This document lists 27 drugs that were approved for marketing in India between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. It provides the name of each drug, its indication or intended use, and the date it was approved. The drugs cover a wide range of therapeutic areas and are intended to treat conditions like infections, pain, cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and others.
Cynocort is a brand name for the synthetic corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide. It is available as a 40 mg intramuscular or intra-articular injection. Cynocort can be used to treat allergic conditions like asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis. It can also provide short-term relief as an adjunct therapy for joint conditions like gout, bursitis, and osteoarthritis. The dosage varies depending on the condition but is typically between 2.5 mg to 60 mg administered intramuscularly or intra-articularly. Cynocort is promoted as a more potent steroid than alternatives with trusted efficacy across multiple indications.
Flagyl Tablets (Generic Metronidazole Tablets) is used to treat bacterial infections in different areas of the body such as vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. This medicine will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.
This antibiotic treats only certain bacterial and parasitic infections. This medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
This document discusses adverse drug reactions and drug hypersensitivities. It begins by noting that adverse drug reactions are commonly found in clinical practice and should be considered for all patients undergoing treatment. It then describes the Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivities, which distinguishes four types - Type I involves IgE antibodies and causes rapid reactions, Type II involves cytotoxicity, Type III involves immune complex formation, and Type IV involves T cells and causes delayed reactions. The document provides examples of drugs that can cause each type of reaction and cutaneous conditions that may present, such as urticaria, angioedema, and various maculopapular eruptions.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for biotechnology companies. It notes that the full safety profile of a drug is not known at launch due to limitations of clinical trials. Post-marketing surveillance is needed to continuously monitor a drug's safety profile. It highlights specific challenges for biopharmaceuticals like immunogenicity and difficulties in causality assessment. The document emphasizes the role of registries and pooled clinical trial data in pharmacovigilance for biologics. It also lists some adverse drug reactions peculiar to biopharmaceuticals. Finally, it discusses factors that can affect the scale of pharmacovigilance operations and the consequences of ineffective pharmacovigilance.
The document provides safety guidelines for the drug isotretinoin (Accutane). It discusses the drug's indications, pharmacokinetics, risks, and regulations. Key information includes:
1) Isotretinoin is used to treat severe cystic acne but can cause birth defects, so female patients must not get pregnant while taking it or for 1 month after.
2) The iPLEDGE program requires registration of patients, prescribers, and pharmacies and monthly pregnancy tests for female patients to help prevent fetal exposure.
3) Risks include depression, psychosis, birth defects, pancreatitis, and increased triglycerides. Strict contraception and testing protocols aim to eliminate risk of
Jack Reifert has over 15 years of experience in biomedical research. He received his Ph.D. in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology from UC Santa Barbara and has worked in both academic and industry research settings. Currently he is a scientist at Serimmune Inc. where he utilizes techniques like peptide display screening and deep sequencing to identify biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for autoimmune diseases.
This document discusses the role of predictive biomarkers in individualized medicine for prostate cancer. It notes that while several drugs have been approved for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on overall survival benefits, many phase III trials over the last six years have been negative. The document outlines various pathways and agents being tested for prostate cancer and challenges in drug development in the era of targeted therapies. It discusses the need to better define diseases at the molecular level and identify validated predictive biomarkers to improve drug development efforts.
Cynocort is a brand name for the synthetic corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide. It is available as a 40 mg intramuscular or intra-articular injection. Cynocort can be used to treat allergic conditions like asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis. It can also provide short-term relief as an adjunct therapy for joint conditions like gout, bursitis, and osteoarthritis. The dosage varies depending on the condition but is typically between 2.5 mg to 60 mg administered intramuscularly or intra-articularly. Cynocort is promoted as a more potent steroid than alternatives with trusted efficacy across multiple indications.
Flagyl Tablets (Generic Metronidazole Tablets) is used to treat bacterial infections in different areas of the body such as vagina, stomach, skin, joints, and respiratory tract. This medicine will not treat a vaginal yeast infection.
This antibiotic treats only certain bacterial and parasitic infections. This medicine will not work for colds, flu, or other virus infections.
