List of chinese monarchs

List of Chinesemonarchs
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This list of Chinese monarchs includes rulers of China with various titles prior to the
establishment of the Republic in 1912. From the Zhou dynasty until the Qin dynasty,
rulers usually held the title "king" (Chinese: 王; pinyin: wáng). With the separation of
China into different Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier
of China, the first Qin Emperor Qin Shihuang created a new title for himself, that of
"emperor" (pinyin: huángdì). The title of Emperor of China continued to be used for the
remainder of China's imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.
While many other monarchs existed in and around China throughout its history, this list
covers only those with a quasi-legitimate claim to the majority of China, or those who
have traditionally been named in king-lists. The following list of Chinese monarchs is in
no way comprehensive.
Chinese sovereigns were known by many different names, and how they should be
identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two
or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties.
The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names – for
example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely
used in historical writing – but, where possible, the most commonly used name
or naming convention has been indicated. Scholars also often use common terms to
refer to some monarchs with special circumstances — "Modi" (末帝; "last emperor"),
"Mozhu" (末主; "last lord"), "Houzhu" (後主; "last lord"), "Shaodi" (少帝; "young
emperor"), "Shaozhu" (少主; "young lord"), "Feidi" (廢帝; "deposed emperor"), etc.;
these terms are not temple names, posthumous names or regnal names.
In some cases, the regnal or era name is changed in the same year as the death of the
previous sovereign; in other cases, the name change occurs in the subsequent year.
Thus, the date given for the beginning of a reign may actually refer to the first full year of
the sovereign's reign.
These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on
Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible
additional information.
Follow these links to see how they are related:
Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs
(Warring States period) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors
family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)
Contents

 1Three Sov ereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝) (2852–2070BC)
 2Xia dy nasty (夏朝) (2070–1600 BC)
 3Shang dy nasty (商朝) (1600–1046BC)
 4Zhou dy nasty (周朝)(1046–256 BC)
 5Qin dy nasty (秦朝) (221–207 BC)
 6Han dy nasty (漢朝) (202 BC–9AD, 25–220 AD)
o 6.1Xin dy nasty (新朝)(9–23 AD)
 7Three Kingdoms (三國) (220–280 AD)
o 7.1Cao Wei (曹魏) (220–266 AD)
o 7.2Shu Han (蜀漢) (221–263AD)
o 7.3Eastern Wu(東吳) (222–280 AD)
 8Jin dy nasty (晉朝) (266–420 AD)
 9Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國) (304–439 AD)
o 9.1Han Zhao (漢趙) (304–329 AD)
o 9.2Cheng Han (成漢)(304–347AD)
o 9.3Later Zhao (後趙) (319–351 AD)
o 9.4Former Liang (前涼) (320–376 AD)
o 9.5Former Yan (前燕) (337–370AD)
o 9.6Former Qin (前秦)(351–394AD)
o 9.7Later Yan (後燕) (384–409 AD)
o 9.8Later Qin (後秦) (384–417 AD)
o 9.9WesternQin (西秦) (385–400 AD, 409–431 AD)
o 9.10Later Liang (後涼) (386–403 AD)
o 9.11Southern Liang (南涼) (397–414 AD)
o 9.12Northern Liang (北涼) (397–439 AD)
o 9.13Southern Yan (南燕)(398–410AD)
o 9.14Western Liang (西涼) (400–421AD)
o 9.15Hu Xia (胡夏)(407–431AD)
o 9.16Northern Yan(北燕) (407–436 AD)
o 9.17Other sovereignties traditionally not counted among theSixteen Kingdoms
 9.17.1Ran Wei (冉魏) (350–352 AD)
 9.17.2WesternYan (西燕) (384–394 AD)
 9.17.3WesternShu (西蜀) (405–413 AD)
 9.17.4Tief utribe (匈奴鐵弗部) (mid 3rd century–391 AD)
 9.17.5Yuwen tribe (鮮卑宇文部) (late 3rd century–345 AD)
 9.17.6Duan tribe (鮮卑段部)(303–338AD)
 9.17.7Chouchi (仇池)(296–371AD, 385–443 AD)
 9.17.8Wuxing (武興) (473–506 AD, 534–555 AD)
 9.17.9Yinping (陰平) (477AD–mid-6th century)
 9.17.10Tuoba tribe (鮮卑拓拔部) (219–376 AD) & Dai (代) (310–376 AD)
 10Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝) (386–589 AD)
o 10.1Northern dynasties (北朝) (386–581 AD)
 10.1.1Northern Wei (北魏) (386–535 AD)
 10.1.2Eastern Wei (東魏) (534–550 AD)
 10.1.3WesternWei (西魏) (535–557 AD)
 10.1.4Northern Qi (北齊)(550–577 AD)
 10.1.5Northern Zhou (北周) (557–581 AD)
o 10.2Southern dynasties (南朝) (420–589 AD)
 10.2.1Liu Song (劉宋) (420–479 AD)
 10.2.2Southern Qi (南齊) (479–502 AD)
 10.2.3Liang dynasty (梁朝) (502–557 AD)
 10.2.4Chen dynasty (陳朝) (557–589 AD)
 11Sui dy nasty (隋朝) (581–619 AD)
 12Tang dy nasty (唐朝) (618–690 AD, 705–907 AD)

o 12.1Wu Zhou (武周) (690–705 AD)
o 12.2Huang Qi (黃齊) (881–884 AD)
 13Fiv e Dynasties andTen Kingdoms (五代十國) (907–979 AD)
o 13.1Five Dynasties (五代) (907–960 AD)
 13.1.1Later Liang(後梁) (907–923 AD)
 13.1.2Later Tang (後唐) (923–937 AD)
 13.1.3Later Jin(後晉) (936–947 AD)
 13.1.4Later Han (後漢) (947–951 AD)
 13.1.5Later Zhou (後周) (951–960 AD)
o 13.2Ten Kingdoms (十國) (907–979AD)
 13.2.1Former Shu (前蜀)(907–925AD)
 13.2.2YangWu (楊吳) (907–937AD)
 13.2.3Ma Chu (馬楚) (907–951 AD)
 13.2.4Wuyue (吳越) (907–978 AD)
 13.2.5Min (閩) (909–945 AD) & Yin(殷) (943–945AD)
 13.2.6Southern Han (南漢) (917–971 AD)
 13.2.7Jingnan(荊南) (924–963 AD)
 13.2.8Later Shu (後蜀) (934–965 AD)
 13.2.9Southern Tang (南唐) (937–976 AD)
 13.2.10Northern Han (北漢) (951–979 AD)
o 13.3Independent regimes during Ten Kingdoms
 13.3.1Qingyuan Jiedushi(清源節度使) (949–978 AD)
 13.3.2Wuping Jiedushi (武平節度使) (950–963 AD)
 14Liao dy nasty (遼朝) (916–1125 AD)
o 14.1Northern Liao(北遼) (1122–1123 AD)
o 14.2Western Liao (西遼)(1124–1218 AD)
o 14.3Dongdan (東丹) (926–952 AD)
 15Song dy nasty (宋朝) (960–1279 AD)
o 15.1Dali Kingdom (大理) (937–1094 AD, 1096–1253 AD)
 16Western Xia (西夏)(1038–1227 AD)
 17Jin dy nasty (金朝) (1115–1234 AD)
 18Yuan dynasty (元朝) (1271–1368AD)
o 18.1Northern Yuan (北元) (1368–1388AD)
 19Ming dy nasty (明朝) (1368–1644 AD)
o 19.1Shun dy nasty (順朝) (1644–1645 AD)
o 19.2Southern Ming (南明) (1644–1662AD)
 20Qing dy nasty (清朝) (1636–1912AD)
o 20.1Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國) (1851–1864 AD)
 21Empire of China (中華帝國) (1915–1916AD)
 22See also
 23Ref erences
 24External links
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝) (2852–
2070 BC)[edit]
Main article: Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
Although it is ingrained in Chinese mythology that the earliest mythological rulers of
China included three huáng (皇, generally translated "sovereign" or "august one") and
five dì (帝, generally translated "emperor"), both terms denoting demigod status, their
identities have differed between different sources, with some individuals, such as

the Yellow Emperor, being regarded as either sovereign or emperor, depending on the
source. The two characters would later be taken together by Qin Shi Huang to form the
new title huángdì (皇帝, emperor), thus claiming legendary status for himself. They were
perceived as admirable and loyal to the individual members that belonged to the
emperor.
Note: These figures are considered to be legendary
Title Name by which most commonly
known
Reign (according to
tradition)
In Chinese Other names
Huang1,4,5 /
Di3
Youchao 3162–2962 BC Yǒucháo 有巢 –
Huang/ Di3 Suiren 2962–2852 BC Suìrén 燧人 –
Huang4 / Di3 Fuxi 2852–2737 BC Fúxī 伏羲 –
Huang1 / Di1 Yan Emperor and/or Shennong 2737–2698 BC Yándì 炎帝 Shennong 神農
Huang5 /
Di1,2
Yellow Emperor 2698–2598 BC Huángdì 黃帝 Xuanyuan 軒轅
Di2 Shaohao 2597–2514 BC Shǎohào 少昊 Jintian 金天
Di1,2 Zhuanxu 2514–2436 BC Zhuānxū 顓頊 Gaoyang 高陽
Di1 Emperor Ku 2436–2366 BC Dìkù 帝嚳 Gaoxin 高辛
Di1 Emperor Zhi 2366–2358 BC Dìzhì 帝摯 Qingyang 青陽
Di1 Emperor Yao (of Tang) 2356–2255 BC Dìyáo or Táng
Yáo
帝堯 /
唐堯
Yiqi, Taotang and
Fangxun
伊祁、陶唐、放勳
Di1 Emperor Shun (of Yu) 2255–2208 BC Dìshùn or Yú
Shùn
帝舜 /
虞舜
Yao, Youyu and
Chonghua
姚、有虞、重華
1 — According to the Records of the Grand Historian.
2 — According to the Chu Ci.
3 — According to the Book of Rites.
4 — According to the Shangshu dazhuan (尚書大傳) and Baihu tongyi (白虎通義).

5 — According to the Diwang shiji (帝王世紀)
Xia dynasty (夏朝) (2070–1600 BC)[edit]
Main article: Xia dynasty
Chinese convention: use "Xia" + regnal name
Name by which most commonly known Reign (according to tradition) Regnal name1 Other names
Yu the Great 2150–2106 BC Yǔ 禹 –
Qi of Xia 2106–2077 BC Qǐ 啟 –
Tai Kang 2077–2048 BC Kāng 康 Tài Kāng 太康
Zhong Kang 2048–2036 BC Kāng 康 Zhòng Kāng 仲康
Xiang of Xia 2036–2008 BC Xiāng 相 –
Interregnum (about 40 years)
Shao Kang 1968–1946 BC Kāng 康 Shào Kāng 少康
Zhu of Xia 1946–1929 BC Zhù 杼 –
Huai of Xia 1929–1885 BC Huái 槐 –
Mang of Xia 1885–1867 BC Máng 芒 –
Xie of Xia 1867–1851 BC Xiè 泄 –
Bu Jiang 1851–1792 BC Jiàng 降 –
Jiong of Xia 1792–1771 BC Jiōng 扃 –

Jin of Xia 1771–1750 BC Jǐn 廑 Yìn Jiǎ 胤甲
Kong Jia 1750–1719 BC Kǒng Jiǎ 孔甲 –
Gao of Xia 1719–1708 BC Gāo 阜 –
Fa of Xia 1708–1689 BC Fā 發 Hou Jin 后敬
Jie of Xia 1689–1658 BC Jié 桀 Lǚ Guǐ 履癸
Shang dynasty (商朝) (1600–1046 BC)[edit]
Main article: Shang dynasty
Chinese convention: use "Shang" + posthumous name
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name
Reign (according to
tradition)1 Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號)
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Tang of Shang Zi Lü 子履 1658–1629 BC Tiān Yǐ 天乙 Tàizu 太祖
Wai Bing Zi Shèng 子勝 1629–1627 BC Wài Bǐng 外丙 –
Zhong Ren Zi Yōng 子庸 1627–1623 BC Zhōng Rén 中壬 –
Tai Jia Zi Zhì 子至 1623–1611 BC Tài Jiǎ 太甲 Tàizōng 太宗
Wo Ding Zi Xuàn 子絢 1611–1592 BC Wò Dīng 沃丁 –
Tai Geng Zi Biàn 子辯 1592–1567 BC Tài Gēng 太庚 –
Xiao Jia Zi Gāo 子高 1567–1550 BC Xiǎo Jiǎ 小甲 –
Yong Ji Zi Zhòu 子伷 1550–1538 BC Yōng Jǐ 雍己 –

Tai Wu Zi Mì 子密 1538–1463 BC Tài Wù 太戊 –
Zhong Ding
Zi
Zhuāng 子莊 1463–1452 BC Zhòng Dīng 仲丁 –
Wai Ren Zi Fā 子發 1452–1437 BC Wài Rén 外壬 –
He Dan Jia Zi Zhěng 子整 1437–1428 BC Hé Dān Jiǎ 河亶甲 –
Zu Ji Zi Téng 子滕 1428–1409 BC Zǔ Jǐ 祖己 Zhōngzōng 中宗
Zu Xin Zi Dàn 子旦 1409–1393 BC Zǔ Xīn 祖辛 –
Wo Jia Zi Yú 子踰 1393–1368 BC Wò Jiǎ 沃甲 –
Zu Ding Zi Xīn 子新 1368–1336 BC Zǔ Dīng 祖丁 –
Nan Geng Zi Gēng 子更 1336–1307 BC Nán Gēng 南庚 –
Yang Jia Zi Hé 子和 1307–1290 BC Yáng Jiǎ 陽甲 –
Pan Geng Zi Xún 子旬 1290–1262 BC Pán Gēng 盤庚 –
Xiao Xin Zi Sòng 子颂 1262–1259 BC Xiǎo Xīn 小辛 –
Xiao Yi Zi Liǎn 子敛 1259–1250 BC Xiǎo Yǐ 小乙 –
Wu Ding Zi Zhāo 子昭 1250–1192 BC Wǔ Dīng 武丁 Gāozōng 高宗
Zu Geng Zi Yuè 子躍 1192–1185 BC Zǔ Gēng 祖庚 –
Zu Jia Zi Zài 子載 1185–1158 BC Zǔ Jiǎ 祖甲 –

Lin Xin Zi Xiān 子先 1158–1152 BC Lǐn Xīn 廩辛 –
Geng Ding Zi Xiāo 子囂 1152–1147 BC Gēng Dīng 庚丁 –
Wu Yi Zi Qú 子瞿 1147–1112 BC Wǔ Yǐ 武乙 –
Wen Wu Ding Zi Tuō 子托 1112–1102 BC
Wénwǔ Dīng/ Wén
Dīng
文武丁 /
文丁
–
Di Yi Zi Xiàn 子羡 1101–1076 BC Dì Yǐ 帝乙 –
King Zhou of Shang Zi Shòu 子受 1075–1046 BC Xīn (Zhou) 辛(紂) –
1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the workof scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported
in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
Zhou dynasty (周朝) (1046–256 BC)[edit]
Main article: Zhou dynasty
Chinese convention: use "Zhou" + posthumous name ("Wang" is the chinese term for
"King")
Note: The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the
beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often
vigorous dispute.
Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign1
Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Western Zhou (西周 ) (1046–771 BC)
King Wen of Zhou Jī Chāng 姬昌 1100–1050 BC1 King Wén 文王
King Wu of Zhou Jī Fā 姬發 1046–1043 BC1 King Wǔ 武王
King Cheng of Zhou Jī Sòng 姬誦 1042–1021 BC1 King Chéng 成王

