The document discusses various literary elements used by writers to craft stories. It defines 6 key elements - character, setting, plot, point-of-view, conflict, and theme. Each element is then explained in more detail with examples to illustrate how writers employ these techniques to unfold their narratives and engage readers.

2. LITERARY
ELEMENTS

3. LITERARY
ELEMENTS
are specific means by
which writers or
storytellers manipulate
words in specific patterns
to unfold their stories and
experiences.

4. REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD
UTILIZE LITERARY ELEMENTS
IN ANY PIECE OF WORK:
1. Literary elements add special effects to
your writing.
2. They establish connection with the
reader.
3. They engage and captivate readers.
4. They help you in conveying abstract
information.
5. They paint vivid pictures of your words.
6. They enhance the reader’s vicarious
experience.
4

5. 1. Literary elements add special effects to your
writing.
2. They establish connection with the reader.
3. They engage and captivate readers.
4. They help you in conveying abstract
information.
5. They paint vivid pictures of your words.
6. They enhance the reader’s vicarious
experience.
5

6. 6 literary elements:
character, setting, plot,
point-of-view, conflict,
and theme.

7. Presentation title 7
CHARACTER
A character is a figure in a literary work.
Characters can be major or minor.
Characters are classified into:
a.Flat
b.Round

8. Presentation title 8
FLAT VS ROUND
FLAT
• One-dimensional
• Stereotypical and
straightforward.
They’re easy to
figure out.
ROUND
• Multi-dimensional
• Surprising. They
reveal themselves
over the course of
the story.

9. Presentation title 9
CHARACTER
Characters can also be:
a. Protagonist, the main character with whom the reader is
meant to identify, also the person is not necessarily good by
any conventional moral standard, but he/she is the person
in whose plight the reader is most invested. (e,g., Rizal’s
Crisostomo Ibarra)
b. Antagonist, the character who opposes the main
character, also the counterpart to the main character and
source of a story’s main conflict; may not be “bad” or “evil”
by any conventional moral standard, but he/she opposes
the protagonist in a significant way. (Rizal’s Padre Damaso)

10. CHARACTER
Presentation title 10
We learn about a character in five different ways:
1.What the character says.
2.What the character thinks.
3.What the character does.
4.What other characters or the narrator say about
the character.
5.What the author says about the character

11. 11
Setting
Setting refers to the time and
place where a story occurs. It
can be used to create the mood
or atmosphere within a story. It
can also express the writer’s
view of the world.

12. 12
Setting
The setting can be:
a.Specific
Examples:
• Thunderbird Resort, Poro Point,
City of San Fernando 2500 La
Union
• Northern Naguilian National High
School, Gusing Norte, Naguilian
2511 La Union

13. 13
Setting
The setting can be:
b. Ambiguous
Examples:
• A large urban city during economic
hard times
• Somewhere in the 2nd floor of the
grocery store

14. Presentation title 14
PLOT
Plot is the sequence of
events in the story.

15. Presentation title 15
PLOT
a.Exposition, the beginning of the
story, characters, setting, and the
main conflict are typically introduced.

16. Presentation title 16
PLOT
b. Rising Action, also called Complication,
where the main character is in crisis and
events leading up to facing the conflict begin to
unfold. The story becomes complicated.

17. Presentation title 17
PLOT
c. Climax, the peak of the story, where a major
event occurs in which the main character faces
a major enemy, fear, challenge, or other source
of conflict. The most action, drama, change,
and excitement occur here.

18. Presentation title 18
PLOT
d. Falling Action, where the story
begins to slow down and work towards
its end, tying up loose ends.

19. Presentation title 19
PLOT
e. Resolution, like a concluding
paragraph that resolves any
remaining issues and ends the story.

20. POINT-OF-VIEW
20
refers to the identity of the narrative
voice. It is the person or entity through
whom the reader experiences the story.

21. POINT-OF-VIEW
21
a. First Person – the narrator
participates in and tells the story
using the pronoun ‘I’.

22. POINT-OF-VIEW
22
b. Limited Third Person – the
narrator is not in the story and
narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or
‘he’. Also, the narrator is unable to see
into the minds of the characters.

23. POINT-OF-VIEW
23
c. Omniscient Third Person – the
narrator is not in the story and tells the
story using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. In
this point of view, the narrator can tell
the thoughts of the characters as he can
see into their minds.