This document discusses adverse drug reactions and drug hypersensitivities. It begins by noting that adverse drug reactions are commonly found in clinical practice and should be considered for all patients undergoing treatment. It then describes the Gell and Coombs classification of hypersensitivities, which distinguishes four types - Type I involves IgE antibodies and causes rapid reactions, Type II involves cytotoxicity, Type III involves immune complex formation, and Type IV involves T cells and causes delayed reactions. The document provides examples of drugs that can cause each type of reaction and cutaneous conditions that may present, such as urticaria, angioedema, and various maculopapular eruptions.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for biotechnology companies. It notes that the full safety profile of a drug is not known at launch due to limitations of clinical trials. Post-marketing surveillance is needed to continuously monitor a drug's safety profile. It highlights specific challenges for biopharmaceuticals like immunogenicity and difficulties in causality assessment. The document emphasizes the role of registries and pooled clinical trial data in pharmacovigilance for biologics. It also lists some adverse drug reactions peculiar to biopharmaceuticals. Finally, it discusses factors that can affect the scale of pharmacovigilance operations and the consequences of ineffective pharmacovigilance.
The document provides safety guidelines for the drug isotretinoin (Accutane). It discusses the drug's indications, pharmacokinetics, risks, and regulations. Key information includes:
1) Isotretinoin is used to treat severe cystic acne but can cause birth defects, so female patients must not get pregnant while taking it or for 1 month after.
2) The iPLEDGE program requires registration of patients, prescribers, and pharmacies and monthly pregnancy tests for female patients to help prevent fetal exposure.
3) Risks include depression, psychosis, birth defects, pancreatitis, and increased triglycerides. Strict contraception and testing protocols aim to eliminate risk of
Jack Reifert has over 15 years of experience in biomedical research. He received his Ph.D. in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology from UC Santa Barbara and has worked in both academic and industry research settings. Currently he is a scientist at Serimmune Inc. where he utilizes techniques like peptide display screening and deep sequencing to identify biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for autoimmune diseases.
This document discusses the role of predictive biomarkers in individualized medicine for prostate cancer. It notes that while several drugs have been approved for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on overall survival benefits, many phase III trials over the last six years have been negative. The document outlines various pathways and agents being tested for prostate cancer and challenges in drug development in the era of targeted therapies. It discusses the need to better define diseases at the molecular level and identify validated predictive biomarkers to improve drug development efforts.
The current presentation include the pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The definition, classification, mechanism of action of drugs, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications and uses.
Predmet (Generic Methylprednisolone tablets) is used to treat many different inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, allergic disorders, gland (endocrine) disorders, and conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid medicine that prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.
Recent Advances in Treatment of UveitisHind Safwat
This document discusses the treatment of uveitis using corticosteroids. It begins by describing the history and development of corticosteroid therapy for uveitis. It then discusses the different types and formulations of topical corticosteroids used to treat anterior uveitis, including dosing guidelines. For more severe cases, periocular and intraocular corticosteroid injections are discussed. The document also covers the use of systemic corticosteroids and corticosteroid-sparing immunomodulatory drugs. Throughout, specific drugs are mentioned along with their dosages and administration guidelines for treating uveitis.
This document discusses antibiotics that are commonly used in pediatric dentistry. It provides formulas for calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients based on their age and weight. It then describes several classes of antibiotics including penicillin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides. For each drug class and individual drug, it discusses indications, contraindications, dosages, side effects, and formulations. The document aims to guide practitioners in appropriately prescribing antibiotics to pediatric patients for odontogenic infections and other dental conditions.
Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi was born in Garut, Indonesia in 1955. He received his medical education in Indonesia, obtaining degrees in general medicine, internal medicine, and rheumatology. He has worked as a rheumatology staff member at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital. He is a member of several Indonesian medical organizations. The document provides biographical information about Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi's education, career, and professional affiliations.
Malaria in pregnancy poses risks to both mother and fetus. It is more common and severe in pregnant women, especially primigravidae, due to decreased immunity. Placental malaria occurs when infected erythrocytes sequester in the placenta, impairing nutrient transfer and potentially causing low birth weight. Treatment depends on severity and gestation, and may include quinine, artemether-lumefantrine, or artesunate. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is also recommended. Managing complications like anemia, preterm birth and cerebral malaria is important.