King Kang of Zhou Jī Zhāo 姬釗 1020–996 BC1 King Kāng 康王
King Zhao of Zhou Jī Xiá 姬瑕 995–977 BC1 King Zhāo 昭王
King Mu of Zhou Jī Mǎn 姬滿 976–922 BC1 King Mù 穆王
King Gong of Zhou Jī Yīhù 姬繄扈 922–900 BC1 King Gōng 共王
King Yi of Zhou (Jian) Jī Jiān 姬囏 899–892 BC1 King Yì 懿王
King Xiao of Zhou Jī Bìfāng 姬辟方 891–886 BC1 King Xiào 孝王
King Yi of Zhou (Xie) Jī Xiè 姬燮 885–878 BC1 King Yí 夷王
King Li of Zhou Jī Hú 姬胡 877–841 BC1 King Lì 厲王
Gonghe Regency (共和 ) (841–827 BC)
King Xuan of Zhou Jī Jìng 姬靜 827–782 BC King Xuān 宣王
King You of Zhou Jī Gōngshēng 姬宮湦 781–771 BC King Yōu 幽王
Eastern Zhou (東周 ) (770–256 BC)
Spring and Autumn period (春秋時代 ) (770–476 BC)
King Ping of Zhou Jī Yijiu 姬宜臼 770–720 BC King Ping 平王
King Huan of Zhou Jī Lin 姬林 719–697 BC King Huan 桓王
King Zhuang of Zhou Jī Tuo 姬佗 696–682 BC King Zhuang 莊王

King Xi of Zhou Jī Huqi 姬胡齊 681–677 BC King Xi 釐王
King Hui of Zhou Jī Lang 姬閬 676–652 BC King Hui 惠王
King Xiang of Zhou Jī Zheng 姬鄭 651–619 BC King Xiang 襄王
King Qing of Zhou Jī Renchen 姬壬臣 618–613 BC King Qing 頃王
King Kuang of Zhou Jī Ban 姬班 612–607 BC King Kuang 匡王
King Ding of Zhou Jī Yu 姬瑜 606–586 BC King Ding 定王
King Jian of Zhou Jī Yi 姬夷 585–572 BC King Jian 簡王
King Ling of Zhou Jī Xiexin 姬泄心 571–545 BC King Ling 靈王
King Jing of Zhou (Gui) Jī Gui 姬貴 544–521 BC King Jing 景王
King Dao of Zhou Jī Meng 姬猛 520 BC King Dao 悼王
King Jing of Zhou (Gai) Jī Gai 姬丐 519–476 BC King Jing 敬王
Warring States period (戰國時代 ) (475–221 BC)
King Yuan of Zhou Jī Ren 姬仁 475–469 BC King Yuan 元王
King Zhending of Zhou Jī Jie 姬介 468–442 BC King Zhending 貞定王
King Ai of Zhou Jī Quji 姬去疾 441 BC King Ai 哀王
King Si of Zhou Jī Shu 姬叔 441 BC King Si 思王

King Kao of Zhou Jī Wei 姬嵬 440–426 BC King Kao 考王
King Weilie of Zhou Jī Wu 姬午 425–402 BC King Weilie 威烈王
King An of Zhou Jī Jiao 姬驕 401–376 BC King An 安王
King Lie of Zhou Jī Xi 姬喜 375–369 BC King Lie 烈王
King Xian of Zhou Jī Bian 姬扁 368–321 BC King Xian 顯王
King Shenjing of Zhou Jī Ding 姬定 320–315 BC King Shenjing 慎靚王
King Nan of Zhou Jī Yan 姬延 314–256 BC King Nan 赧王
1 — The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, the workof scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported
in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
After King Nan was deposed by Qin, Ji Jie (姬杰), Duke Wen of the vassal duchy of
Eastern Zhou was proclaimed the new king of Zhou and claimed the title until his death
in 249 BC. However, the King of Qin had taken possession of the Nine Tripod
Cauldrons (九鼎), and Ji Jie's reign was not widely recognized. Historians generally
considered the title of Son of Heaven to be vacant from 256 to 221 BC.
Qin dynasty (秦朝) (221–207 BC)[edit]
Main article: Qin dynasty
See also: Chinese emperors family tree (early) § Qin Dynasty
Chinese convention: use regnal name
Note: The State of Qin was founded in the 9th century BCE as a vassal of the
Zhou dynasty. In 325 BC, the Duke of Qing, Ying Si (嬴駟), declared himself king
and was given the regnal name King Huiwen of Qin (秦惠文王). In 256 BC, King
Zhaoxiang of Qin ended the Zhou dynasty, and in 221 BC, Ying Zheng completed
the conquest of the other states (kingdoms) and declared himself Qin Shi Huang,
or "First Emperor of Qin." The unification of China under the Qin dynasty in 221
BC is usually considered to be the beginning of Imperial China.
Name by which most commonly known Personal name Reign Regnal name

(King Zhaoxiang of Qin)1 Yíng Zé (Yíng Jì) 嬴則 (嬴稷) (306)1 (255–251 BC) Zhaoxiang of Qin 秦昭襄王
(King Xiaowen of Qin)1 Yíng Zhù 嬴柱 (250 BC) Xiaowen of Qin 秦孝文王
(King Zhuangxiang of Qin)1 Yíng Zǐchǔ 嬴子楚 (249–247 BC) Zhuangxiang of Qin 秦莊襄王
Qin Shi Huang1,2 Yíng Zhèng 嬴政 (246)2 221–210 BC Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇
Qin Er Shi Yíng Húhài 嬴胡亥 209–207 BC Qin Er Shi 秦二世
Ziying3 Yíng Zǐyīng 嬴子嬰 207 BC Qin San Shi 秦三世
1 — Zhaoxiang's reign as king of the State of Q in began in 306 BC before the fall of Zhou. Subsequently, in the absence of a Son of Heaven, historians conventionally used
Q in regnal dates to refer to the years 255 to 222 BC.
2 — Q in Shi Huang began his reign as king of Q in 246 BC, but did not unite China and proclaim himself "Emperor" until 221 BC.
3 — Ziying is often referred to by his personal name and as king, rather than emperor, of Q in (秦王子嬰).
Han dynasty (漢朝) (202 BC–9 AD, 25–220 AD)[edit]
Main article: Han dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of the Han dynasty.
Chinese convention: use "Han" + posthumous name (apart from Liu Bang, who is
known as "Han Gaozu")
Note that the posthumous names of many Han monarchs bear the character "xiao" (孝;
"filial"), but this character is usually omitted by scholars when they are used (i.e.
"Emperor Xiaowu" is normally known as "Emperor Wu")
Name by which
most commonly
known
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
corresponding range of years
Posthumous name (Shi
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Western Han (西漢 ) (202 BC–9 AD)
Emperor Gaozu
of Han
Liu
Bang 劉邦
202–
195 BC
– Emperor Gao 高皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Emperor Hui of
Han
Liu
Ying 劉盈
195–
188 BC
(Empress Lü regency)1
Emperor
Xiaohui 孝惠皇帝 –

Emperor
Qianshao of Han1
Liu
Gong 劉恭
188–
184 BC
(Empress Lü regency)1 – –
Emperor
Houshao of Han1
Liu
Hong 劉弘
184–
180 BC
(Empress Lü regency)1 – –
Emperor Wen of
Han
Liu
Heng 劉恆
179–
157 BC
Hòuyuán 後元 163–156 BC
Emperor
Xiaowen 孝文皇帝 Taizong 太宗
Emperor Jing of
Han
Liu Qi 劉啟
156–
141 BC
Zhōngyuán 中元 149–143 BC
Emperor
Xiaojing 孝景皇帝 –
Emperor Wu of
Han
Liu Che 劉徹
140–87
BC
Jiànyuán 建元 140–135 BC
Emperor
Xiaowu 孝武皇帝 Shizong 世宗
Yuánguāng 元光 134–129 BC
Yuánshuò 元朔 128–123 BC
Yuánshòu 元狩 122–117 BC
Yuándǐng 元鼎 116–111 BC
Yuánfēng 元封 110–105 BC
Tàichū 太初 104–101 BC
Tiānhàn 天漢 100–97 BC
Tàishǐ 太始 96–93 BC
Zhēnghé 征和 92–89 BC

Emperor Zhao of
Han
Liu
Fuling 劉弗陵
86–74
BC
Shǐyuán 始元 86–80 BC
Emperor
Xiaozhao 孝昭皇帝
Yuánfèng 元鳳 80–75 BC
Yuánpíng 元平 74 BC
Marquis of
Haihun
Liu He 劉賀 74 BC – –
Emperor Xuan
of Han
Liu Xun 劉詢
73–49
BC
Běnshǐ 本始 73–70 BC
Emperor
Xiaoxuan 孝宣皇帝 Zhongzong 中宗
Dìjié 地節 69–66 BC
Yuánkāng 元康 65–61 BC
Shénjué 神爵 61–58 BC
Wǔfèng 五鳳 57–54 BC
Gānlù 甘露 53–50 BC
Huánglóng 黃龍 49 BC
Emperor Yuan
of Han
Liu Shi 劉奭
48–33
BC
Chūyuán 初元 48–44 BCE
Emperor
Xiaoyuan
孝元皇帝 Gaozong3
高宗3
Yǒngguāng 永光 43–39 BC
Jiànzhāo 建昭 38–34 BC
Jìngníng 竟寧 33 BC
Emperor Cheng
of Han
Liu Ao 劉驁
32–7
BC
Jiànshǐ 建始 32–28 BC
Emperor
Xiaocheng 孝成皇帝 Tongzong3
統宗3
Hépíng 河平 28–25 BC

Yángshuò 陽朔 24–21 BC
Hóngjiā 鴻嘉 20–17 BC
Yǒngshǐ 永始 16–13 BC
Yuányán 元延 12–9 BC
Suīhé 綏和 8–7 BC
Emperor Ai of
Han
Liu Xin 劉欣 6–1 BC
Jiànpíng 建平 6–3 BC
Emperor
Xiao'ai 孝哀皇帝 –
Yuánshòu 元壽 2–1 BC
Emperor Ping of
Han
Liu Kan 劉衎
1 BC –
5 AD
Yuánshǐ 元始
1 BC – 5
AD
Emperor
Xiaoping 孝平皇帝 Yuanzong3
元宗3
Ruzi Ying2
Liu
Ying 劉嬰 6–8
Jùshè 居攝
6 AD – Oct.
8 AD
– –
Chūshǐ 初始
Nov. 8 AD –
Dec. 8 AD
Interregnum (9 AD – 23 AD)
Gengshi
Emperor
Liu
Xuan 劉玄
23–25
AD
Gēngshǐ 更始 23–25 AD – –
Eastern Han (東漢 ) (25–220 AD)
Emperor
Guangwu of Han
Liu Xiu 劉秀
25–57
AD
Jiànwǔ 建武 25–56 AD
Emperor
Guangwu 光武皇帝 Shizu 世祖
Jiànwǔzhōngyuán 建武中元 56–57 AD
Emperor Ming of Liu
劉莊
58–75
Yǒngpíng 永平 58–75 AD
Emperor
孝明皇帝 Xianzong 顯宗

Han Zhuang AD Xiaoming
Emperor Zhang
of Han
Liu Da 劉炟
76–88
AD
Jiànchū 建初 76–84 AD
Emperor
Xiaozhang 孝章皇帝 Suzong 肅宗
Yuánhé 元和 84–87 AD
Zhānghé 章和 87–88 AD
Emperor He of
Han
Liu
Zhao 劉肇
89–105
AD
Yǒngyuán 永元 89–105 AD
Emperor
Xiaohe 孝和皇帝 Muzong3
穆宗3
Yuánxīng 元興 105 AD
Emperor Shang
of Han
Liu
Long 劉隆 106 AD Yánpíng 延平
9 months in
106 AD
Emperor
Xiaoshang 孝殤皇帝 –
Emperor An of
Han
Liu Hu 劉祜
106–
125 AD
Yǒngchū 永初 107–113 AD
Emperor
Xiao'an 孝安皇帝 Gongzong3
恭宗3
Yuánchū 元初 114–120 AD
Yǒngníng 永寧 120–121 AD
Jiànguāng 建光 121–122 AD
Yánguāng 延光 122–125 AD
Marquess of
Beixiang
Liu Yi 劉懿 125 AD – –
Emperor Shun of
Han
Liu Bao 劉保
125–
144 AD
Yǒngjiàn 永建 126–132 AD
Emperor
Xiaoshun 孝順皇帝 Jingzong3
敬宗3
Yángjiā 陽嘉 132–135 AD
Yǒnghé 永和 136–141 AD
Hàn'ān 漢安 142–144 AD

Jiànkāng 建康 144 AD
Emperor Chong
of Han
Liu
Bing 劉炳
144–
145 AD
Yōngxī 永嘉 145 AD
Emperor
Xiaochong 孝沖皇帝 –
Emperor Zhi of
Han
Liu
Zuan 劉纘
145–
146 AD
Běnchū 本初 146 AD
Emperor
Xiaozhi 孝質皇帝 –
Emperor Huan
of Han
Liu Zhi 劉志
146–
168 AD
Jiànhé 建和 147–149 AD
Emperor
Xiaohuan 孝桓皇帝 Weizong3
威宗3
Hépíng 和平 150 AD
Yuánjiā 元嘉 151–153 AD
Yǒngxīng 永興 153–154 AD
Yǒngshòu 永壽 155–158 AD
Yánxī 延熹 158–167 AD
Yǒngkāng 永康 167 AD
Emperor Ling of
Han
Liu
Hong 劉宏
168–
189 AD
Jiànníng 建寧 168–172 AD
Emperor
Xiaoling 孝靈皇帝 –
Xīpíng 熹平 172–178 AD
Guānghé 光和 178–184 AD
Zhōngpíng 中平 184–189 AD
Prince of
Hongnong
Liu Bian 劉辯 189 AD
Guīngxī 光熹 189 AD
– –
Zhàoníng 昭寧 189 AD

Emperor Xian of
Han
Liu Xie 劉協
189–
220 AD
Yǒnghàn 永漢 189 AD
Emperor
Xiaoxian 孝獻皇帝 –
Chūpíng 初平 190–193 AD
Xīngpíng 興平 194–195 AD
Jiàn'ān 建安 196–220 AD
Yánkāng 延康 220 AD
1 — Emperors Q ianshao and Houshao reigned as children and were subsequently deposed. Their reigns were completely dominated by Empress Dowager Lü (吕后, personal name:
Lü Zhi, 吕雉), who is often listed in their place on lists of Han rulers and Sima Q ian's Records of the Grand Historian.
2 — Ruzi was prince, rather than emperor of Han. Officially, the throne of emperor of Han was vacant during 6AD to 9AD.
3 — Temple name was subsequently withdrew.
Xin dynasty (新朝)(9–23 AD)[edit]
Chinese convention: use personal name
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Wang Mang
Wang
Mang 王莽
9–23
AD
Shǐjiànguó 始建國 9–13 AD
– –
Tiānfēng 天鳳 14–19 AD
Dìhuáng 地皇 20–23 AD
Three Kingdoms (三國) (220–280 AD)[edit]
Main article: Three Kingdoms
Cao Wei (曹魏)(220–266 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Courtesy name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
Hao 諡號 )

