1. course subject: [LEARNING SPACE] / [Course Subject] open learning resource (OLEP*): [ 中国古代文化中的可持续思想 ] [ Sustainable thought of ancient Chinese culture ] contributors: [ 柳冠中 教授 ] [Prof. Liu Guanzhong] [ 清华大学 ] / [ 美术学院 ] / [ 中国 ] [Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China]

2. 目录 : 概述 1 、悠久持续观 2 、平衡守定观 3 、循环往复观 4 、万物互维观 5 、持而不有观 6 、开源节流观 总结 [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] Overview 1, idea of long continuance 2, idea of balance and proportion 3, idea of cycle and period 4, idea of all things relation 5, idea of use but not hold 6, idea of open source and save spending Summary Contents:

3. 概述 overview: [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 随着生态学的发展，中国古代的生态可持续思想正日益得到西方学者的认同。不少学者认为，征服和控制自然的西方人类中心论，是现代人类生态危机的思想根源。 With the development of ecology, the ancient Chinese thought of ecological sustainability is increasingly being recognized by Western scholars. Many scholars believe that the conquest and control of natural Western Anthropocentrism theory, is thought of the root causes of ecological crisis in modern society. 中国古代的思想强调人与自然的和睦相处，主张天人合一，只有这样才能真正有助于人类的物质福利和长久生存。 Ancient Chinese thought to emphasize the people and nature live in harmony, that harmony between man and nature, the only way to truly contribute to humanity's material well-being and long-term survival.

4. 概述 overview: [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 中国古代的师法自然的生态观，为人类在当代生态危机提供了宝贵的启示。 Ancient China advocating natural ecological concept, for mankind in the contemporary ecological crisis has provided valuable insight. “ 天人合一”的思想概念最早是由庄子阐述 , 后其他思想家发展为一套的哲学思想体系 , 并由此构建了中华传统文化的主体。 "Unity of Heaven and Man" and thought the concept was first described by Chuang-Tzu, the latter for other thinkers to develop a philosophy, and thus constructed the main body of traditional Chinese culture.

5. 1 、悠久持续观 : idea of long continuance [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 中国古代先民追求事物的恒久稳定，认为自然世界本就是持久延续的不变，老子的天道观中也有“天长地久”永恒的思想。 Ancient Chinese ancestors pursuit long-lasting stability of things, consider the natural world is a lasting continuation of the same, the Way of Heaven Lao Tzu concept also has “ever” thought eternal. 提倡根据“天时”来把握生物资源生长、繁殖的规律，以便使生物资源尽可能的再生、持续利用。 Advocated under the "days" to grasp the biological resources, growth, reproduction of the law, so that as much as possible of renewable biological resources, sustainable use.

6. 1 、悠久持续观 : idea of long continuance [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 世间万物都是由时间的积累所产生的，生物的生息、繁衍、进化也是在时间的长河中演变发展的。所以，古人对物种的持续性繁衍和长久发展有着积极的保护思想。 The world all things are generated by the accumulation of time, and reproduction, evolution of organisms are also in the time evolution of the long river. Therefore, the ancients of species reproduction and the sustainability of long-term development of the protection have positive thought.

7. 2 、平衡守定观 : idea of balance and proportion [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 平衡守定观中包含了两种思想 : 其一是“有余补不足”的思想。中国古民讲求事物平衡稳定，不偏不倚。通过以“有余”来补“不足”，避免贫富的悬殊和两极分化。 The idea of balance and proportion contain two thought: One is "more than make up for the shortfall" of thought. Ancient Chinese people do things in balance and stability and impartial. Through "surplus" to fill "insufficient”, they avoid the disparity and polarization between rich and poor. 现代社会，物质消费的欲望日益膨胀，贫富悬殊的差距也愈加明显，给社会和生态都的发展带来不平衡。 In modern society, the desire for material consumption growing, the gap between the rich and the poor has become even more obvious to the social and ecological imbalance.

8. 2 、平衡守定观 : idea of balance and proportion [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 其二是“物极必反”的思想。事物的对立面之间是会相互转化的，过度带来破坏，所以要维持大自然的平衡。 The second is "extremes meet" the thought. Things are the antithesis of each other between the transformations, excessive brought destruction, it is necessary to maintain the balance of nature. 人类利用自然资源时、要适可而止，对大自然和生态环境的破坏，会带来反面作用的强大破坏力。 Human use of natural resources, it is necessary to stop before going too far, of nature and ecological damage to the environment, will bring a strong negative destructive role.

9. 3 、循环往复观 : idea of cycle and period [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 古代人们通过对自然界春、夏、秋、冬四季循环交替的观察和对动植物生长、生息规律的把握，认为世间万物都有其循环的规律性，这是自然系统的和谐之本和秩序之源。 Ancient people of the natural world through the spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons alternating cycle of observation and of animal and plant growth, interest-earning grasp the law, consider all things in the world has its own cycle regularity, which is the harmony of natural systems and in order source.