Itraconazole 100mg capsules, hard smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Itraconazole Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Itraconazole Dosage & Rx Info | Itraconazole Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Itraconazole - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Itraconazole dose Taj pharmaceuticals Itraconazole interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Itraconazole contraindications, Itraconazole price, Itraconazole Taj Pharma Itraconazole 100mg Capsules, hard SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Itraconazole Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
This document summarizes information on the treatment of various medical conditions including:
- Treatment for active tuberculosis involving a multi-drug regimen over several months.
- Potential allergic reactions to penicillin and cephalosporins.
- Common adverse drug reactions for medications like acyclovir, nystatin, methotrexate, isotretinoin, timolol.
- Superinfections that can develop after long-term antibiotic use and conditions they may cause.
- Uses and side effects of medications for conditions like gout, hemorrhoids, scabies, nicotine withdrawal, acne.
Recent advances in immunosuppressants.pptxDeepakDaniel9
The document summarizes recent advances in immunosuppressants. It discusses several new drugs, their mechanisms of action targeting cytokines or cell surface receptors, and FDA-approved indications. Some of the drugs covered include dimethyl fumarate and glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis, daratumumab and elotuzumab for multiple myeloma, and canakinumab, rilonacept, tocilizumab, siltuximab, ustekinumab, secukinumab, belimumab, and ocrelizumab for various autoimmune diseases.
This document provides guidelines for using aciclovir to treat herpes simplex encephalitis and neonatal herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. It details the indications, dosing, administration, side effects and incompatibilities of both intravenous and oral aciclovir formulations for neonatal use.
Doxycycline 100mg capsules smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Doxycycline - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Doxycycline dose Taj pharmaceuticals Doxycycline interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Doxycycline contraindications, Doxycycline price, Doxycycline Taj Pharma Doxycycline 100mg Capsules SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Doxycycline Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
1. Metronidazole is the most commonly used drug for both intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis as it is effective against trophozoites.
2. Other drugs include luminal amebicides like diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, and paromomycin which are only effective in the lumen.
3. For severe or resistant cases, tissue amebicides like chloroquine or emetine may be used in combination with metronidazole and a luminal drug.
Etodolac Capsules USP 300mg/400mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Etodolac Dosage & Rx Info | Etodolac Uses, Side Effects Vecuronium bromide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Etodolac-Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Etodolac dose Taj pharmaceuticals Etodolac interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Etodolac contraindications, Etodolac price, Etodolac Taj Pharma Etodolac SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Etodolac Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SmPC.
Imatinib, 400mg, 100mg, film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
IMATINIB Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, IMATINIB Dosage & Rx Info | IMATINIB Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, IMATINIB - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, IMATINIB dose Taj pharmaceuticals IMATINIB interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical IMATINIB contraindications, IMATINIB price, IMATINIB Taj Pharma Cancer, oncologyImatinib, 400mg, 100mg, film-coated tablets. SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on IMATINIB Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
This document discusses difficulties in treating acne and poor responders to treatment. It notes that while most patients respond well to standard acne treatments, 10-15% are poor responders. Poor response can be due to antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, non-acne infections, or high sebum production diluting antibiotics. Treatment of poor responders depends on the underlying cause and may include isotretinoin, stronger antibiotics, or hormone therapies. The document provides detailed guidelines for managing treatment-resistant acne and acne variants based on underlying pathological factors.
This document discusses medications for treating gout. It provides information on using colchicine, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and canakinumab to treat acute gouty attacks. It recommends colchicine as the preferred first-line treatment, with NSAIDs as an alternative when the gout diagnosis is confirmed. Low-dose colchicine is a new recommended regimen that is better tolerated than prior high-dose regimens. Prophylactic colchicine or NSAIDs can prevent future attacks but controlling hyperuricemia with urate-lowering agents is also important to prevent long-term tissue damage from urate deposition.
Imatinib Capsules 100mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Imatinib Dosage & Rx Info | Imatinib Uses, Side Effects Imatinib: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Imatinib -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Imatinib dose Taj pharmaceuticals Imatinib interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Imatinib contraindications, Imatinib price, Imatinib Taj Pharma Imatinib SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Imatinib Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SMPC.
1. The document discusses pharmacology and its role in prosthodontics, summarizing key drugs used for therapeutic and treatment purposes. It covers local anesthetics, antiseptics, steroids, analgesics, antimicrobials, antifungals, anxiolytics, and muscle relaxants.