Cao Pi Cáo Pī 曹丕 Zihuan 子桓
220–226
AD
Huángchū 黃初 220–226 AD
Emperor
Wen 文皇帝
Cao Rui
Cáo
Ruì 曹叡 Yuanzhong 元仲
226–239
AD
Tàihé 太和 227–233 AD
Emperor
Ming 明皇帝
Qīnglóng 青龍 233–237 AD
Jǐngchū 景初 237–239 AD
Cao Fang
Cáo
Fāng
曹芳 Lanqing 蘭卿
239–254
AD
Zhèngshǐ 正始 240–249 AD
Duke Li 厲公
Jiāpíng 嘉平 249–254 AD
Cao Mao
Cáo
Máo 曹髦 Yanshi 彥士
254–260
AD
Zhèngyuán 正元 254–256 AD
–
Gānlù 甘露 256–260 AD
Cao Huan
Cáo
Huàn 曹奐 Jingming 景明
260–266
AD
Jǐngyuán 景元 260–264 AD
Emperor
Yuan 元皇帝
Xiánxī 咸熙 264–266 AD
Shu Han (蜀漢)(221–263 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal
name
Courtesy name Reign
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
Hao 諡號 )
Liu Bei
Liú
Bèi 劉備 Xuande 玄德
221–223
AD
Zhāngwǔ 章武 221–223 AD
Emperor
Zhaolie 昭烈皇帝
Liu Shan
Liú
Shàn 劉禪 Gongsi 公嗣
223–263
AD
Jiànxīng 建興 223–237 AD
Emperor
Xiaohuai 孝懷皇帝
Yánxī 延熙 238–257 AD
Jǐngyào 景耀 258–263 AD

Yánxīng 炎興 263 AD
Eastern Wu (東吳)(222–280 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Courtesy name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
Hao 諡號 )
Sun Quan
Sūn
Quán
孫權 Zhongmou 仲謀
222–252
AD
Huángwǔ 黃武 222–229
Emperor Da 大皇帝
Huánglóng 黃龍 229–231 AD
Jiāhé 嘉禾 232–238 AD
Chìwū 赤烏 238–251 AD
Tàiyuán 太元 251–252 AD
Shénfèng 神鳳 252 AD
Sun Liang
Sūn
Liàng 孫亮 Ziming 子明 252–258
–
Wǔfèng 五鳳 254–256 AD
Tàipíng 太平 256–258 AD
Sun Xiu
Sūn
Xiū 孫休 Zilie 子烈
258–264
AD
Yǒngān 永安 258–264 AD Emperor Jing 景皇帝
Sun Hao
Sūn
Hào 孫皓 Yuanzong 元宗
264–280
AD
Yuánxīng 元興 264–265 AD
–
Gānlù 甘露 265–266 AD
Bǎodǐng 寶鼎 266–269 AD

Jiànhéng 建衡 269–271 AD
Fènghuáng 鳳凰 272–274 AD
Tiāncè 天冊 275–276 AD
Tiānxǐ 天璽 276 AD
Tiānjì 天紀 277–280 AD
Jin dynasty (晉朝) (266–420 AD)[edit]
Main article: Jin dynasty (266–420)
See also: Jin emperors family tree
Chinese convention: Use "Jin" + posthumous name
Note that the posthumous names of some Jin monarchs bore the character "xiao" (孝;
"filial"), but this character is usually omitted by scholars when referencing these
monarchs by their posthumous names (i.e. "Emperor Xiaohui" is normally known as
"Emperor Hui")
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reign
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 )
and their corresponding range
of years
Posthumous name
(Shi Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Western Jin (西晉 ) (266–316 AD)
Emperor Wu of Jin Sīmǎ Yán 司馬炎
266–290
AD
Tàishǐ 泰始
266–274
AD
Emperor
Wu 武皇帝 Shizu 世祖
Xiánníng 咸寧
275–280
AD
Tàikāng 太康
280–289
AD
Tàixī 太熙 290 AD

Emperor Hui of Jin
Sīmǎ
Zhōng 司馬衷
290–306
AD
Yǒngxī 永熙 290 AD
Emperor
Xiaohui 孝惠皇帝 –
Yǒngpīng 永平 291 AD
Yuánkāng 元康
291–299
AD
Yǒngkāng 永康
300–301
AD
Yǒngníng 永寧
301–302
AD
Tàiān 太安
302–303
AD
Yǒngān 永安 304 AD
Jiànwǔ 建武 304 AD
Yǒngān 永安 304 AD
Yǒngxīng 永興
304–306
AD
Guāngxī 光熙 306 AD
Emperor Huai of Jin Sīmǎ Chì 司馬熾
307–313
AD
Yǒngjiā 永嘉
307–313
AD
Emperor
Xiaohuai 孝懷皇帝 –
Emperor Min of Jin Sīmǎ Yè 司馬鄴
313–317
AD
Jiànxīng 建興
313–317
AD
Emperor
Xiaomin 孝愍皇帝 –
Eastern Jin (東晉 ) (317–420 AD)
Emperor Yuan of Jin Sīmǎ Ruì 司馬睿
317–322
AD
Jiànwǔ 建武
317–318
AD
Emperor
Yuan
元皇帝 Zhōngzōng 中宗

Dàxīng 大興
318–321
AD
Yǒngchāng 永昌
321–322
AD
Emperor Míng of Jin
Sīmǎ
Shào 司馬紹
322–325
AD
Yǒngchāng 永昌
322–323
AD
Emperor
Ming 明皇帝 Suzu 肅祖
Tàiníng 太寧
323–325
AD
Emperor Cheng of
Jin
Sīmǎ Yǎn 司馬衍
325–342
AD
Tàiníng 太寧 325 AD
Emperor
Cheng 成皇帝 Xianzong 顯宗
Xiánhé 咸和
326–334
AD
Xiánkāng 咸康
335–342
AD
Emperor Kang of Jin Sīmǎ Yuè 司馬岳
342–344
AD
Jiànyuán 建元
343–344
AD
Emperor
Kang 康皇帝 –
Emperor Mu of Jin Sima Dān 司馬聃
345–361
AD
Yǒnghé 永和
345–356
AD
Emperor Mu 穆皇帝 Xianzong 顯宗
Shēngpíng 升平
357–361
AD
Emperor Ai of Jin Sīmǎ Pī 司馬丕
361–365
AD
Lónghé 隆和
362–363
AD
Emperor Ai 哀皇帝 –
Xīngníng 興寧
363–365
AD
Emperor Fei of Jin Sīmǎ Yì 司馬奕
365–371
AD
Tàihé 太和
365–371
AD
– –
Emperor Jianwen of
Jin
Sīmǎ Yù 司馬昱
371–372
AD
Xiánān 咸安
371–372
AD
Emperor
Jianwen 簡文皇帝 Taizong 太宗

Emperor Xiaowu of
Jin
Sīmǎ Yào 司馬曜
372–396
AD
Níngkāng 寧康
373–375
AD
Emperor
Xiaowu 孝武皇帝 Lièzōng 烈宗
Tàiyuán 太元
376–396
AD
Emperor An of Jin
Sīmǎ
Dézōng 司馬德宗
396–418
AD
Lóngān 隆安
397–401
AD
Emperor An 安皇帝 –
Yuánxīng 元興
402–404
AD
Yìxī 義熙
405–418
AD
Emperor Gong of Jin
Sīmǎ
Déwén 司馬德文
419–420
AD
Yuánxī 元熙
419–420
AD
Emperor
Gong 恭皇帝 –
Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國) (304–439 AD)[edit]
Main article: Sixteen Kingdoms
Han Zhao (漢趙) (304–329 AD)[edit]
Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Han (漢) and Qian (Former) Zhao
(前趙)
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Northern Han (北漢 ) (304–318 AD)
Liu
Yuan 劉淵 304–310 AD
Jiànxīng 建興
304–307
AD
Emperor
Guangwen 光文皇帝 Gao Zu 高祖
Yǒngfèng 永鳳 308 AD
Héruì 河瑞 309 AD
Guāngxīng 光興 310

Liu He 劉和 7 days in 310 AD – –
Liu
Cong 劉聰 310–318 AD
Emperor
Zhaowu 昭武皇帝 Lie Zong 烈宗
Jiāpíng 嘉平
311–315
AD
Jiànyuán 建元 316 AD
Línjiā 麟嘉
317–318
AD
Liu
Can 劉粲
a month and some
days in 318 AD
Hànchāng (until renaming as
Former Zhao) 漢昌 318 AD Emperor Yin 隱皇帝 –
Former Zhao (前趙 ) (318–329 AD)
Liu
Yao 劉曜 318–329 AD
Guāngchū (until conquest by
Later Zhao) 光初
318–329
AD
– –
Cheng Han (成漢) (304–347 AD)[edit]
Note: addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng (成) and Han (漢)
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their corresponding range
of years
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Cheng (成 ) (304–338 AD)
Li Te 李特 303 AD
Jiànchū
or
Jǐngchū
建初
or
景初
303 AD
Emperor
Jing 景皇帝
Shǐzu
or
Shìzu
始祖
or
世祖
Li Liu 李流
several
months in
303 AD
Prince Wen
of Qin 秦文王 –
Li
Xiong 李雄 303–334 AD Emperor Wu 武皇帝 Taizong 太宗
Yànpīng 晏平 306–310 AD
Yùhéng 玉衡 311–334 AD
Li Ban 李班
7 months in
334 AD
Emperor Ai 哀皇帝 –

Li Qi 李期 334–338 AD Hànxīng 漢興 337–338 AD Duke You 幽公 –
Han (漢 ) (338–347 AD)
Li
Shou 李壽 338–343 AD Hànxīng (漢興) 338–
343 AD (continuation) 漢興
338–343
AD (continuation)
Emperor
Zhaowen 昭文皇帝 Zhongzong 中宗
Li Shi 李勢 343–347
– –
Jiāníng 嘉寧
346–347 AD (until
conquest by Eastern Jin)
Later Zhao (後趙)(319–351 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Shi Le 石勒 319–333 AD
Prince Zhao 趙王 319–327
Emperor Ming 明皇帝 Gaozu 高祖
Jiànpíng 建平 330–332 AD
Yánxī 延熙 333 AD
Shi
Hong 石弘 333–334 AD
Yánxī 延熙 333 AD
– –
Jiànwǔ 建武 334 AD
Shi Hu 石虎 334–349
Jiànwǔ 建武 335–348 AD
Emperor Wu 武皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Taìníng 太寧 349 AD
Shi Shi 石世 73 days in 349 AD – –
Shi
Zun 石遵
183 days in 349
AD
– –
Shi
Jian 石鑒
103 days within
349–350 AD
Qīnglóng 青龍 (changed mid-year) – –
Shi Zhi 石祗 350–351 AD Yǒngníng 永寧
350–351 AD (until Ran
Min's coup)
– –
Former Liang (前涼)(320–376 AD)[edit]

Hao 諡號 )
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Zhang Mao 張茂 320–324 AD
Jianxing 建興 320–354 AD
Prince
Cheng
成王 –
Zhang Jun 張駿 324–346 AD Prince Wen 文王 –
Zhang
Chonghua 張重華 346–353 AD Prince Huan 桓王 –
Zhang
Yaoling 張曜靈
3 months (the ninth to the
twelfth month) in 353 AD
Duke Ai 哀公 –
Zhang Zuo 張祚 353–355 AD Prince Wei 威王 –
Heping 和平 354–355 AD
Zhang
Xuanjing
張玄靚 355–363 AD
Jianxing 建興 355–361 Duke
Jingdao
or
Prince
Chong
敬悼公
or
沖王
–
Shengping 升平 361–376 AD
Zhang
Tianxi 張天錫 364–376 AD Duke Dao 悼公 –
Former Yan (前燕)(337–370 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Murong
Huang 慕容皝
337–348
AD
Yànwáng 燕王 337–348 AD
Emperor
Wenming 文明皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Murong
Jun 慕容俊
348–360
AD
Yànyuán 燕元 349–351 AD
Emperor
Jingzhao 景昭皇帝 Liezong 烈宗
Yuánxǐ 元璽 352–357 AD
Shēngpíng 升平
357 AD (as vassal of
Jin)

Guāngshòu 光壽 357–359 AD
Murong
Wei 慕容暐
360–370
AD
Jiànxī 建熙 359–365 AD
Emperor You 幽皇帝 –
Jiànyuán 建元 366–370 AD
Former Qin (前秦)(351–394 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Fu Jian 苻健 351–355 AD Huangshi 皇始 351–355 AD
Emperor
Jingming 景明皇帝 Gaozu 高祖
Fu
Sheng 苻生 355–357 AD Shouguang 壽光 355–357 AD Prince Li 厲王 –
Fu Jian 苻堅 357–385 AD
Yongxing 永興 357–359 AD
Emperor
Xuanzhao 宣昭皇帝 Shizu 世祖
Ganlu 甘露 359–364 AD
Jianyuan 建元 365–385 AD
Fu Pi 苻丕 385–386 AD Taian 太安 385–386 AD Emperor Aiping 哀平皇帝 –
Fu
Deng 苻登 386–394 AD Taichu 太初 385–394 AD Emperor Gao 高皇帝 Taizong 太宗
Fu
Chong 苻崇
several months in
394 AD
Yanchu 延初 394 AD – –
Later Yan (後燕)(384–409 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Murong
慕容垂
384–396
Yànwáng 燕王 384–385 AD
Emperor
成武皇帝 Shizu 世祖

Chui AD
Jianxing 建興 386–396 AD
Chengwu
Murong
Bao 慕容寶
396–398
AD
Yongkang 永康 396–398 AD
Emperor
Huimin 惠愍皇帝 Liezong 烈宗
Murong
Sheng 慕容盛
398–401
AD
Jianping 建平 398 AD
Emperor
Zhaowu 昭武皇帝 Zhongzong 中宗
Changle 長樂 399–401 AD
Murong Xi 慕容熙
401–407
AD
Guangshi 光始 401–406 AD
Emperor
Zhaowen
昭文皇帝 –
Jianshi 建始 407 AD
Later Qin (後秦)(384–417 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their corresponding
range of years
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Yao
Chang 姚萇
384–393
AD
Baique 白雀 384–386 AD
Emperor
Wuzhao 武昭皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Jianchu 建初 386–393 AD
Yao Xing 姚興 394–416
Huangchu 皇初 394–399 AD
Emperor
Wenhuan 文桓皇帝 Gaozu 高祖
Hongshi 弘始 399–416 AD
Yao
Hong 姚泓
416–417
AD
Yonghe 永和 416–417 AD – –
Western Qin (西秦)(385–400 AD, 409–431 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Qifu
Guoren 乞伏國仁
385–388
AD
Jianyi 建義 385–388 AD Prince Xuanlie 宣烈王 Liezu 烈祖