10. 3 、循环往复观 : idea of cycle and period [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 天地万物之间的协调发展正是由阴阳循环的运动产生和维系的。人类也必须在这种周期性的动态平衡的节奏中才能维系其生存。 Universe is between the coordinated development of exercise by the yin-yang cycle of generating and maintaining. Human beings must also be in such a cyclical rhythm of the dynamic balance can be maintained in their survival. 循环往复观中的另一法则是循环在交替中进行，事物的发展是螺旋型交替上升的。人类取法有天地自然之道，维护自然界的这种和谐秩序。 Cycle view of another rule of thumb is at the turn of the cycle, and things spiral development is the increase in the turn. Human beings should follow the natural way, maintaining this harmonious order of nature.

11. 4 、万物互维观 : idea of all things relation [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 古人认定万物是一个相互影响、制约的整体。天与地相互依存，人是天地的产物。万物互维观中包含了“天人合一”与“天人相应”两方面的思想。 The ancients concern that all things are a mutual influence, the overall constraints. Heaven and Earth are interdependent and people are a part of heaven and earth. Inter-dimensional view of all things contained in the "harmony between man and nature" and "Heaven corresponding" two aspects of thought. 天人合一的思想中是天人一体，构成完整的系统，趋向在一体 ; 同时，天人共生共荣，只要自然生态和谐，人类就和谐。 The thought of harmony between man and nature are divine together, constitute a complete system, the trend in one; At the same time, Heaven symbiotic, as long as the natural ecological harmony, the harmony of mankind.

12. 4 、万物互维观 : idea of all things relation [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 在道家的思想学说认为人应该遵循道的自然法则。“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。“这种观念倡导人们尊重自然、爱护环境，保持生态平衡，才能有利于社会的可持续发展。 In Taoist thought think people should be guided by the doctrine of natural law Road. "Human follow heaven, heaven follow principle, principle follow nature”, Such a concept advocated respect for nature, care for the environment and maintain ecological balance, and can be conducive to the sustainable development of society.

13. 5 、持而不有观 idea of use but not hold [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 在老子的思想中，对“有”和“无”的关系有着其独特的见解。“无形的”东西能产生出很大的作用，但人们往往只注意“有形的”作用。 Lazio's thinking of "have" and "none" relationship has its own unique views. "Intangible" things can generate a great deal of effect, but people tend to pay attention to "visible" role. 他提倡人们应该注重“无”的使用价值，而不要过分追求“有”的物质实体。应该“少私寡欲”，对无穷的欲望予以节制。 He advocated that people should pay attention to “none" value, rather than over-the pursuit of "have" material entities. Should "private few desires," the desire to be of infinite restraint.

14. 5 、持而不有观 idea of use but not hold [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 在生活方式上，道教追求节俭生活方式，极力反对奢侈浪费，并把节俭当作立身处世的法宝。这种思想与可持续发展所倡导的可持续的消费模式是完全一致的。 In the way of life, the Taoist pursuit thrifty way of life, strongly oppose extravagance and waste, and to conduct themselves in society as a thrifty magic weapon. This line of thinking and sustainable development advocated by the unsustainable consumption patterns are completely consistent.

15. 6 、开源节流观 idea of open source and save spending [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] “ 开源节流”的观念主张在开发自然资源的时候要合理适度，在使用自然资源的时候要节俭知足。 " open source and save spending " concept advocated in the development of natural resources must be reasonable when appropriate, use of natural resources when Contentment advocating frugality. 在顺应自然循环法则和维护和谐秩序的前提下利用自然资源，有一个自然界承受的客观极限，人应该适度开发。生态失衡会危害人类自身。 Conform to the natural cycle in the law and maintain order under the premise of a harmonious use of natural resources, has an objective nature, subject to the limit, people should be an appropriate development. Ecological imbalances are harm for mankind itself.

16. 6 、开源节流观 idea of open source and save spending [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 古老雄伟、举世闻名的都江堰灌溉工程，是古代设计文明的重大成就。都江堰引水灌田，不但治理了洪涝灾害，而且促进了经济发展，润泽天府、为民造福。 Ancient majestic, world-famous Dujiangyan irrigation works, the design of ancient civilizations are the major achievements. Dujiangyan governance not only of floods, but also promoted economic development, enrich Tianfu, to benefit the people. 都江堰渠首以上地区处于崇山峻岭之中，降雨丰富，水源充足；在渠首以下地区为大片平原，便于灌溉，易于种植。这些让它成功的协调了上游水源和下游沟渠。 Dujiangyan Headwork region in high mountains, and abundant rainfall, water sufficient; in the following areas Headwork large plain, easy to irrigation and plant. These make it the success of the coordination of the upstream and downstream water drains.

17. 总结 Summary [ Prof. Liu Guanzhong ] [ Tsinghua University] / [Academy of Art&Design] / [China] 中国古代可持续思想，是一种系统的、以生态环境为中心，以人类与自然和谐发展为宗旨的思想观念。它在人与自然关系上的基本价值取向，对于人类战胜日益加剧的全球性生态危机，也具有非常重要的启示意义。 Sustainable thought in ancient China, is a system of ecological viewpoint. It take the environment as the center, to the harmonious development of mankind and nature for the purpose. It advocates harmony between man and nature, for humanity to overcome the growing global ecological crisis has very important significance.