2. Drugs play an important role in improving patient response during pre-treatment and post-treatment, with success often depending on proper pharmacological application.
3. Various drugs are classified as therapeutic for conditions like pain, infection, and inflammation, or as aids for prosthodontic treatments.
This document discusses various biological agents used to treat uveitis, including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors like infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab. It provides dosing information and potential adverse effects for each drug. Anti-interleukin therapies like daclizumab, anakinra, tocilizumab, rituximab, gevokizumab, and secukinumab are also summarized. Key points are provided on initiating and monitoring patients on biological therapies to help maximize efficacy and safety. Biologics are described as potent treatments for uveitis when conventional therapies have failed or been poorly tolerated.
Ocular allergy are a group of external ocular conditions resulting from one or more types of hypersensitivity reactions to allergens.
Anti Allergic eye drops are liquid medicine used to treat symptoms of eye allergies.
10 important drugs discovered by accidentAshish Garg
This document provides a summary of 10 important drugs that were discovered by accident. It describes how each drug was initially developed for another purpose but was later found to have unexpected medical benefits. The drugs discussed include Prontosil (the first antibiotic), Mustine (developed from mustard gas for cancer treatment), nitrous oxide (originally used as laughing gas), Cisplatin (developed for experiments but used for cancer chemotherapy), Warfarin (originally a pesticide now used as a blood thinner), the smallpox vaccine (initially used cowpox virus instead of smallpox), botulinum toxin (used for medical issues after being found in spoiled meat), Valium (developed from a chemical dye), pen
New diabetes drug invokana has major treatmentAshish Garg
Invokana is a new FDA-approved drug for treating type 2 diabetes that works differently than other medications on the market. It blocks the absorption of sugar from food into the bloodstream, causing the body to flush out excess sugar in the urine. Clinical trials showed it was effective at lowering blood sugar and reducing diabetes complications, but side effects included urinary tract infections and yeast infections from sugar in the urine. Some analysts predict these side effects could limit Invokana's sales potential. The FDA required additional safety studies due to concerns about effects on the heart, liver, cancer and pancreatic disease. Any effective diabetes drug with limited side effects has major market potential given the large number of people suffering from the disease.
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The current presentation include the pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The definition, classification, mechanism of action of drugs, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications and uses.
Predmet (Generic Methylprednisolone tablets) is used to treat many different inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, allergic disorders, gland (endocrine) disorders, and conditions that affect the skin, eyes, lungs, stomach, nervous system, or blood cells. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid medicine that prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.
Recent Advances in Treatment of UveitisHind Safwat
This document discusses the treatment of uveitis using corticosteroids. It begins by describing the history and development of corticosteroid therapy for uveitis. It then discusses the different types and formulations of topical corticosteroids used to treat anterior uveitis, including dosing guidelines. For more severe cases, periocular and intraocular corticosteroid injections are discussed. The document also covers the use of systemic corticosteroids and corticosteroid-sparing immunomodulatory drugs. Throughout, specific drugs are mentioned along with their dosages and administration guidelines for treating uveitis.
This document discusses antibiotics that are commonly used in pediatric dentistry. It provides formulas for calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients based on their age and weight. It then describes several classes of antibiotics including penicillin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, and macrolides. For each drug class and individual drug, it discusses indications, contraindications, dosages, side effects, and formulations. The document aims to guide practitioners in appropriately prescribing antibiotics to pediatric patients for odontogenic infections and other dental conditions.
Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi was born in Garut, Indonesia in 1955. He received his medical education in Indonesia, obtaining degrees in general medicine, internal medicine, and rheumatology. He has worked as a rheumatology staff member at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital. He is a member of several Indonesian medical organizations. The document provides biographical information about Rachmat Gunadi Wachjudi's education, career, and professional affiliations.
Malaria in pregnancy poses risks to both mother and fetus. It is more common and severe in pregnant women, especially primigravidae, due to decreased immunity. Placental malaria occurs when infected erythrocytes sequester in the placenta, impairing nutrient transfer and potentially causing low birth weight. Treatment depends on severity and gestation, and may include quinine, artemether-lumefantrine, or artesunate. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is also recommended. Managing complications like anemia, preterm birth and cerebral malaria is important.