Qifu
Qiangui 乞伏乾歸
388–400
AD
Taichu 太初 388–400 AD
Prince Wuyuan 武元王 Gaozu 高祖
409–412
AD
Gengshi 更始 409–412 AD
Qifu
Chipan 乞伏熾磐
412–428
AD
Yongkang 永康 412–419 AD
Prince Wenzhao 文昭王 Taizu 太祖
Jianhong 建弘 420–428 AD
Qifu
Mumo 乞伏暮末
428–431
AD
Yonghong 永弘 428–431 AD – –
Later Liang (後涼)(386–403 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their corresponding
range of years
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Lü
Guang 呂光
386–399
AD
Taian 太安 386–389 AD
Emperor Yiwu 懿武皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Linjia 麟嘉 389–396 AD
Longfei 龍飛 396–399 AD
Lü Shao 呂紹 399 AD Prince Yin 隱王 –
Lü Zuan 呂纂
399–401
AD
Xianning 咸寧 399–401 AD Emperor Ling 靈皇帝 –
Lü Long 呂隆
401–403
AD
Shending 神鼎 401–403 AD – –
Southern Liang (南涼)(397–414 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Tufa
Wugu 禿髮烏孤
397–399
AD
Taichu 太初 397–399 AD Prince Wu 武王 Liezu 烈祖

Tufa
Lilugu 禿髮利鹿孤
399–402
AD
Jianhe AD 建和 399–402 AD Prince Kang 康王 –
Tufa
Rutan
禿髮傉檀
402–414
AD
Hongchang 弘昌 402–404 AD
Prince Jǐng 景王 –
Jiaping 嘉平) 409–414 AD
Northern Liang (北涼)(397–439 AD)[edit]
Note: The Northern Liang was re-established at Gaochang in 442 AD.
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Duan Ye 段業
397–401
AD
Shenxi 神璽 397–399 AD
– –
Tianxi 天璽 399–401 AD
Juqu
Mengxun 沮渠蒙遜
401–433
AD
Yongan 永安 401–412 AD
Prince Wuxuan 武宣王 Taizu 太祖
Xuanshi 玄始 412–428 AD
Chengxuan 承玄 428–430 AD
Yihe 義和 430–433 AD
Juqu
Mujian 沮渠牧犍
433–439
AD
Yonghe 永和 433–439 AD Prince Ai 哀王 –
Juqu Wuhui 沮渠無諱
442–444
AD
Chengping 承平 442–443 AD
– –
Qianshou 乾壽 443–444 AD
Juqu
Anzhou 沮渠安周
444–460
AD
Chengping 承平 444–460 AD – –
Southern Yan (南燕)(398–410 AD)[edit]

Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Murong De 慕容德
398–405
AD
Yanwang 燕王 398–400 AD
Emperor
Xianwu 獻武皇帝 Shizong 世宗
Jianping 建平 400–405 AD
Murong
Chao 慕容超
405–410
AD
Taishang 太上 405–410 AD – –
Western Liang (西涼)(400–421 AD)[edit]
Personal
name
Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their corresponding
range of years
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Li
Gao 李暠
400–417
AD
Gengzi 庚子 400–405 AD
Prince Wuzhao 武昭王 Taizu 太祖
Jianchu 建初 406–416 AD
Li
Xin 李歆
417–420
AD
Jiaxing 嘉興 417–420 AD – –
Li
Xun 李恂
420–421
AD
Yongjian 永建 420–421 AD – –
Hu Xia (胡夏)(407–431 AD)[edit]
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Helian
Bobo 赫連勃勃
407–425
AD
Longsheng 龍升 407–413 AD
Emperor
Wulie 武烈皇帝 Shizu 世祖
Fengxiang 鳳翔 413–418 AD
Changwu 昌武 418–419 AD
Zhenxing 真興 419–425 AD

Helian
Chang 赫連昌
425–428
AD
Chengguang 承光 425–428 AD – –
Helian
Ding 赫連定
428–431
AD
Shengguang 勝光 425–428 AD – –
Northern Yan (北燕)(407–436 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Gao
Yun 高雲/慕容雲
407–409
AD
Zhengshi 正始 407–409 AD Emperor Huiyi 惠懿皇帝 –
Feng Ba 馮跋
409–430
AD
Taiping 太平 409–430 AD
Emperor
Wencheng 文成皇帝 Taizu 太祖
Feng
Hong 馮弘
430–436
AD
Daxing 大興 430–436 AD
Emperor
Zhaocheng 昭成皇帝 –
Other sovereignties traditionally not counted among the Sixteen
Kingdoms[edit]
Convention: use personal name
Ran Wei (冉魏 ) (350–352 AD)[edit]
Note: addressed as Wei in traditional texts
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Ran Min 冉閔 350–352 AD Yongxing 永興 350–352 AD
Heavenly King Wudao
or
Emperor Ping
武悼天王
or
平皇帝
Western Yan (西燕 ) (384–394 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding range of
years)
Hao 諡號 )
Murong Hong 慕容泓 384 AD
Yanxing 燕興 384–385 AD Emperor Liewen 烈文皇帝
Murong 慕容沖 384–386

Chong AD
Gengshi 更始 385–386 AD Emperor Wei 威皇帝
Duan Sui 段隨 386 AD Changping 昌平 386 AD –
Murong Yi 慕容顗 386 AD Jianming 建明 386 AD –
Murong Yao 慕容瑤 386 AD Jianping 建平 386 AD –
Murong
Zhong 慕容忠 386 AD Jianwu 建武 386 –
Murong Yong 慕容永
386–394
AD
Zhongxing 中興 386–394 AD –
Western Shu (西蜀 ) (405–413 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding range of years) Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Qiao Zong 譙縱 405–413 AD – –
Tiefu tribe (匈奴鐵弗部) (mid 3rd century–391 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding
range of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Liu Qubei 劉去卑 mid-3rd century – –
Liu
Gaoshengyuan 劉誥升爰
mid-3rd century – late 3rd
century
– –
Liu Hu 劉虎
early 4th century (309?) –
341 AD
– –
Liu Wuheng 劉務恒 341–356 AD – –
Liu Eloutou 劉閼陋頭 356–358 AD – –

Liu Xiwuqi 劉悉勿祈 358–359 AD – –
Liu Weichen 劉衛辰 359–391 AD – –
Yuwen tribe (鮮卑宇文部) (late 3rd century–345 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their
corresponding range of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Yuwen
Mohuai 宇文莫槐 late 3rd century – 293 AD – –
Yuwen Puhui
or
Yuwen Pubo
宇文普回
or
宇文普撥
293 AD – late 3rd century – –
Yuwen
Qiubuqin 宇文丘不勤 late 3rd century – –
Yuwen Mogui 宇文莫圭
late 3rd century (299?) – early 4th
century (302?)
– –
Yuwen
Xiduguan 宇文悉獨官 early 3rd century – –
Yuwen
Qidegui 宇文乞得歸 early 3rd century – 333 AD – –
Yuwen
Yidougui 宇文逸豆歸 333–345 AD – –
Duan tribe (鮮卑段部) (303–338 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding range
of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Duan
Wuwuchen 段務勿塵
303 – 310 or 311
AD
– –
Duan Jilujuan 段疾陸眷
310 or 311 – 318
AD
– –
Duan Shefuchen 段涉復辰 318 AD – –
Duan Pidi 段匹磾 318–321 AD – –
Duan Mopei 段末柸 318–325 AD – –

Duan Ya 段牙 325 AD – –
Duan Liao 段遼 326–338 AD – –
Chouchi (仇池) (296–371 AD, 385–443 AD)[edit]
range of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Former Chouchi (前仇池 ) (296–371 AD)
Yang Teng 楊騰
late 2nd century – early 3rd
century
– –
Yang Ju 楊駒 early 3rd century – –
Yang
Qianwan 楊千萬
early 3rd century – mid-3rd
century
– –
Yang Feilong 楊飛龍
mid-3rd century – late 3rd
century
– –
Yang
Maosou 楊茂搜 late 3rd century – 317 AD – –
Yang Nandi 楊難敵 317–334 AD – –
Yang Yi 楊毅 334–337 AD – –
Yang Chu 楊初 337–355 AD – –
Yang Guo 楊國 355–356 AD – –
Yang Jun 楊俊 356–360 AD – –
Yang Shi 楊世 360–370 AD – –

Yang Cuan 楊篡 370–371 AD – –
Later Chouchi (後仇池 ) (385–473 AD)
Yang Ding 楊定 385–394 AD – King Wǔ 武王
Yang Sheng 楊盛 394–425 AD – King Huìwén 惠文王
Yang Xuan 楊玄 425–429 AD – King Xiàozhāo 孝昭王
Yang
Baozong 楊保宗 429 and 443 AD – –
Yang
Nandang
楊難當 429–441 AD Jianyi 建義 436–440 AD –
Yang Baochi 楊保熾 442–443 AD – –
Yang Wende 楊文德 443–454 AD – –
Yang
Yuanhe 楊元和 455–466 AD – –
Yang Sengsi 楊僧嗣 466–473 AD – –
Wuxing (武興) (473–506 AD, 534–555 AD)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their corresponding range
of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Yang Wendu 楊文度 473–477 AD – –
Yang
Wenhong 楊文弘 477–482 AD – –
Yang Houqi 楊後起 482–486 AD – –

Yang Jishi 楊集始 482–503 AD – King An 安王
Yang
Shaoxian 楊紹先
503–506 AD, 534–535
AD
– –
Yang Zhihui1
楊智慧 535–545 AD – –
Yang Bixie1
楊辟邪 545–553 AD – –
1 — Yang Zhihui and Yang Bixie could be the same person.
Yinping (陰平 ) (477 AD–mid-6th century)[edit]
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their corresponding range of
years)
Hao 諡號 )
Yang
Guangxiang 楊廣香 477–483? – –
Yang Jiong 楊炯 483–495 AD – –
Yang Chongzu 楊崇祖
495-before 502
AD
– –
Yang Mengsun 楊孟孫
before 502–511
AD
– –
Yang Ding 楊定 511- ? – –
Tuoba tribe (鮮卑拓拔部) (219–376 AD) & Dai (代 ) (310–376 AD)[edit]
range of years)
Hao 諡號 )
Tuoba Liwei3
拓拔力微 219–277 AD –
Emperor
Shényuán 神元皇帝
Tuoba Xilu 拓拔悉鹿 277–286 AD – Emperor Zhāng 章皇帝

Tuoba Chuo 拓拔綽 286–293 AD – Emperor Píng 平皇帝
Tuoba Fu 拓拔弗 293–294 AD – Emperor Sī 思皇帝
Tuoba
Luguan 拓拔祿官 294–307 AD – Emperor Zhāo 昭皇帝
Tuoba Yituo 拓拔猗㐌 295–305 AD – Emperor Huán 桓皇帝
Tuoba Yilu 拓拔猗盧 295–316 AD – Emperor Mù 穆皇帝
Tuoba Liugen 拓跋六根 316 AD – –
Tuoba Pugen 拓拔普根 316 AD – –
Tuoba
Shisheng 拓跋始生 316 AD – –
Tuoba Yulü 拓拔鬱律 316–321 AD – Emperor Píngwén 平文皇帝
Tuoba Heru 拓拔賀傉 321–325 AD – Emperor Huì 惠皇帝
Tuoba Hena 拓拔紇那
325–329 AD and 335–
337 AD
– Emperor Yáng 煬皇帝
Tuoba Yihuai 拓拔翳槐
329–335 AD and 337–
338 AD
– Emperor Liè 烈皇帝
Tuoba
Shiyijian 拓拔什翼健 338–376 AD Jianguo 建國 338–376 AD
Emperor
Zhāochéng 昭成皇帝
1 — All chieftains were revered as emperors in Weishu and Beishi which they never were. They were denoted here as king (wáng) (王) which was inherited by all successors
of Tuoba Yi Lu.
2 — The Tuoba clan was the ruling family of Northern Wei dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui. Hence the Table of Northern Wei dynasty will start with him, not as a
continuation of this table.
3 — Tuoba Liwei had the temple name Shizu (始祖). He was the only chieftain before Tuoba Gui revered with a temple name

Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝) (386–589
AD)[edit]
Main article: Northern and Southern dynasties
Northern dynasties (北朝)(386–581 AD)[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of China's Northern Dynasties.
Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name
Northern Wei (北魏) (386–535 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Daowu of
Northern Wei
Tuoba Gui 拓拔珪
386–
409
Dengguo 登國
386–
396
Emperor
Daowu 道武皇帝
Huangsh 皇始
396–
398
Tianxing 天興
398–
404
Tianci 天賜
404–
409
Emperor Mingyuan of
Northern Wei
Tuoba Si 拓拔嗣
409–
423
Yongxing 永興
409–
413
Emperor
Mingyuan 明元皇帝
Shenrui 神瑞
414–
416
Taichang 泰常
416–
423
Emperor Taiwu of
Northern Wei
Tuoba Tao 拓拔燾
424–
452
Shiguang 始光
424–
428
Emperor Taiwu 太武皇帝
Shenjia 神䴥
428–
431
Yanhe 延和
432–
434

Taiyan 太延
435–
440
Taipingzhenjun 太平真君
440–
451
Zhengping 正平
451–
452
Tuoba Yu Tuoba Yu 拓拔余 452 Chengping 承平 452 Prince Yin 隱王
Emperor Wencheng
of Northern Wei
Tuoba Jun 拓拔濬
452–
465
Xingan 興安
452–
454
Emperor
Wencheng 文成皇帝
Xingguang 興光
454–
455
Tai'an 太安
455–
459
Heping 和平
460–
465
Emperor Xianwen of
Northern Wei
Tuoba Hong 拓拔弘
466–
471
Tian'an 天安
466–
467
Emperor
Xianwen 獻文皇帝
Huangxing 皇興
467–
471
Emperor Xiaowen of
Northern Wei
Yuan1 Hong
(Tuoba Hong)
元宏
(拓跋宏)
471–
499
Yanxing 延興
471–
476
Emperor
Xiaowen 孝文皇帝
Chengming 承明 476
Taihe 太和
477–
499
Emperor Xuanwu of
Northern Wei
Yuan Ke 元恪
499–
515
Jingming 景明
500–
503
Emperor
Xuanwu 宣武皇帝

Zhengshi 正始
504–
508
Yongping 永平
508–
512
Yanchang 延昌
512–
515
Emperor Xiaoming of
Northern Wei
Yuan Xu 元詡
516–
528
Xiping 熙平
516–
518
Emperor
Xiaoming 孝明皇帝
Shengui 神龜
518–
520
Zhengguang 正光
520–
525
Xiaochang 孝昌
525–
527
Wutai 武泰 528
Yuan Zhao Yuan Zhao 元釗 528 – –
Emperor Xiaozhuang
of Northern Wei
Yuan Ziyou 元子攸
528–
530
Jianyi 建義 528
Emperor
Xiaozhuang 孝莊皇帝
Yong'an 永安
528–
530
Yuan Ye Yuan Ye 元曄
530–
531
Jianming (建明) 530–
531
建明
530–
531
–
Emperor Jiemin of
Northern Wei
Yuan Gong 元恭
531–
532 Putai (普泰) 531–532 普泰
531–
532
Emperor
Jiemin 節閔皇帝
Yuan Lang Yuan Lang 元朗
531–
532
Zhongxing (中興) 531–
532
中興
531–
532
–