24. CONFLICT
24
a struggle between
opposing forces which
is the driving force of a
story.
Conflicts can exist as:

25. CONFLICT
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a.Man versus man, the typical scenario
between the protagonist and
antagonist.
Examples:
Luffy vs. Arlong
Apollo vs. Eros
Cassy vs. Marga

26. CONFLICT
26
b. Man versus nature, where the
character is tormented by natural forces
such as storms or animals
Examples:
2012
Jaws
Andrea’s

27. CONFLICT
27
Man versus self, where the conflict
develops from the protagonist’s inner
struggles, and may depend on a
character trying to decide between good
and evil or overcome self-doubts.
Example:
The Ward

28. CONFLICT
28
d. Man versus society, where a
character must take on society itself,
stands at odds and realizes the necessity
to work against these norms
Examples:
The Hunger Games
Divergent

29. CONFLICT
29
e. Man versus fate, where a protagonist
is working against what has been
foretold for that person.
Examples:
Final Destination
Maleficent

30. Presentation title 30
Theme
the main idea or underlying meaning
conveyed by the piece.
Examples:
• Love and friendship – Romeo and Juliet
• Religion and war – Hacksaw Ridge
• Adventure and Dreams – One Piece

31. IMAGERY
appeals to the reader’s
physical senses
motivating strong and
distinct mental images of
what the writer is trying to
show.

32. VISUAL IMAGERY
Example:
Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet
O, she doth teach the torches to burn
bright!
It seems she hangs upon the cheek of
night
Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear

33. B.OLFACTORY
IMAGERY
Example: (Patrick Suskind’s Perfume:
The Story of a Murderer
The streets stank of manure, the
courtyards of urine, the stairwells stank
of moldering wood and rat droppings, the
kitchens of spoiled cabbage and mutton
fat; the unaired parlors stank of stale
dust, the bedrooms of greasy sheets,
damp featherbeds, and the pungently
sweet aroma of chamber pots.

34. GUSTATORY
IMAGERY
I have eaten the plums that
were in the ice box and
which you were probably
saving for breakfast.
Forgive me they were
delicious, so sweet , and
so cold.

35. TACTILE
IMAGERY
When the others went swimming my son
said he was going in, too. He pulled his
dripping trunks from the line where they
had hung all through the shower and
wrung them out. Languidly, and with no
thought of going in, I watched him, his
hard little body, skinny and bare, saw
him wince slightly as he pulled up
around his vitals the small, soggy, icy
garment. As he buckled the swollen belt,
suddenly my groin felt the chill of death.

36. AUDITORY
IMAGERY
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from
hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble
soft
The redbreast whistles from a garden-
croft, And gathering swallows twitter in
the skies.

37. STANZA
A stanza is a smaller unit
or group of lines in poetry.
Stanza may be:

38. STANZA
a. Couplet, two lines
Example:
“Nature puts on little shows
Every time it rains or it snows.”

39. STANZA
b. Tercet, three lines
Example:
“Hugs are sweet,
For hearts they are a treat.
They make us feel complete.”

40. STANZA
c. Quatrain, four lines
Example:
I buried a baby bird today.
I didn’t see it die.
I found it dead beneath my tree,
And had a little cry.

41. STANZA
d. Quintain, five lines
Example:
“Listen…
With faint dry sound,
Like steps of passing ghosts,
The leaves, frost-crisp’d, break from the trees
And fall.”

42. STANZA
e. Sestet, six lines
Example:
“In this cold night I’m missing you,
Reminiscence of you encountering
Freezing breeze is blowing
Love in the air scattered everywhere
Moon covered in the air with puffy clouds
My thoughts are surrounded by the whiff of love.”

43. STANZA
f. Septet, seven lines
Example:
“Precious child
You have changed the world
You’ve given us forgiveness
And gave chances for true salvation
Child of the world, crying not,
May we learn from you
And your love”

44. SYMBOLISM
Symbolism happens when
something is used to
represent something else,
such an idea or concept.
Writers use symbols as
objects to represent a non-
literal meaning.

45. SYMBOLISM
Example:
Ah Sunflower, weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun;
Seeking after that sweet golden
clime
Where the traveler’s journey is
done.

46. TONE
Tone is defined as a
speaker’s or narrator’s
attitude about a subject
and is different from the
mood a reader gets while
reading the story.

47. TONE
• I’m so glad that he
called! I’ve been hoping
to hear from him.
• Why is that weirdo
calling me again after all
this time?

48. TONE
• “I’m so glad that jerk was
fired; now I won’t have to
deal with him anymore.
• “It’s terrible that Tony was
let go; he was such a great
colleague!”

49. DIALOGUE
Dialogue is the
stance where
characters speak to
one another.

50. DIALOGUE
Rose: I love you, Jack.
Jack: Don’t you do that, don’t say your good-byes. Not yet, do you understand
me?
Rose: I’m so cold.
Jack: Listen, Rose. You’re gonna get out of here, you’re gonna go on and
you’re gonna make lots of babies, and you’re gonna watch them grow. You’re
gonna die an old… an old lady warm in her bed, not here, not this night. Not
like this, do you understand me?
Rose: I can’t feel my body.

51. DIALOGUE
Jack: Winning that ticket, Rose, was the best thing that ever happened to
me… it brought me to you. And I’m thankful for that, Rose. I’m thankful.
You must do me this honor. Promise me you’ll survive. That you won’t
give up, no matter what happens, no matter how hopeless. Promise me
now, Rose, and never let go of that promise.
Rose: I promise.
Jack: Never let go.
Rose: I’ll never let go, Jack. I’ll never let go.