Itraconazole 100mg capsules, hard smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Itraconazole Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Itraconazole Dosage & Rx Info | Itraconazole Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Itraconazole - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Itraconazole dose Taj pharmaceuticals Itraconazole interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Itraconazole contraindications, Itraconazole price, Itraconazole Taj Pharma Itraconazole 100mg Capsules, hard SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Itraconazole Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
This document summarizes information on the treatment of various medical conditions including:
- Treatment for active tuberculosis involving a multi-drug regimen over several months.
- Potential allergic reactions to penicillin and cephalosporins.
- Common adverse drug reactions for medications like acyclovir, nystatin, methotrexate, isotretinoin, timolol.
- Superinfections that can develop after long-term antibiotic use and conditions they may cause.
- Uses and side effects of medications for conditions like gout, hemorrhoids, scabies, nicotine withdrawal, acne.
Recent advances in immunosuppressants.pptxDeepakDaniel9
The document summarizes recent advances in immunosuppressants. It discusses several new drugs, their mechanisms of action targeting cytokines or cell surface receptors, and FDA-approved indications. Some of the drugs covered include dimethyl fumarate and glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis, daratumumab and elotuzumab for multiple myeloma, and canakinumab, rilonacept, tocilizumab, siltuximab, ustekinumab, secukinumab, belimumab, and ocrelizumab for various autoimmune diseases.
This document provides guidelines for using aciclovir to treat herpes simplex encephalitis and neonatal herpes simplex and varicella zoster infections. It details the indications, dosing, administration, side effects and incompatibilities of both intravenous and oral aciclovir formulations for neonatal use.
Doxycycline 100mg capsules smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
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1. Metronidazole is the most commonly used drug for both intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis as it is effective against trophozoites.
2. Other drugs include luminal amebicides like diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, and paromomycin which are only effective in the lumen.
3. For severe or resistant cases, tissue amebicides like chloroquine or emetine may be used in combination with metronidazole and a luminal drug.
Etodolac Capsules USP 300mg/400mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Etodolac Dosage & Rx Info | Etodolac Uses, Side Effects Vecuronium bromide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Etodolac-Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Etodolac dose Taj pharmaceuticals Etodolac interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Etodolac contraindications, Etodolac price, Etodolac Taj Pharma Etodolac SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Etodolac Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SmPC.
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This document discusses difficulties in treating acne and poor responders to treatment. It notes that while most patients respond well to standard acne treatments, 10-15% are poor responders. Poor response can be due to antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, non-acne infections, or high sebum production diluting antibiotics. Treatment of poor responders depends on the underlying cause and may include isotretinoin, stronger antibiotics, or hormone therapies. The document provides detailed guidelines for managing treatment-resistant acne and acne variants based on underlying pathological factors.
This document discusses medications for treating gout. It provides information on using colchicine, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and canakinumab to treat acute gouty attacks. It recommends colchicine as the preferred first-line treatment, with NSAIDs as an alternative when the gout diagnosis is confirmed. Low-dose colchicine is a new recommended regimen that is better tolerated than prior high-dose regimens. Prophylactic colchicine or NSAIDs can prevent future attacks but controlling hyperuricemia with urate-lowering agents is also important to prevent long-term tissue damage from urate deposition.
Imatinib Capsules 100mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Imatinib Dosage & Rx Info | Imatinib Uses, Side Effects Imatinib: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Imatinib -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Imatinib dose Taj pharmaceuticals Imatinib interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Imatinib contraindications, Imatinib price, Imatinib Taj Pharma Imatinib SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Imatinib Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SMPC.
1. The document discusses pharmacology and its role in prosthodontics, summarizing key drugs used for therapeutic and treatment purposes. It covers local anesthetics, antiseptics, steroids, analgesics, antimicrobials, antifungals, anxiolytics, and muscle relaxants.
2. Drugs play an important role in improving patient response during pre-treatment and post-treatment, with success often depending on proper pharmacological application.
3. Various drugs are classified as therapeutic for conditions like pain, infection, and inflammation, or as aids for prosthodontic treatments.