Emperor Xiaowu of
Northern Wei
Yuan Xiu 元脩
532–
535
Taichang 太昌 532
Emperor
Xiaowu 孝武皇帝
Yongxing 永興 532
Yongxi 永熙
532–
535
1 – The Tuoba family changed their family name to 元 (yuán) during the reign of the Emperor Xiaowen in 496 so that is reflected in the table as well.
Eastern Wei (東魏 ) (534–550 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Xiaojing of
Eastern Wei
Yuan
Shanjian 元善見
534–
550
Tianping 天平 534–537
Emperor
Xiaojing 孝靜皇帝
Yuanxiang 元象 538–539
Xinghe 興和 539–542
Wuding 武定 543–550
Western Wei (西魏) (535–557 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Wen of Western
Wei
Yuan
Baoju 元寶炬
535–
551
Datong 大統 535–551 Emperor Wen 文皇帝
Emperor Fei of Western Wei Yuan Qin 元欽
552–
554
– –
Emperor Gong of Western
Wei
Tuoba
Kuo 拓拔廓
554–
557
– Emperor Gong 恭皇帝
Northern Qi (北齊) (550–577 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reigns Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
Hao 諡號 )

Emperor Wenxuan of
Northern Qi
Gao
Yang 高洋 550–559 Tianbao 天保 550–559
Emperor
Wenxuan 文宣皇帝
Emperor Fei of Northern
Qi
Gao Yin 高殷 559–560 Qianming 乾明 560 –
Emperor Xiaozhao of
Northern Qi
Gao Yan 高演 560–561 Huangjian 皇建 560–561
Emperor
Xiaozhao 孝昭皇帝
Emperor Wucheng of
Northern Qi
Gao
Zhan 高湛 561–565
Taining 太寧 561–562
Emperor
Wucheng 武成皇帝
Heqing 河清 562–565
Gao Wei Gao Wei 高緯 565–577
Tiantong 天統 565–569
–
Wuping 武平 570–576
Longhua 隆化 576
Gao Heng
Gao
Heng 高恆 577 Chengguang 承光 577 –
Gao Shaoyi
Gao
Shaoyi 高紹義
577–
579?
– –
Northern Zhou (北周) (557–581 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reigns Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Xiaomin of
Northern Zhou
Yuwen
Jue 宇文覺 557 –
Emperor
Xiaomin 孝閔皇帝
Emperor Ming of Northern
Zhou
Yuwen Yu 宇文毓
557–
560
Wucheng 武成 559–560
Emperor Ming
or
Emperor
Xiaoming
明皇帝
or
孝明皇帝
Emperor Wu of Northern
Zhou
Yuwen
Yong 宇文邕
561–
578
Baoding 保定 560–565
Emperor Wu 武皇帝
Tianhe 天和 566–572
Jiande 建德 572–578

Xuanzheng 宣政 578
Emperor Xuan of Northern
Zhou
Yuwen
Yun 宇文贇
578–
579
Dacheng 大成 579 Emperor Xuan 宣皇帝
Emperor Jing of Northern
Zhou
Yuwen
Chan 宇文闡
579–
581
Daxiang 大象 579–581
Emperor Jing 靜皇帝
Dading 大定 581
Southern dynasties (南朝)(420–589 AD)[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of China's Southern Dynasties.
Chinese convention: use dynasty name + posthumous name
Liu Song (劉宋) (420–479 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Wu of Liu Song Liu Yu 劉裕
420–
422
Yongchu 永初 420–422 Emperor Wu 武皇帝
Emperor Shao of Liu Song Liu Yifu 劉義符
423–
424
Jingping 景平 423–424 –
Emperor Wen of Liu Song
Liu
Yilong 劉義隆
424–
453
Yuanjia 元嘉 424–453 Emperor Wen 文皇帝
Emperor Xiaowu of Liu
Song
Liu Jun 劉駿
454–
464
Xiaojian 元嘉 454–456
Emperor
Xiaowu 孝武皇帝
Daming 大明 457–464
Emperor Qianfei of Liu
Song
Liu Ziye 劉子業 465
Yongguang 永光 465
–
Jinghe 景和 465
Emperor Ming of Liu Song Liu Yu 劉彧
465–
472
Taishi 泰始 465–471
Emperor Ming 明皇帝
Taiyu 泰豫 472
Emperor Houfei of Liu
Song
Liu Yu 劉昱
473–
477
Yuanhui 元徽 473–477 Prince Cangwu 蒼梧王
Emperor Shun of Liu Song Liu Zhun 劉準
477–
479
Shengming 昇明 477–479 Emperor Shun 順皇帝

Southern Qi (南齊 ) (479–502 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Gao of Southern
Qi
Xiao
Daocheng 蕭道成
479–
482
Jianyuan 建元 479–482 Emperor Gao 高皇帝
Emperor Wu of Southern
Qi
Xiao Ze 蕭賾
482–
493
Yongming 永明 483–493 Emperor Wu 武皇帝
Xiao Zhaoye Xiao Zhaoye 蕭昭業
493–
494
Longchang 隆昌 494 –
Xiao Zhaowen
Xiao
Zhaowen 蕭昭文 494 Yanxing 延興 494 Prince Gong 恭王
Emperor Ming of Southern
Qi
Xiao Luan 蕭鸞
494–
498
Jianwu 建武 494–498
Emperor Ming 明皇帝
Yongtai 永泰 498
Xiao Baojuan
Xiao
Baojuan 蕭寶卷
499–
501
Yongyuan 永元 499–501 Marquess Yang 煬侯
Emperor He of Southern
Qi
Xiao
Baorong 蕭寶融
501–
502
Zhongxing 中興 501–502 Emperor He 和皇帝
Liang dynasty (梁朝 ) (502–557 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Wu of Liang Xiao Yan 蕭衍
502–
549
Tianjian 天監 502–519
Putong 普通 520–527
Datong 大通 527–529
Zhongdatong 中大通 529–534

Datong 大同 535–546
Zhongdatong 中大同 546–547
Taiqing 太清 547–549
Emperor Jianwen of
Liang
Xiao Gang 蕭綱
549–
551
Dabao 大寶 550–551
Emperor
Jianwen 簡文皇帝
Xiao Dong Xiao Dong 蕭棟
551–
552
Tianzheng 天正 551–552 –
Emperor Yuan of Liang Xiao Yi 蕭繹
552–
555
Chengsheng 承聖 552–555
Emperor
Xiaoyuan 孝元皇帝
Xiao Yuanming
Xiao
Yuanming 蕭淵明 555 Tiancheng 天成 555 Emperor Min 閔皇帝
Emperor Jing of Liang Xiao Fangzhi 蕭方智
555–
557
Shaotai 紹泰 555–556
Emperor Jing 敬皇帝
Taiping 太平 556–557
Western Liang (西梁 ) (555–587 AD)
Emperor Xuan of
Western Liang
Xiao Cha 蕭詧
555–
562
Dading 大定 555–562 Emperor Xuan 宣皇帝
Emperor Ming of
Western Liang
Xiao Kui 蕭巋
562–
585
Tianbao 天保 562–585
Emperor
Xiaoming 孝明皇帝
Emperor Jing of Western
Liang
Xiao Cong 蕭琮
585–
587
Guangyun 廣運 562–585
Emperor
Xiaojing 孝靖皇帝
Chen dynasty (陳朝 ) (557–589 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )

Emperor Wu of Chen
Chen
Baxian 陳霸先
557–
559
Yongding 永定 557–559 Emperor Wu 武皇帝
Emperor Wen of Chen Chen Qian 陳蒨
559–
566
Tianjia 天嘉 560–566
Emperor Wen 文皇帝
Tiankang 天康 566
Emperor Fei of Chen
Chen
Bozong 陳伯宗
566–
568
Guangda 光大 566–568 –
Emperor Xuan of Chen Chen Xu 陳頊
569–
582
Taijian 太建 569–582
Emperor
Xiaoxuan 孝宣皇帝
Chen Shubao
Chen
Shubao 陳叔寶
583–
589
Zhide 至德 583–586
–
Zhenming 禎明 587–589
Sui dynasty (隋朝) (581–619 AD)[edit]
Main article: Sui dynasty
See also: Sui emperors family tree
Chinese convention: use "Sui" + posthumous name
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and
lifespan)
Hao 諡號 )
Emperor Wen of Sui Yáng Jiān 楊堅
4 March 581 - 13
August 604 AD
Kāihuáng 開皇
Emperor Wen 文皇帝
Rénshòu 仁壽
21 July 541 - 13
August 604
Emperor Yang of Sui
Yáng
Guǎng 楊廣 605–617 Dàyè 大業 605–617
Emperor
Yang 煬皇帝
Yang You1 Yáng Yòu 楊侑 617–618 Yìníng 義寧 617–618
Emperor
Gong 恭皇帝

Yang Hao2 Yáng Hào 楊浩 618
Huángtài 皇泰 618–619
–
Yang Tong3
Yáng
Tóng 楊侗 618–619
Emperor
Gong 恭皇帝
1 — Declared emperor by Li Yuan (the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang), implying a retirement for Emperor Yang (whom he "honoured" as Taishang Huang, or retired
emperor) at the western capital Daxing (Chang'an), but only the commanderies under Li's control recognized this change; for the other commanderies under Sui control,
Emperor Yang was still regarded as emperor, not as retired emperor. Now generally regarded as a legitimate emperor, due to his recognition by Li Yuan.
2 — Declared emperor by Yuwen Huaji, the general under whose leadership the plot to kill Emperor Yang was carried out, but killed by him later in 618; Yuwen Huaji then
declared himself emperor of a brief Xu (許) state. As Yang Hao was completely under Yuwen's control and only "reigned" briefly, he is not usually regarded as a legitimate
emperor.
3 — After news of Emperor Yang's death in 618 reached Daxing and the eastern capital Luoyang, Li Yuan deposed Emperor Gong and took the throne himself,
establishing Tang dynasty, but the Sui officials at Luoyang declared Emperor Gong's brother Yang Tong (later also known as Emperor Gong) emperor. The legitimacy of his
reign is disputed.
Tang dynasty (唐朝) (618–690 AD, 705–907 AD)[edit]
Main article: Tang dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of the Tang dynasty.
Chinese convention: use "Tang" + temple name (except for Emperor Shang and
Emperor Ai; Emperor Xuanzong (唐玄宗) is sometimes referred as Emperor Ming of
Tang Dynasty (唐明皇))
Name by
which
most
commonly
known
Personal name
Reig
n
Era names (Nian
Hao 年號 ) (and the
corresponding range of
years)
Temple name
(Miao Hao 庙号)
Emperor
Gaozu of
Tang
Lǐ Yuān 李渊
618–
626
Wude
武
德
618
–
626
Emperor
Shenyao
Dasheng
Daguang
Xiao
神堯大聖大光孝皇帝 Gaozu
高
祖
Emperor
Taizong of
Tang
Lǐ Shìmín
李世
民
627–
649
Zhenguan
貞
觀
627
–
649
Emperor
Wenwu
Dasheng
Daguang
Xiao
文武大聖大廣孝皇帝 Taizong
太
宗
Emperor
Gaozong
of Tang
Lǐ Zhì 李治
650–
683
Yonghui
永
徽
650
–
655 Emperor
Tianhuang
Dasheng
Dahong
Xiao
天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝 Gaozong 高
宗
Xianqing
顯
慶
656
–
661

Longshuo
龍
朔
661
–
663
Linde
麟
德
664
–
665
Qianfeng
乾
封
666
–
668
Zongzhang 總
章
668
–
670
Xianheng
咸
亨
670
–
674
Shangyuan
上
元
674
–
676
Yifeng
儀
鳳
676
–
679
Tiaolu 調
露
679
–
680
Yonglong
永
隆
680
–
681
Kaiyao
開
耀
681
–
682
Yongchun
永
淳
682
–
683
Hongdao
弘
道
683

Emperor
Zhongzon
g of China
Li Xian
or
Li Zhe
李显
or
李哲
684
and
705–
710
Sisheng
嗣
聖
684
Emperor
Dahe
Dasheng
Dazhao
Xiao
大和大聖大昭孝皇帝
Zhongzon
g
中
宗
Shenlong
神
龍
705
–
707
Jinglong
景
龍
707
–
710
Emperor
Ruizong of
Tang
Li Dan 李旦
684–
690
and
710–
712
Wenming 文
明
684
–
690
Emperor
Xuanzhen
Dasheng
Daxing
Xiao
玄真大聖大興孝皇帝 Ruizong 睿
宗
Jingyun
景
雲
710
–
711
Taiji
太
極
712
Yanhe
延
和
712
Interregnum (690–705)
Emperor
Shang of
Tang
Li
Chongma
o
李重
茂
710 Tanglong 唐
隆
710
Emperor
Shang 殤皇帝 –
Emperor
Xuanzong
of Tang
Li Longji
李隆
基
712–
756
Xiantian
先
天
712
–
713
Emperor
Zhidao
Dasheng
Daming
Xiao
至道大聖大明孝皇帝 Xuanzong
玄
宗
Kaiyuan
開
元
713
–
741
Tianbao
天
寶
742
–
756
Emperor
Suzong of
Tang
Li Heng 李亨
756–
762
Jide 至
德
756
–
758 Emperor
Wenming
Wude
Dasheng
Daxuan
Xiao
文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝 Suzong
肅
宗
Qianyuan
乾
元
758
–
760
Shangyuan
上
元
760
–
761
Emperor
Daizong of
Tang
Li Yu 李豫
762–
779
Baoying
寶
應
762
–
763
Emperor
Ruiwen
Xiaowu
睿文孝武皇帝 Daizong
代
宗
Guangde 廣
德
763
–
764
Yongtai
永
泰
765
–
766
Dali
大
曆
766
–
779
Emperor
Dezong of
Tang
Li Gua 李适
780–
805
Jianzhong
建
中
780
–
783
Emperor
Shenwu
Xiaowen
神武孝文皇帝 Dezong 德
宗
Xingyuan 興
元
784
Zhenyuan
貞
元
785
–
805
Emperor
Shunzong
of Tang
Li Song 李誦 805 Yongzhen 永
貞
805
Emperor
Zhide
Hongdao
Dasheng
至德弘道大聖大安孝皇帝 Shunzong 順
宗

