs schedule is written on the calendar (already).
โข Describe the state of what is already done
โข ใกใขใฏใคใใใฎไธใซใใใฆใใใพใใ
โข ไปๆใฎไบๅฎใฏใซใฌใณใใผใซๆธใใฆใใใพใใ
โข ่ช็ๆฅใฎใใฌใผใณใใฏใใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใพใใ
โข I have already bought the present for her birthday.
โข ใใใซใฏใใไบ็ดใใฆใใใพใใ
โข I have already booked a hotel.
โข Express the state of the result of what someone did for some purpose.
โข These actions are done by the speaker or by someone.
20. ใฆใใใพใ(already done)
โข ็ชใ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใ
โข The window is closed.
โข ็ชใ้ใใฆใใใพใใ
โข The window has been closed (for some purpose)
โข ใฆใใพใ is used to show the result of state is continuing e.g. ใใใใฆใ
ใพใ
โข ใฆใใใพใ is used more to describe the resultant state of an action
which has been done in advance
โข ใฆใใใพใis used more for the actions done beforehand as preparation
or for some special purpose or leave something as it is.
โข Most of verbs used in ใฆใใใพใ are TRANSITIVE
โข Most of verbs used in ใฆใใพใ are INTRANSITIVE
21. ใฆใใใพใ p37 ex 1
ไพ๏ผๆฃใซไบบๅฝขใ้ฃพใฃใฆใใใพใใ
1๏ผโใในใซใใใฟใใใใฆใใใพใใ
2๏ผโๆบใฎไธใซใใณใใใใใฆใใใพใใ
3๏ผโๆฌใซๅๅใๆธใใฆใใใพใใ
4๏ผโใฟใใใฟใฎใพใใใซๆจใใใใฆใใใพใใ