This document discusses various biological agents used to treat uveitis, including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors like infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, and certolizumab. It provides dosing information and potential adverse effects for each drug. Anti-interleukin therapies like daclizumab, anakinra, tocilizumab, rituximab, gevokizumab, and secukinumab are also summarized. Key points are provided on initiating and monitoring patients on biological therapies to help maximize efficacy and safety. Biologics are described as potent treatments for uveitis when conventional therapies have failed or been poorly tolerated.
Ocular allergy are a group of external ocular conditions resulting from one or more types of hypersensitivity reactions to allergens.
Anti Allergic eye drops are liquid medicine used to treat symptoms of eye allergies.
Similar to List of approved drug for marketing in india (20)
10 important drugs discovered by accidentAshish Garg
This document provides a summary of 10 important drugs that were discovered by accident. It describes how each drug was initially developed for another purpose but was later found to have unexpected medical benefits. The drugs discussed include Prontosil (the first antibiotic), Mustine (developed from mustard gas for cancer treatment), nitrous oxide (originally used as laughing gas), Cisplatin (developed for experiments but used for cancer chemotherapy), Warfarin (originally a pesticide now used as a blood thinner), the smallpox vaccine (initially used cowpox virus instead of smallpox), botulinum toxin (used for medical issues after being found in spoiled meat), Valium (developed from a chemical dye), pen
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Invokana is a new FDA-approved drug for treating type 2 diabetes that works differently than other medications on the market. It blocks the absorption of sugar from food into the bloodstream, causing the body to flush out excess sugar in the urine. Clinical trials showed it was effective at lowering blood sugar and reducing diabetes complications, but side effects included urinary tract infections and yeast infections from sugar in the urine. Some analysts predict these side effects could limit Invokana's sales potential. The FDA required additional safety studies due to concerns about effects on the heart, liver, cancer and pancreatic disease. Any effective diabetes drug with limited side effects has major market potential given the large number of people suffering from the disease.
This document provides an overview of mouth dissolving tablets (MDTs). It discusses the need for MDTs due to difficulties swallowing traditional tablets for some patients. MDTs are designed to dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the mouth without water. The document outlines the ideal properties of MDTs, challenges in their formulation, and various manufacturing techniques including lyophilization and molding. It also discusses commonly used excipients in MDTs like bulking agents, superdisintegrants, and flavors/sweeteners. In summary, this document reviews the technology and formulation considerations for MDTs, which are an important dosage form for patients who have trouble swallowing conventional tablets.
The document categorizes and defines common types of drugs used in medicine. It discusses analgesics for pain relief, antacids for indigestion, anti-anxiety drugs, antibiotics for bacterial infections, antihypertensives for blood pressure control, and many other classes of drugs used to treat specific medical conditions.
Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to lower post-meal blood glucose levels in people with diabetes by delaying the absorption of glucose in the intestine. It was developed by Takeda Pharma and works by inhibiting the enzymes that break down carbohydrates, which prevents sudden spikes in blood glucose after eating. Potential side effects include flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It is contraindicated in people with inflammatory bowel disease or those predisposed to intestinal obstruction.
Enteric coating of pharmaceutical productsAshish Garg
1) Enteric coating is used to protect drugs from gastric fluid and release them in the intestines. It uses polymers that are insoluble in acid but dissolve in basic pH.
2) Common enteric coating polymers include polymethacrylates, cellulose esters, and polyvinyl derivatives. They require plasticizers to make the coating flexible and prevent premature drug release in acid.
3) Factors like coating temperature, coating method, and storage conditions must be carefully controlled to ensure a uniform coating layer and stable drug release.
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, can be used as carriers for drugs and other molecules. They contain hemoglobin which gives blood its red color and allows for oxygen transport. Various methods can be used to entrap drugs inside erythrocytes, including osmotic lysis and electrical breakdown. Loaded erythrocytes undergo characterization to assess drug content, release kinetics, and effects on cell integrity. Erythrocytes have potential applications as targeted drug delivery vehicles to tissues like the liver or spleen.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
1. List of Approved Drug for Marketing in India
(from 01.01.2012 to 31.12.2012)
S.
Name of Drug Indication Date of issue
No.