Da'an
Xiao
Emperor
Xianzong
of Tang
Li Chun 李純
806–
820
Yuanhe
元
和
806
–
820
Emperor
Zhaowen
Zhangwu
Dasheng
Zhishen
Xiao
昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝 Xianzong
憲
宗
Emperor
Muzong of
Tang
Li Heng 李恆
821–
824
Changqing
長
慶
821
–
824
Emperor
Ruisheng
Wenhui
Xiao
睿聖文惠孝皇帝 Muzong
穆
宗
Emperor
Jingzong
of Tang
Li Zhan 李湛
824–
826
Baoli 寶
曆
824
–
826
Emperor
Ruiwu
Zhaomin
Xiao
睿武昭愍孝皇帝 Jingzong
敬
宗
Emperor
Wenzong
of Tang
Li Ang 李昂
826–
840
Emperor
Yuanshen
g
Zhaoxian
Xiao
元聖昭獻孝皇帝 Wenzong
文
宗
Dahe
or
Taihe
大
和
or
太
和
827
–
835
Kaicheng
開
成
836
–
840
Emperor
Wuzong of
Tang
Li Yan 李炎
840–
846
Huichang 會
昌
841
–
846
Emperor
Zhidao
Zhaosu
Xiao
至道昭肅孝皇帝 Wuzong 武
宗
Emperor
Xuanzong
of Tang
Li Chen 李忱
846–
859
Dachong
大
中
847
–
859
Emperor
Yuanshen
g Zhiming
Chengwu
Xianwen
Ruizhi
Zhangren
Shencong
Yidao
Daxiao
元聖至明成武獻文睿智章仁神聰懿道大孝皇
帝
Xuanzong
宣
宗
Emperor
Yizong of
Tang
Li Cui 李漼
859–
873
Emperor
Zhaosheng
Gonghui
Xiao
昭聖恭惠孝皇帝 Yizong
懿
宗
Xiantong
咸
通
860
–
874
Emperor
Xizong of
Tang
Li Xuan 李儇
873–
888
Emperor
Huisheng
Gongding
Xiao
惠聖恭定孝皇帝 Xizong 僖
宗
Qianfu 乾
符
874
–
879
Guangmin
g
廣
明
880
–
881
Zhonghe
中
和
881
–
885
Guangqi
光
啟
885
–
888
Wende 文
德
888
Emperor
Zhaozong
Li Ye 李曄
888–
904
Longji
龍
紀
889
Emperor
Shengmu 聖穆景文孝皇帝 Zhaozong
昭
宗

of Tang
Dashun
大
順
890
–
891
Jingwen
Xiao
Jingfu
景
福
892
–
893
Qianning
乾
寧
894
–
898
Guanghua 光
化
898
–
901
Tianfu
天
復
901
–
904
Tianyou
天
佑
904
Emperor
Ai of Tang
Li Zhu 李柷
904–
907
Tianyou
天
佑
904
–
907
Emperor
Ai
or
Emperor
Zhaoxuan
Guanglie
Xiao
哀皇帝
or
昭宣光烈孝皇帝
Jingzong
景
宗
Wu Zhou (武周)(690–705 AD)[edit]
Name by
which
most
commonly
known
Personal
Name
Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and
their corresponding range of years
Regnal name (Zun Hao 尊號 )
Hao 諡號 )
Temple
name
(Miao
Hao 廟號)
Wu
Zetian
Wǔ
Zhào
武曌
690–
705
Tianshou 天授
690–
692
Empress
Regnant
Tiance
Jinlun
Shengshen
天冊金輪聖神皇帝
Empress
Consort
Zetian
Shunsheng1
則天順聖皇后1 –
Ruyi 如意 692
Changshou 長壽
692–
694
Yanzai 延載 694
Zhengsheng 證聖 695
Tiancewansui 天冊萬歲
695–
696
Wansuidengfeng 萬歲登封 696

Wansuitongtian 萬歲通天
696–
697
Shengong 神功 697
Shengli 聖曆
698–
700
Jiushi 久視 700
Dazu 大足 701
Chang'an 長安
701–
705
1 — While Wu Zetian was empress regnant from 690 to 705, she was posthumously honored as empress consort of the Emperor Gaozong of Tang.
Huang Qi (黃齊)(881–884 AD)[edit]
Name by which most
commonly known
Personal Name Reign Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and their corresponding
range of years
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Huang Chao
Huang
Chao 黃巢
881–
884
Wángbà 王霸 878–880
–
Jīntǒng 金統 881–884
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國) (907–979
AD)[edit]
Main article: Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Five Dynasties (五代)(907–960 AD)[edit]
Chinese convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name
Later Liang (後梁 ) (907–923 AD)[edit]
Personal
Name
Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )

Zhū Wēn 朱溫
907–
912
Emperor Shenwu
Yuansheng Xiao
神武元聖孝皇帝
Kaīpíng 開平 907–911
Taizu 太祖
Qiánhuà 乾化 911–912
Zhu
Yougui 朱友珪
912–
913
–
–
Fengli 鳳曆 913
Zhū Zhèn 朱瑱
913–
923
–
–
Zhēnmíng 貞明 915–921
Lóngdé 龍德 921–923
Later Tang (後唐 ) (923–937 AD)[edit]
Personal Name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Lǐ Cúnxù 李存勗
923–
926
Emperor
Guangsheng
Shenmin Xiao
光聖神閔孝皇帝 Tongguang 同光 923–926 Zhuangzong 莊宗
Lǐ Sìyuán
or
Lǐ Dǎn
李嗣源
or
李亶
926–
933
Emperor Shengde
Hewu Qinxiao 聖德和武欽孝皇帝
Tiancheng 天成 926–930
Mingzong 明宗
Changxing 長興 930–933
Lǐ
Cónghòu 李從厚
933–
934
Emperor Min 閔皇帝 Yingshun 應順 933–934 –
Lǐ
Cóngkē 李從珂
934–
937
– Qingtai 清泰 934–936 –
Later Jin (後晉) (936–947 AD)[edit]
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Shi
Jingtang 石敬瑭
936–
942
Emperor Shengwen
Zhangwu Mingde Xiao 聖文章武明德孝皇帝
Tianfu 天福 936–944
Gaozu 高祖
Shi 石重貴 942– Emperor Chu 出皇帝 –

Chonggui 947
Kaiyun 開運 944–947
Later Han (後漢 ) (947–951 AD)[edit]
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Liu
Zhiyuan 劉知遠
947–
948
Emperor Ruiwen
Shengwu Zhaosu
Xiao
睿文聖武昭肅孝皇帝 Tianfu 天福 947 Gaozu 高祖
Liu
Chengyou 劉承祐
948–
951
Emperor Yin 隱皇帝 Qianyou 乾祐 948–951 –
Later Zhou (後周 ) (951–960 AD)[edit]
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Guo Wei 郭威
951–
954
Emperor Shengshen
Gongsu Wenwu Xiao 聖神恭肅文武孝皇帝 Guangshun 廣順 951–954 Taizu 太祖
Chai Rong 柴榮
954–
959
Emperor Ruiwu
Xiaowen 睿武孝文皇帝
Xiande 顯德 954–960
Shizong 世宗
Chai
Zongxun 柴宗訓
959–
960
Emperor Gong 恭皇帝 –
Ten Kingdoms (十國)(907–979 AD)[edit]
Chinese convention: use personal names, noted otherwise
Former Shu (前蜀 ) (907–925 AD)[edit]
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Wang Jian 王建
907–
918
Emperor Shenwu
Shengwen Xiaode
Minghui
神武圣文孝德明惠皇帝
Tianfu 天復 907
Gaozu 高祖
Wucheng 武成 908–910
Yongping 永平 911–915

Tongzheng 通正 916
Tianhan 天漢 917
Guangtian 光天 918
Wang
Zongyan 王宗衍
918–
925
–
Qiande 乾德 918–925
–
Xiankang 咸康 925
Yang Wu (楊吳) (907–937 AD)[edit]
Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Yang
Xingmi 楊行密
904–
905
Tianyou 天祐 904–919
Taizu 太祖
Yang Wo 楊渥
905–
908
Emperor Jing 景皇帝 Liezong 烈宗
Yang
Longyan 楊隆演
908–
921
Emperor Xuan 宣皇帝 Gaozu 高祖
Wuyi 武義 919–921
Yang Pu 楊溥
921–
937
Emperor Rui 睿皇帝
Shunyi 順義 921–927
–
Qianzhen 乾貞 927–929
Dahe 大和 929–935
Tianzuo 天祚 935–937
Ma Chu (馬楚) (907–951 AD)[edit]
Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )

Ma Yin 馬殷
897–
930
King Wumu 武穆王 – –
Ma
Xisheng 馬希聲
930–
932
– – –
Ma Xifan 馬希範
932–
947
King Wenzhao 文昭王 – –
Ma
Xiguang 馬希廣
947–
950
– – –
Ma Xi'e 馬希萼 950 King Gongxiao 恭孝王 – –
Ma
Xichong 馬希崇
950–
951
– – –
Wuyue (吳越) (907–978 AD)[edit]
Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Qian Liu 錢鏐
904–
932
King Wusu 武肅王
Tianbao 天寶 908–923
Taizu 太祖
Baoda 寶大 923–925
Baozheng 寶正 925–932
Qian Yuanguan 錢元瓘
932–
941
King Wenmu 文穆王 – Shizong 世宗
Qian Hongzuo 錢弘佐
941–
947
King
Zhongxian 忠獻王 – Chengzong 成宗
Qian Hongzong 錢弘倧 947 King Zhongxun 忠遜王 – –
Qian Chu (Qian
Hongchu)
錢俶
(錢弘俶)
947–
978
King Zhongyi 忠懿王 – –
Min (閩 ) (909–945 AD) & Yin (殷 ) (943–945 AD)[edit]

and their corresponding range
of years
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Wang
Shenzhi 王審知
909–
925
Emperor Zhaowu
Xiao 昭武孝皇帝 – Taizu 太祖
Wang
Yanhan 王延翰
925–
926
– – –
Wang
Yanjun 王延鈞
926–
935
Emperor Qisu
Mingxiao 齊肅明孝皇帝
Longqi 龍啟
933–
935
Huizong 惠宗
Yonghe 永和 935
Wang
Jipeng 王繼鵬
935–
939
Emperor Shengshen
Yingrui Wenming
Guangwu Yingdao
Dahong Xiao
聖神英睿文明廣武應道大弘孝皇帝 Tongwen 通文
936–
939
Kangzong 康宗
Wang
Yanxi 王延羲
939–
944
Emperor Ruiwen
Guangwu
Mingsheng Yuande
Longdao Daxiao
睿文廣武明聖元德隆道大孝皇帝 Yonglong 永隆
939–
944
Jingzong 景宗
Wang
Yanzheng 王延政
943–
945
Prince Gongyi 恭懿王 Tiande 天德
943–
945
–
Southern Han (南漢 ) (917–971 AD)[edit]
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Liú Yán
or
Liú Yǎn
劉巖
or
劉龑
917–
925
Emperor Tianhuang Da 天皇大帝
Qiánhēng 乾亨 917–925
Gaozu 高祖
Báilóng 白龍 925–928
Dàyǒu 大有 928–941
Liú Bīn 劉玢
941–
943
Emperor Shang 殤皇帝 Guāngtiān 光天 941–943 –
Liú
Shèng 劉晟
943–
958
Emperor Wenwu
Guangsheng Mingxiao 文武光圣明孝皇帝
Yìngqián 應乾 943
Zhongzong 中宗
Qiánhé 乾和 943–958
Liú
Chǎng 劉鋹
958–
971
– Dàbǎo 大寶 958–971 –
Jingnan (荊南) (924–963 AD)[edit]

Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Gao Jixing 高季興
909–
928
King Wuxin 武信王 – –
Gao
Conghui 高從誨
928–
948
King Wenxian 文獻王 – –
Gao
Baorong 高寶融
948–
960
King Zhenyi 貞懿王 – –
Gao Baoxu 高寶勗
960–
962
– – –
Gao
Jichong 高繼沖
962–
963
– – –
Later Shu (後蜀 ) (934–965 AD)[edit]
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Meng
Zhixiang 孟知祥 934
Emperor Wenwu
Shengde Yinglie
Mingxiao
文武聖德英烈明孝皇帝 Mingde 明德 934–938 Gaozu 高祖
Meng
Chang 孟昶
938–
965
Prince Gongxiao 恭孝王 Guangzheng 廣政 938–965 –
Southern Tang (南唐 ) (937–976 AD)[edit]
Chinese convention for this dynasty only: Use Nan (Southern) Tang + "Qianzhu" (lit.
"first lord"), "Zhongzhu" (lit. "middle lord") or "Houzhu" (lit. "last lord").
Personal
Name
Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Li
Bian 李昪
937–
943
Emperor Guangwen
Suwu Xiaogao 光文肅武孝高皇帝 Shengyuan 昇元 937–943 Liezu 烈祖
Li
李璟
943– Emperor Mingdao
明道崇德文宣孝皇帝 Baoda 保大 943–958 Yuanzong 元宗

Jing 961 Chongde Wenxuan Xiao
Jiaotai 交泰 958
Zhongxing 中興 958
Li Yu 李煜
961–
976
– – –
Northern Han (北漢) (951–979 AD)[edit]
Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Liu Min 劉旻
951–
954
Emperor
Shenwu 神武皇帝
Qianyou 乾祐 951–957
Shizu 世祖
Liu
Chengjun 劉承鈞
954–
968
Emperor
Xiaohe 孝和皇帝 Ruizong 睿宗
Tianhui 天會 957–968
Liu Ji'en 劉繼恩 970 – – –
Liu Jiyuan 劉繼元
970–
982
Emperor
Yingwu 英武皇帝 Guangyun 廣運 970–982 –
Independent regimes during Ten Kingdoms[edit]
(local independent regimes during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period traditionally
not counted in the Ten Kingdoms)
Qingyuan Jiedushi (清源節度使) (949–978 AD)[edit]
Personal name Name of posts Period on post
Liu Congxiao 留從效 Commander-in-Chief of Quanzhang 泉漳都指揮使 945–962
Liu Shaozi 留紹鎡 Regent of Quanzhang 泉漳留守 962
Zhang Hansi 張漢思 Military Commissioner of Quanzhang 泉漳節度使 962–963

Chen Hongjin 陳洪進 963–978
Wuping Jiedushi (武平節度使) (950–963 AD)[edit]
Personal name Name of posts Period on post
Liu Yan 劉言
Military Commissioner of Wuping 武平節度使
950–953
Wang Kui
or
Wang Jinkui
王逵
or
王進逵
953–956
Zhou Xingfeng 周行逢
Military Commissioner of Hunan 湖南節度使
956–962
Zhou Baoquan 周保權 962–963
Liao dynasty (遼朝) (916–1125 AD)[edit]
Main article: Liao dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of the Liao dynasty.
Chinese convention: use "Liao" + temple name except Liao Tianzuodi who is referred
using "Liao" + regnal name
Name by
which most
commonly
known
Personal name Reign Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
(and their corresponding
range of years)
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Emperor
Taizu of
Liao
Yēlǜ
Ābǎojī 耶律阿保機
916–
926
Emperor
Dasheng
Daming
Shenlie Tian
大聖大明神烈天皇帝
Shence 神冊
916–
922
Taizu 太祖
Tianzan 天贊
922–
926
Tianxian 天顯 926
Emperor
Taizong of
Liao
Yēlǜ
Déguāng 耶律德光
926–
947
Emperor
Xiaowu
Huiwen
孝武惠文皇帝
Tianxian 天顯
927–
938
Taizong 太宗
Huitong 會同
938–
947