Ornidazole IP 1 % w/w +
For the prevention and treatment of surgical
Povidone Iodine IP (0.5% w/w
1 wound infections in adult patients 03.01.12
available Iodine) 5% w/w
undergoing surgery
Ointment
Aceclofenac IP (Sustained
released pellets) 200mg/200mg + For the treatment of acute inflammation
2 Thiocolchicoside IP (Sustained conditions associated with spasm in adults 04.01.12
released pellets) 8mg/16mg only
Capsules. (New Dosage Form)
Budesonide IP 1mg/0.5mg +
Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate In the regular treatment of patients with
IP eq to Formoterol Fumarate moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive
3 04.01.12
20mcg/20mcg Respirator Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with frequent
suspension. (Additional symptoms and a history of exacerbations.
Indication)
Diclofenac Sodium IP (Enteric
coated granules) 50mg + For the treatment of Patients with acute
4 Eperisone Hcl IP (Tablet) 50mg musculoskeletal spasm associated with low 06.01.12
Hard Gelatin Capsules. (New back pain
Dosage Form)
For the treatment of adult patients with
Degarelix for Injection 80mg /
5 advanced hormone dependent prostate 19.01.12
120mg per vial
cancer.
As an adjunct to diet and exercise to
improve glycemic control in adults with type
2 diabetes mellitus.
Linagliptin film coated Tablet Important limitations of use: 1. Should not 23.01.12
6
5mg be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or
for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 2.
Has not been studied in combination with
insulin.
For the treatment of patients with locally
advanced or metastatic breast cancer who
have progressed after at least two
Eribulin mesylate solution for
7 chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced 27.01.12
injection 0.88mg / 2ml vial
disease. Prior therapy should have included
an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients
were not suitable for these treatments.
8 Plerixafor Injection 20mg/ml In combination with Granulocyte Colony 31.01.12
Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) to enhance
2. mobilisation of hematopoietic stem cells to
the peripheral blood for collection and
subsequent autologous hematopoeitic stem
cells transplantation in patients with non-
Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma
whose cells mobilise poorly.
For the treatment of clinical mastitis in
Cephalexin IP (as monohydrate)
lactating dairy cows for bacteria susceptible
200mg + Kanamycin IP (as
to the combination of cephalexin and
9 monosulphate) 100,000 IU 07.03.12
kanamycin such as Staphylococcus aureus,
Suspension per 10 gm
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus
Intramammary Suspension
uberis and Escheria coli.
For the management of pain and relief of
pain, by adhering to the mucosal surface of
the mouth, soothing oral lesions of various
etiologies, including oral
Mucotrol Concentrated Oral Gel mucositis/stomatitis (may be caused by
10 07.03.12
Wafer. chemotherapy or radiotherapy).
Irritation due to oral surgery and traumatic
ulcers caused by braces or ill fitting dentures
of diseases and for diffuse apthous ulcers.
Ulinastatin for Injection 50000
11 For the treatment of severe sepsis. 03.04.12
IU / 100000 IU
Sterile Solution for Peritoneal
Dialysis
Each 1000 ml contains: Calcium
chloride dihydrate 0.184 g/l +
Glycine 0.51 g/l + L- Alanine
0.951 g/l + L- Arginine 1.071 g/l
+ L- Isoleucine 0.85 g/l + L-
Histidine 0.714 g/l + L- Leucine As Nutritional supplements for
1.02 g/l + L- Lysine (as Hcl) malnourished renal failure patients
12 0.955 g/l + L-Methionine 0.85 (Albumin concentration lower than 35 18.04.12
g/l + L- Phenylalanine 0.57 g/l + g/litre) being maintained on peritoneal
L-Proline 0.595 g/l + L- Serine dialysis.
0.51 g/l + L- Threonine 0.646 g/l
+ L-Tryptophan 0.27 g/l + L-
Tyrosine 0.3 g/l + L-Valine
1.393 g/l + Magnesium chloride
hexahydrate 0.051 g/l + Sodium
chloride 5.38 g/l + Sodium
lactate 4.48 g/l
For the treatment of Schizophrenia in adult
Blonanserin Tablet
13 patients when first line treatment is 24.04.12
2mg/4mg/8mg
ineffective.
14 Etravirine Tablet 100mg In combination with other antiretroviral 26.04.12
3. agents for the treatment of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
infection in antiretroviral treatment-
experienced adult patients who have
evidence of viral replication and HIV-1
strains resistant to an NNRTI and other
antiretroviral agents.