Datong 大同 947
Emperor
Shizong of
Liao
Yēlǜ
Ruǎn 耶律阮
947–
951
Emperor
Xiaohe
Zhuangxian
孝和莊憲皇帝 Tianlu 天祿
947–
951
Shizong 世宗
Emperor
Muzong of
Liao
Yēlǜ Jǐng 耶律璟
951–
969
Emperor
Xiao'an
Jingzheng
孝安敬正皇帝 Yingli 應曆
951–
969
Muzong 穆宗
Emperor
Jingzong of
Liao
Yēlǜ Xián 耶律賢
969–
982
Emperor
Xiaocheng
Kangjing
孝成康靖皇帝
Baoning 保寧
969–
979
Jingzong 景宗
Qianheng 乾亨
979–
982
Emperor
Shengzong
of Liao
Yēlǜ
Lóngxù 耶律隆緒
982–
1031
Emperor
Wenwu
Daxiao Xuan
文武大孝宣皇帝
Qianheng 乾亨 982
Shengzong 聖宗
Tonghe 統和
983–
1012
Kaitai 開泰
1012–
1021
Taiping 太平
1021–
1031
Emperor
Xingzong
Liao
Yēlǜ
Zōngzhēn 耶律宗真
1031–
1055
Emperor
Shensheng
Xiaozhang
神聖孝章皇帝
Jingfu 景福
1031–
1032
Xingzong 興宗
Chongxi 重熙
1032–
1055
Emperor
Daozong of
Liao
Yēlǜ
Hóngjī 耶律洪基
1055–
1101
Emperor
Rensheng
Daxiao Wen
仁聖大孝文皇帝
Qingning 清寧
1055–
1064
Daozong 道宗
Xianyong 咸雍
1065–
1074
Taikang
or
太康
or
大康
1075–
1084

Dakang
Da'an 大安
1085–
1094
Shouchang
or
Shoulong
壽昌
or
壽隆
1095–
1101
Emperor
Tianzuo of
Liao1
Yēlǜ
Yánxǐ 耶律延禧
1101–
1125
–
Qiantong 乾統
1101–
1110
–
Tianqing 天慶
1111–
1120
Baoda 保大
1121–
1125
1 — "Emperor Tianzuo" was the regnal name (尊號) of Yelü Yanxi.
Northern Liao (北遼)(1122–1123 AD)[edit]
Main article: Northern Liao
Chinese convention: use personal name or "Northern Liao" + temple name
Name by which
most commonly
known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and their
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Yelü Chun Yelü Chun 耶律淳 1122
Emperor
Xiaozhang 孝章皇帝 Jianfu 建福 1122 Xuanzong 宣宗
Xiao Puxiannü
(regent)
Xiao
Puxiannü 蕭普賢女
1122–
1123
– Dexing 德興 1122–1123 –
Western Liao (西遼)(1124–1218 AD)[edit]
Main article: Qara Khitai
Chinese convention: use personal name or "Western Liao" + posthumous name
Name by which
most commonly
known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and
their corresponding range of years)
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Yelü Dashi
Yēlǜ
Dàshí
or
Yēlǜ
Dáshí1
耶律大石
or
耶律達實
1124–
1144
Emperor
Tianyou Wulie 天祐武烈皇帝
Yanqing 延慶
1124 or
1125–
1134
Dezong 德宗
Kangguo 康國
1134–
1144
Xiao Tabuyan
(regent)
Xiāo
Tǎbùyān 蕭塔不煙
1144–
1150
Empress
Consort
Gantian
感天皇后 Xianqing 咸清
1144–
1150
–
Yelü Yilie Yēlǜ Yíliè 耶律夷列
1150–
1164
–
Shaoxing
or
紹興
or
1150–
1164
Renzong 仁宗

Xuxing2
續興
Yelü Pusuwan
(regent)
Yēlǜ
Pǔsùwán 耶律普速完
1164–
1178
Empress
Dowager
Chengtian
承天太后
Chongfu (崇福
Chóngfú) 1164–
1178
崇福
1164–
1178
–
Yelü Zhilugu
Yēlǜ
Zhílǔgǔ 耶律直魯古
1178–
1211
–
Tianxi (天禧
Tiānxī) 1178–
1218
天禧
1178–
1218
–
Kuchlug Qūchūlǜ 屈出律
1211–
1218
– – –
1 — "Dashi" might be the Chinese title "Taishi", meaning "vizier"; or, it could mean "Stone" in Turkish, as the Chinese translite ration suggests.
2 — Recently discovered Western Liao coins have the era name "Xuxing", suggesting that the era name "Shaoxing" recorded in Chinese sources may be incorrect.[1]
Dongdan (東丹)(926–952 AD)[edit]
Main article: Dongdan Kingdom
Name by which
most commonly
known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) (and
their corresponding range of years)
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Yelü Bei Yelü Bei 耶律倍
926–
930
Emperor
Wenxian Qinyi 文獻欽義皇帝
Ganlu 甘露 926–936
Yizong 義宗
Empress Consort
Duanshun
Lady Xiao
(name
unknown)
(regent)
蕭氏
930–
940
Empress Consort
Duanshun
端順皇后 –
Emperor Shizong
of Liao
(same person as the
third Liao emperor)
Yelü Ruan 耶律阮
940–
947
Emperor Xiaohe
Zhuangxian 孝和莊憲皇帝 – –
Yelü Anduan
Yelü
Anduan 耶律安端
947–
952
– – –
Song dynasty (宋朝) (960–1279 AD)[edit]
Main article: Song dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of emperors of the Song dynasty.
Chinese convention: use "Song" + temple name or posthumous name (except last
emperor who was revered as Song Di Bing (宋帝昺 Sòng Dì Bǐng))
Name by
which
most
commonl
y known
Personal name
Reig
n Posthumous name (Shi Hao 諡號 )
Era names (Nian Hao 年號 ) and
their corresponding range of
years
Temple name
(Miao
Hao 廟號 )

Northern Song (北宋 ) (960–1127 AD)
Emperor
Taizu of
Song
Zhao
Kuangy
in
趙匡
胤
960–
976
Emperor
Qiyun Liji
Yingwu
Ruiwen
Shende
Shenggon
g Zhiming
Daxiao
啟運立極英武睿文神德聖功至明大孝皇帝
Jianlong 建隆
960–
963
Taizu
太
祖
Qiande 乾德
963–
968
Kaibao 開寶
968–
976
Emperor
Taizong
of Song
Zhao
Kuangy
i
or Zhao
Guangy
i
or
Zhao
Jiong
趙匡
義
or
趙光
義
or
趙炅
976–
997
Emperor
Zhiren
Yingdao
Shengong
Shengde
Wenwu
Ruilie
Daming
Guangxia
o
至仁應道神功聖德文武睿烈大明廣孝皇帝
Taipingxinggu
o
太平興
國
976–
984
Taizong
太
宗
Yongxi 雍熙
984–
987
Duangong 端拱
988–
989
Chunhua 淳化
990–
994
Zhidao 至道
995–
997
Emperor
Zhenzong
of Song
Zhao
Heng
趙恆
997–
1022
Emperor
Yingfu
Jigu
Shengong
Rangde
Wenming
Wuding
Zhangshe
ng
Yuanxiao
應符稽古神功讓德文明武定章聖元孝皇帝
Xianping 咸平
998–
1003
Zhenzon
g
真
宗
Jingde 景德
1004
–
1007
Dazhongxiang
fu
大中祥
符
1008
–
1016
Tianxi 天禧
1017
–
1021
Qianxing 乾興 1022
Emperor
Renzong
of Song
Zhao
Zhen 趙禎
1022
–
1063
Emperor
Titian
Fadao
Jigong
Quande
Shenwen
Shengwu
Ruizhe
Mingxiao
體天法道極功全德神文聖武睿哲明孝皇帝
Tiansheng 天聖
1023
–
1032
Renzong
仁
宗
Mingdao 明道
1032
–
1033
Jingyou 景祐
1034
–
1038
Baoyuan 寶元
1038
–
1040
Kangding 康定
1040
–
1041
Qingli 慶曆
1041
–
1048
Huangyou 皇祐
1049
–
1054
Zhihe 至和
1054
–

1056
Jiayou 嘉祐
1056
–
1063
Emperor
Yingzong
of Song
Zhao
Shu 趙曙
1063
–
1067
Emperor
Tiqian
Yingli
Longgong
Shengde
Xianwen
Suwu
Ruisheng
Xuanxiao
體乾應曆隆功盛德憲文肅武睿聖宣孝皇帝 Zhiping 治平
1064
–
1067
Yingzong
英
宗
Emperor
Shenzong
of Song
Zhao
Xu 趙頊
1067
–
1085
Emperor
Tiyuan
Xiandao
Fagu
Lixian
Dide
Wanggon
g
Yingwen
Liewu
Qinren
Shengxiao
體元顯道法古立憲帝德王功英文烈武欽仁聖
孝皇帝
Xining 熙寧
1068
–
1077
Shenzong
神
宗
Yuanfeng 元豐
1078
–
1085
Emperor
Zhezong
of Song
Zhao
Xu 趙煦
1085
–
1100
Emperor
Xianyuan
Jidao
Shede
Yanggong
Qinwen
Ruiwu
Qisheng
Zhaoxiao
憲元繼道世德揚功欽文睿武齊聖昭孝皇帝
Yuanyou 元祐
1086
–
1094
Zhezong 哲
宗
Shaosheng 紹聖
1094
–
1098
Yuanfu 元符
1098
–
1100
Emperor
Huizong
of Song
Zhao Ji 趙佶
1100
–
1125
Emperor
Tishen
Hedao
Junlie
Xungong
Shengwen
Rende
Cixian
Xianxiao
體神合道駿烈遜功聖文仁德慈憲顯孝皇帝
Jianzhongjingg
uo
建中靖
國
1101
Huizong
徽
宗
Chongning 崇寧
1102
–
1106
Daguan 大觀
1107
–
1110
Zhenghe 政和
1111
–
1118
Chonghe 重和
1118
–
1119
Xuanhe 宣和
1119
–
1125
Emperor
Qinzong
of Song
Zhao
Huan 趙桓
1126
–
1127
Emperor
Gongwen
Shunde
Renxiao
恭文順德仁孝皇帝 Jingkang 靖康
1125
–
1127
Qinzong
欽
宗
Southern Song (南宋 ) (1127–1279 AD)
Emperor
Gaozong
of Song
Zhao
Gou 趙構
1127
–
1162
Emperor
Shouming
Zhongxin
g
Quangong
Zhide
Shengshe
n Wuwen
Zhaoren
Xianxiao
受命中興全功至德聖神武文昭仁憲孝皇帝
Jianyan 建炎
1127
–
1130
Gaozong 高
宗
Shaoxing 紹興
1131
–
1162
Emperor
Xiaozong
Zhao
Shen
趙昚
1162
–
Emperor
Shaotong 紹統同道冠德昭功哲文神武明聖成孝皇帝 Longxing 隆興
1163
–
Xiaozong 孝

of Song 1189 Tongdao
Guande
Zhaogong
Zhewen
Shenwu
Mingshen
g
Chengxia
o
1164 宗
Qiandao 乾道
1165
–
1173
Chunxi 淳熙
1174
–
1189
Emperor
Guangzo
ng of
Song
Zhao
Dun 趙惇
1189
–
1194
Emperor
Xundao
Xianren
Minggong
Maode
Wenwen
Shunwu
Shengzhe
Cixiao
循道憲仁明功茂德溫文順武聖哲慈孝皇帝 Shaoxi 紹熙
1190
–
1194
Guangzo
ng
光
宗
Emperor
Ningzong
of Song
Zhao
Kuo 趙擴
1194
–
1224
Emperor
Fatian
Beidao
Chunde
Maogong
Renwen
Zhewu
Shengrui
Gongxiao
法天備道純德茂功仁文哲武聖睿恭孝皇帝
Qingyuan 慶元
1195
–
1200
Ningzong
寧
宗
Jiatai 嘉泰
1201
–
1204
Kaixi 開禧
1205
–
1207
Jiading 嘉定
1208
–
1224
Emperor
Lizong of
Song
Zhao
Yun 趙昀
1224
–
1264
Emperor
Jiandao
Beide
Dagong
Fuxing
Liewen
Renwu
Shengmin
g Anxiao
建道備德大功復興烈文仁武聖明安孝皇帝
Baoqing 寶慶
1225
–
1227
Lizong 理
宗
Shaoding 紹定
1228
–
1233
Duanping 端平
1234
–
1236
Jiaxi 嘉熙
1237
–
1240
Chunyou 淳祐
1241
–
1252
Baoyou 寶祐
1253
–
1258
Kaiqing 開慶 1259
Jingding 景定
1260
–
1264
Emperor
Duzong
of Song
Zhao Qi 趙禥
1264
–
1274
Emperor
Duanwen
Mingwu
Jingxiao
端文明武景孝皇帝 Xianchun 咸淳
1265
–
1274
Duzong 度
宗
Emperor
Gong of
Song
Zhao
Xian 趙顯
1274
–
1276
– Deyou 德祐
1275
–
1276
–
Emperor
Duanzon
g of Song
Zhao
Shi 趙昰
1276
–
1278
Emperor
Yuwen
Zhaowu
Minxiao
裕文昭武愍孝皇帝 Jingyan 景炎
1276
–
1278
Duanzon
g
端
宗
Zhao
Bing
Zhao
Bing 趙昺
1278
–
1279
– Xiangxing 祥興
1278
–
1279
–

Dali Kingdom (大理)(937–1094 AD, 1096–1253 AD)[edit]
Main article: Dali Kingdom
Name by which
most commonly
known
Personal name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Era names (Nian Hao 年號) (and their
Temple name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Former Dali (前大理 ) (937–1094 AD)
Duan Siping Duan Siping 段思平
937–
944
Emperor
Shengshen
Wenwu
聖神文武皇帝
Wende 文德 938–?
Taizu 太祖
Shenwu 神武 ?–944
Duan Siying Duan Siying 段思英
944–
945
– Wenjing 文經 945 –
Duan Siliang
Duan
Siliang 段思良
945–
952
Emperor
Shengci
Wenwu
聖慈文武皇帝 Zhizhi 至治 946–951 –
Duan Sicong Duan Sicong 段思聰
952–
968
Emperor
Zhidao
Guangci
至道廣慈皇帝
Mingde 明德 952–?
–
Guangde 廣德 ?–967
Shunde 順德 968
Duan Sushun
Duan
Sushun 段素順
968–
985
Emperor
Yingdao 應道皇帝 Mingzheng 明政 969–985 –
Duan Suying
Duan
Suying 段素英
985–
1009
Emperor
Zhaoming 昭明皇帝
Guangming 廣明 986–?
–
Mingying 明應 ?
Mingtong 明統 ?
Mingsheng 明聖 ?