It should be used only in situations where
other treatments have failed or cannot be
used because of side effects.
For the prevention of thrombiotic events
(cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction
and stroke) in patients with Acute coronary
syndromes (ACS) unstable angina, non ST
elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI)
15 Ticagrelor Tablet 90mg 01.07.12
including patients managed medically, and
those who are managed with percutaneous
those who are managed with percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary
artery by-pass grafting (CABG)
For the treatment of equine respiratory
diseases in horses where airway obstruction
due to bronchospasm and/or accumulation
of mucus is contributing factor and
improved
muco-ciliary clearance is desirable.
The product should be used alone or as an
adjuvant therapy. The product is of
particular value in cases
of:
Clenbuterol Hydrochloride - Acute, sub-acute and chronic
16 01.07.2012
Solution for injection 30mcg/ml infections where the presence of mucus
and/or
micro-organisms may stimulate
bronchospam e.g.
Bronchitis, broncholitis and
Bronchopneumonia
- Acute, sub-acute and chronic respiratory
allergies.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD
Prevention of venous thromboembolic
events (VTE) in adult patients who have
17 Apixaban Tablets 2.5mg 03.08.2012
undergone elective hip or knee replacement
surgery.
18 Ethyl esters of iodized fatty acids In Diagnostic Radiology: 22.08.2012
4. Lymphography and
Diagnosis of liver lesions.
(Diagnosis of the spread of malignant
lesions, whether hepatic or not, by selective
hepatic arterial injection).
In Interventional Radiology:
Embolization with surgical glues.
of poppy seed oil solution for
(In association with surgical glues during
injection 48%.
vascular embolizations).
In Endocrinology:
Prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.
(This treatment should only be used when
other methods of supplementation,
particularly iodization of salt and/or
drinking water, cannot be undertaken)
For the treatment of euvolemic
hyponatremia (e.g. the syndrome of
inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic
Conivaptan Hydrochloride
19 hormone , or in the setting of 21.08.2012
Injection 20mg/4ml.
hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency,
pulmonary disorders, etc.) in hospitalized
patients.
Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise
to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults with primary
Colesevelam Hydrochloride hyperlipidemia as monotherapy or in
Tablets 625mg & Sachets for combination with an hydroxymethyl-
20 29.08.2012
oral suspension glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase
3.75gm/1.875gm. inhibitor (statin).
Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise
to improve glycemic control in adults with
type 2 diabetes mellitus.
For the treatment of clinically significant
hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia
[serum sodium < 125mEq/L or less marked
hyponatremia that is symptomatic and has
21 Tolvaptan Tablets 15/30mg 06.09.2012
resisted correction with fluid restriction],
including patients with heart failure,
cirhossis, and syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
For the treatment of major depression in
22 Agomelatine Tablets 25mg adult patients aged 18 – 65 years only with 10.09.2012
normal liver functions.
23 Almotriptan Tablet For acute treatment of migraine attacks with 05.10.12
6.25mg/12.5mg a history of migraine with or without aura in
5. adults.
Choline Fenofibrate DR Capsule For treatment of mixed lipidemia in
24 45mg/135mg & DR Tablet combination with statins, severe 01.11.12
45mg/135mg. hypertriglyceridemia.
Trimethoxysilyl Quaternary
Surface protectant and disinfectant for
Ammonium Chloride solution
25 persistent disinfection of all inanimate 16.11.12
for spray inanimate surfaces for
surfaces. Effective upto 14 days.
disinfection 0.71%.
Imipenem IP (Sterile) eq to For the treatment of serious lower
anhydrous Imipenem 1 g + respiratory tract infections, urinary tract
26 Cilastatin Sodium IP (sterile) eq infections, intra-abdominal, bone and joint 28.06.12
to Cilastatin 1 g Powder for infection, endocardities and bacterial
Injection (Additional strength) septiceimia
Diclofenac Diethylamine BP
4.64 % w/v Eq. to Diclofenac
For the Treatment of Acute Lower Back
27 Sodium IP 4.00 % + Absolute 21.12.12
Pain
Alcohol IP 10.00 % v/v Topical
Solution