Mingzhi 明治 ?
Duan Sulian Duan Sulian 段素廉
1009–
1022
Emperor
Xuansu 宣肅皇帝 Mingqi 明啟 1010–1022 –
Duan Sulong
Duan
Sulong 段素隆
1022–
1026
Emperor
Bingyi 秉義皇帝 Mingtong 明通 1023–1026 –
Duan Suzhen
Duan
Suzhen 段素真
1026–
1041
Emperor
Shengde 聖德皇帝 Zhengzhi 正治 1027–1041 –
Duan Suxing
Duan
Suxing 段素興
1041–
1044
–
Shengming 聖明 1042–?
–
Tianming 天明 ?–1044
Duan Silian Duan Silian 段思廉
1044–
1075
Emperor
Xiaode 孝德皇帝
Bao'an 保安 1045–1052
Xingzong 興宗
Zheng'an 政安 1053–?
Zhengde 正德 ?
Baode 保德 ?–1074
Minghou 明侯 ?
Duan Lianyi Duan Lianyi 段廉義
1075–
1080
– Shangde 上德 1076 –
Duan Shouhui
Duan
Shouhui 段壽輝
1080–
1081
– Shangming 上明 1081 –
Duan Zhengming
Duan
Zhengming
段正明
1081–
1094
Emperor
Baoding
保定皇帝
Baoli 保立 1082
–
Jian'an 建安 1083–1091

Tianyou 天祐 1091–1094
Later Dali (後大理 ) (1096–1253 AD)
Duan Zhengchun
Duan
Zhengchun 段正淳
1096–
1108
Emperor
Wen'an 文安皇帝
Tianshou 天授 1096
Zhongzong 中宗
Mingkai 明開 1097–1103
Tianzheng 天政 1103–1104
Wen'an 文安 1104–1108
Duan Zhengyan
Duan
Zhengyan 段正嚴
1108–
1147
Emperor
Xuanren 宣仁皇帝
Rixin 日新 1109–1110
Xianzong 憲宗
Wenzhi 文治 1110–?
Yongjia 永嘉 ?–1128
Baotian 保天 1129–1137
Guangyun 廣運 1138–1147
Duan Zhengxing
Duan
Zhengxing 段正興
1147–
1171
Emperor
Zhengkang 正康皇帝
Yongzhen 永貞 1148
Jingzong 景宗
Dabao 大寶 1149–1156
Longxing 龍興 1157–1161
Shengming 盛明 1162–?
Jiande 建德 ?–1171

Duan Zhixing
Duan
Zhixing 段智興
1171–
1200
Emperor
Gongji 功極皇帝
Lizhen 利貞 1172–1174
Xuanzong 宣宗
Shengde 盛德 1176–1180
Jiahui 嘉會 1181–1184
Yuanheng 元亨 1185–1195
Ding'an 定安 1195–1200
Duan Zhilian
Duan
Zhilian 段智廉
1200–
1204
Emperor
Hengtian 亨天皇帝
Fengli 鳳曆 1200–?
Yingzong 英宗
Yuanshou 元壽 ?–1204
Duan Zhixiang
Duan
Zhixiang 段智祥
1204–
1238
–
Tiankai 天開 1205–1225
Shenzong 神宗
Tianfu 天輔 1226
Tianshou 仁壽 1227–1238
Duan Xiangxing
Duan
Xiangxing 段祥興
1238–
1251
Emperor
Xiaoyi 孝義皇帝 Daolong 道隆 1239–1251 –
Duan Xingzhi
Duan
Xingzhi 段興智
1251–
1254
– Tianding 天定 1251–1254 –
Western Xia (西夏) (1038–1227 AD)[edit]
Main article: Western Xia
Chinese convention: use "Western Xia" + temple name (or use personal name)
The Tangut names for about half of the Western Xia eras are known from Tangut texts
or monumental inscriptions, or from Western Xia coins.
Name by
which most
commonly
Personal Name Reign
Hao 諡號 )
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )

known
Emperor
Jǐngzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Yuánhào 李元昊
1032–
1048
Emperor
Wǔliè 武烈皇帝
Xiǎndào 顯道
1032–
1034
Jǐngzōng 景宗
Kāiyùn 開運 1034
Guǎngpíng 廣平
1035–
1036
Dàqìng 大慶
1036–
1038
Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzuò 天授禮法延祚
1038–
1048
Emperor
Yìzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Liàngzuò 李諒祚
1048–
1067
Emperor
Zhāoyīng 昭英皇帝
Yánsìníngguó 延嗣寧國
1048–
1049
Yìzōng 毅宗
Tiānyòuchuíshèng 天祐垂聖
1050–
1052
Fúshèngchéngdào 福聖承道
1053–
1056
Duǒdū 奲都
1057–
1063
Gǒnghuà 拱化
1063–
1067
Emperor
Huìzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Bǐngcháng 李秉常
1067–
1086
Emperor
Kāngjìng 康靖皇帝
Qiándào 乾道
1067–
1069
Huìzōng 惠宗
Tiāncìlǐshèngguóqìng 天賜禮盛國慶
1070–
1074
Dà'ān 大安
��
1075–
1085
Tiān'ānlǐdìng
天安禮定 1085–

�� 1086
Emperor
Chóngzōng
of Western
Xia
Lǐ
Qiánshùn 李乾順
1086–
1139
Emperor
Shèngwén 聖文皇帝
Tiānyízhìpíng 天儀治平
1086–
1089
Chóngzōng 崇宗
Tiānyòumín'ān 天祐民安
��
1090–
1097
Yǒng'ān 永安
1098–
1100
Zhēnguān 貞觀
��
1101–
1113
Yōngníng 雍寧
��
1114–
1118
Yuándé 元德
��
1119–
1127
Zhèngdé 正德
��
1127–
1134
Dàdé 大德
��
1135–
1139
Emperor
Rénzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Rénxiào 李仁孝
1139–
1193
Emperor
Shengde 聖德皇帝
Dàqìng 大慶
��
1139–
1143
Rénzōng 仁宗
Rénqìng 人慶
��
1144–
1148
Tiānshèng 天盛
��
1149–
1170
Qiányòu 乾祐
��
1170–
1193
Emperor
Huánzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Chúnyòu 李純佑
1193–
1206
Emperor
Zhāojiǎn 昭簡皇帝 Tiānqìng 天慶
��
1193–
1206
Huánzōng 桓宗

Emperor
Xiāngzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ Ānquán 李安全
1206–
1211
Emperor
Jingmu
敬穆皇帝
Yīngtiān 應天
1206–
1209
Xiāngzōng 襄宗
Huángjiàn 皇建
��
1210–
1211
Emperor
Shénzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ Zūnxū 李遵頊
1211–
1223
Emperor
Yīngwén 英文皇帝 Guāngdìng 光定
��
1211–
1223
Shénzōng 神宗
Emperor
Xiànzōng of
Western Xia
Lǐ
Déwàng 李德旺
1223–
1226
Emperor
Xiao'ai 孝哀皇帝 Qiándìng 乾定
1223–
1226
Xiànzōng 獻宗
Emperor Mò
of Western
Xia
Lǐ Xiàn 李晛
1226–
1227
– Bǎoyì 寶義
1226–
1227
–
Jin dynasty (金朝) (1115–1234 AD)[edit]
Main article: Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Chinese convention: use "Jin" + temple name or posthumous name in Chinese
Jin dynasty 1115–1234
Name by
which
most
commonly
known
Personal name
Reig
n
Era names (Nian
Hao 年號 ) and their
corresponding range of
years
Temple name
(Miao Hao 廟號 )
Emperor
Taizu of
Jin
Āgǔdǎ
or
Wányán
Mǐn
阿骨打
or
完顏旻
1115
–
1123
Shōuguó
收
國
1115
–
1116
Emperor
Yingqian
Xingyun
Zhaode
Dinggong
Renming
Zhuangxia
o Dasheng
Wuyuan
應乾興運昭德定功仁明莊孝大聖武元皇
帝
Tàizǔ
太
祖
Tiānfǔ
天
輔
1117
–
1123
Emperor
Taizong of
Jin
Wúqǐmǎi
or
Wányán
Shèng
吳乞買
or
完顏晟
1123
–
1134
Tiānhuì 天
會
1123
–
1134
Emperor
Tiyuan
Yingyun
Shide
Zhaogong
Zhehui
Rensheng
Wenlie
體元應運世德昭功哲惠仁聖文烈皇帝 Tàizōng 太
宗

Emperor
Xizong of
Jin
Hélá
or
Wányán
Dǎn
合剌
or
完顏亶
1135
–
1149
Tiānhuì
天
會
1135
–
1138
Emperor
Hongji
Zuanwu
Zhuangjing
Xiaocheng
弘基纘武莊靖孝成皇帝 Xīzōng
熙
宗
Tiānjuàn
天
眷
1138
–
1141
Huángtǒng
皇
統
1141
–
1149
Wanyan
Liang
Dígǔnǎi
or
Wányán
Liàng
迪古乃
or
完顏亮
1149
–
1161
Tiāndé 天
德
1149
–
1153
Prince
Yáng 煬王 –
Zhènyuán
貞
元
1153
–
1156
Zhènglóng
正
隆
1156
–
1161
Emperor
Shizong of
Jin
Wūlù
or
Wányán
Yōng
烏祿
or
完顏雍
1161
–
1189
Dàdìng
大
定
1161
–
1189
Emperor
Guangtian
Xingyun
Wende
Wugong
Shengming
Renxiao
光天興運文德武功聖明仁孝皇帝 Shìzōng
世
宗
Emperor
Zhangzon
g of Jin
Mádágě
or
Wányán
Jǐng
麻達葛
or
完顏璟
1190
–
1208
Míngchāng 明
昌
1190
–
1196
Emperor
Xiantian
Guangyun
Renwen
Yiwu
Shensheng
Yingxiao
憲天光運仁文義武神聖英孝皇帝
Zhāngzōn
g
章
宗
Chéng'ān
承
安
1196
–
1200
Tàihé
泰
和
1200
–
1208
Wanyan
Yongji
Wányán
Yǒngjì
完顏永
濟
1209
–
1213
Dà'ān
大
安
1209
–
1212
Prince
Shào
紹王 –

Chóngqìng
崇
慶
1212
–
1213
Zhìníng
至
寧
1213
Emperor
Xuanzong
of Jin
Wúdúbǔ
or
Wányán
Xú
吾睹補
or
完顏珣
1213
–
1223
Zhēnyòu
貞
祐
1213
–
1217
Emperor
Jitian
Xingtong
Shudao
Qinren
Yingwu
Shengxiao
繼天興統述道勤仁英武聖孝皇帝 Xuānzōng 宣
宗
Xīngdìng 興
定
1217
–
1222
Yuánguān
g
元
光
1222
–
1223
Emperor
Aizong of
Jin
Níngjiǎs
ù
or
Wányán
Shǒuxù
寧甲速
or
完顏守
緒
1224
–
1234
Zhèngdà
正
大
1224
–
1232
Emperor
Zhuang 莊皇帝 Āizōng
哀
宗
Kāixīng
開
興
1232
Tiānxīng 天
興
1232
–
1234
Emperor
Mo of Jin
Hūdūn
or
Wányán
Chénglín
呼敦
or
完顏承
麟
1234 – – –
Yuan dynasty (元朝) (1271–1368 AD)[edit]
Main article: Yuan dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Yuan emperors.
Chinese convention: for rulers before Kublai Khan use given name (e.g. Temüjin) or
Khan names, use "Yuan" + temple name or posthumous name after
Note:
1) The Mongol Great Khans before Khublai were only declared Yuan emperors after the
creation of Yuan dynasty in 1271

2) To non-Chinese readers, usually the khan names are the most familiar names.
3) Timur or Temür means the same Mongolian words but Temür will be used for
avoiding confusion with Timur the lame (Tamerlane).
Khan
Name
Personal name Reign
Era names (Nian
Hao 年號 ) and their
corresponding
range of years
Regnal name (Zun Hao 尊號 )
Hao 諡號 )
Temple
name (Miao
Hao 廟號 )
Genghis
Khan
Borjigin
Temüjin 孛兒只斤鐵木真
1206–
1227
– –
Empero
r Fatian
Qiyun
Shengw
u
法天啟運聖
武皇帝
Tàizǔ
太
祖
Tolui
Borjigin
Tolui 孛兒只斤拖雷 1228 – –
Empero
r
Renshe
ng
Jingxia
ng
仁聖景襄皇
帝
Ruìzōn
g
睿
宗
Ögedei
Khan
Borjigin
Ögedei 孛兒只斤窩闊台
1229–
1241
– –
Empero
r
Yingwe
n
英文皇帝
Tàizōn
g
太
宗
Güyük
Khan
Borjigin
Güyük 孛兒只斤貴由
1246–
1248
– –
Empero
r
Jianpin
g
簡平皇帝
Dìngzō
ng
定
宗
Möngke
Khan
Borjigin
Möngke 孛兒只斤蒙哥
1251–
1259
– –
Empero
r
Huansu
桓肅皇帝
Xiànzō
ng
憲
宗
Kublai
Khan
Borjigin
Kublai 孛兒只斤忽必烈
1260–
1294
Zhōngt
ǒng
中
統
126
0–
126
4
Emper
or
Xiantia
n
Shudao
Renwe
n Yiwu
Dagua
ng
Xiao
憲天述道仁文義武
大光孝皇帝
Empero
r
Shengd
e
Shengo
ng
Wenwu
聖德神功文
武皇帝
Shìzǔ
世
祖
Zhìyuá
n
至
元
126
4–
129
4
Temür
Khan
Borjigin
Temür 孛兒只斤鐵穆耳
1294–
1307
Yuánz
hēn
元
貞
129
5–
129
7
–
Empero
r
Qinmin
g
Guangx
欽明廣孝皇
帝
Chéng
zōng
成
宗

1307–
1308
Dàdé
大
德
129
7–
130
7
iao
Külüg
Khan
Borjigin
Qayshan 孛兒只斤海山
1308–
1311
Zhìdà
至
大
130
8–
131
1
Emper
or
Tongti
an
Jisheng
Qinwe
n
Yingw
u
Dazhan
g Xiao
統天繼聖欽文英武
大章孝皇帝
Empero
r
Renhui
Xuanxi
ao
仁惠宣孝皇
帝
Wǔzōn
g
武
宗
Ayurbar
wada
Buyantu
Khan
Borjigin
Ayurparib
hadra
孛兒只斤愛育黎
拔力八達
1311–
1320
Huáng
qìng
皇
慶
131
2–
131
3
–
Empero
r
Shengw
en
Qinxiao
聖文欽孝皇
帝
Rénzō
ng
仁
宗
1320–
1321
Yányò
u
延
祐
131
4–
132
0
Gegeen
Khan
Borjigin
Suddhipal
a
孛兒只斤碩德八
剌
1321–
1323
Zhìzhì
至
治
132
1–
132
3
Emper
or
Jitian
Tidao
Jingwe
n
Renwu
Dazhao
Xiao
繼天體道敬文仁武
大昭孝皇帝
Empero
r
Ruishen
g
Wenxia
o
睿聖文孝皇
帝
Yīngzō
ng
英
宗
Yesün
Temür1
Borjigin
Yesün-
Temür
孛兒只斤也孫鐵
木兒
1323–
1328
Tàidìn
g
泰
定
132
4–
132
8
– – –
Zhìhé 致
和
132
8
Ragibag
h Khan1
Borjigin
Arigaba
孛兒只斤阿速吉
八
1328
Tiānsh
ùn
天
順
132
8
– – –
Jayaatu
Khan
Tugh
Temür
Borjigin
Toq-
Temür
孛兒只斤圖帖睦
爾
1328–
1329 and
1329–
1332
Tiānlì 天
曆
132
8–
133
0
Emper
or
Qintian
Tongsh
eng
Zhide
Cheng
gong
欽天統聖至德誠功
大文孝皇帝
Empero
r
Shengm
ing
Yuanxi
ao
聖明元孝皇
帝
Wénzō
ng
文
宗
Zhìshù 至 133

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