The document provides a response to the SEC's proposal to grant an exemption allowing natural persons called "Finders" to connect investors with small businesses needing capital without registering as brokers. The response recommends: (1) eliminating the two proposed tiers of Finders and having one tier with comprehensive regulations; (2) expanding the definition of Finders to include professional service providers; and (3) requiring Finders to register online with the SEC and confirm understanding and intent to comply with regulations. The response then answers each of the SEC's 45 questions, providing further recommendations to improve the proposed exemption.
Regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in CanadaPemo Theodore
Presentation given by Brian Koscak, Partner, Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP; Co-Chair, Equity Crowdfunding Alliance of Canada; Chair, Private Capital Markets Association of Canada @SV Crowdfunding Conference April 3, 2014
Preparing for the Crowdfunding Revolution Dara Albright
A wave of financial innovation and regulatory reform is revolutionizing Wall Street and popularizing new asset classes aimed at democratizing the flow of capital and giving smaller investors and businesses greater opportunities to prosper. As a result, the financial services industry is undergoing a dramatic transformation that is rapidly rendering traditional banking and brokerage revenue models obsolete, conventional capital raising strategies unfeasible and typical asset class returns negligible. This is a must-view presentation for all broker-dealers, investment bankers, financial advisors, issuers and investors looking to capitalize on this surge of industry disruption. This presentation helps prepare investors, asset allocators and issuers for the forthcoming Crowdfunding Revolution. It is loaded with the latest financial and legal knowledge from renowned crowfund industry experts.
VanFUNDING 2016: Cross border and international crowdfinance (Raising capita...Craig Asano
Presentation slides for Panel discussion on Raising Capital in the U.S. What financing exemptions are available to Canadian issuers interested in raising funds in the United States where the market is ten-fold with a significant appetite for risk capital, pros and cons and process. Moderated discussion led by Alixe Cormick of Venture Law Corporation in discussion with New York Securities attorney, George Georgiades, Esq., President of AltFinEsq, and Bob Poole, Principal, CPA, CGA, Davidson & Company LLP and Dylan Connelly, Principal, CPA, CA, Davidson & Company LLP
Regulation of Equity Crowdfunding in CanadaPemo Theodore
Presentation given by Brian Koscak, Partner, Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP; Co-Chair, Equity Crowdfunding Alliance of Canada; Chair, Private Capital Markets Association of Canada @SV Crowdfunding Conference April 3, 2014
Preparing for the Crowdfunding Revolution Dara Albright
A wave of financial innovation and regulatory reform is revolutionizing Wall Street and popularizing new asset classes aimed at democratizing the flow of capital and giving smaller investors and businesses greater opportunities to prosper. As a result, the financial services industry is undergoing a dramatic transformation that is rapidly rendering traditional banking and brokerage revenue models obsolete, conventional capital raising strategies unfeasible and typical asset class returns negligible. This is a must-view presentation for all broker-dealers, investment bankers, financial advisors, issuers and investors looking to capitalize on this surge of industry disruption. This presentation helps prepare investors, asset allocators and issuers for the forthcoming Crowdfunding Revolution. It is loaded with the latest financial and legal knowledge from renowned crowfund industry experts.
VanFUNDING 2016: Cross border and international crowdfinance (Raising capita...Craig Asano
Presentation slides for Panel discussion on Raising Capital in the U.S. What financing exemptions are available to Canadian issuers interested in raising funds in the United States where the market is ten-fold with a significant appetite for risk capital, pros and cons and process. Moderated discussion led by Alixe Cormick of Venture Law Corporation in discussion with New York Securities attorney, George Georgiades, Esq., President of AltFinEsq, and Bob Poole, Principal, CPA, CGA, Davidson & Company LLP and Dylan Connelly, Principal, CPA, CA, Davidson & Company LLP
Claims by acquirers sellers and unsuccessful biddersPolsinelli PC
The third webinar presentation in the M&A Litigation Series examines M&A-related disputes that arise between and among contracting parties and unsuccessful bidders. These disputes are discussed with reference to remedy provisions and representations and warranties contained in merger agreements, as well as with respect to merger-related letters of intent and memoranda of understanding. Contract remedies as well as equitable remedies (such as specific enforcement) are addressed.
This webinar will discuss:
Contract Indemnity
Breaches of Representations and Warranties
Specific Performance
Liabilities Under Letters of Intent and Memorandums of Understanding
ON OUR PANEL:
Matthew Knoop | Shareholder
Mary Bannister | Shareholder
Robert Spake | Associate
Crowdfinance -101 (Series: Crypto, Crowdfunding & Other Crazy Concepts)Financial Poise
What is the “crowd” in Crowdfinance? What does the crowd thus buy and by what means and modes? And why should the crowd do this rather than put its money to work otherwise? What are the old (and continuing) modes for marketing and selling private securities? What is it like to purchase private securities from on-line portals? How are risks of fraud and mistake allocated there? Do on-line portals help get the rest of us in on unicorns in utero? How are equity securities purchased by the crowd turned into money? Is there a secondary market for private securities? Should ICOs be understood as crowdfinance by other means?
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfinance-101-2021/
Valuing Real Estate Assets (Series: Fairness Issues in Real Estate-Based Bank...Financial Poise
As the expression goes, the value of real estate is in the eye of the beholder. Ultimately, the value is whatever the market is willing to pay. While income producing properties, particularly with creditworthy tenants, may be fairly routine to value based on the current rate of return demands in the market, non-income producing properties may be more speculative.
For example, even the most seasoned appraiser may struggle with finding comparative sales for a property. A landowner might see their property value go up exponentially “if only” the city council will allow for a zoning variance. Many an owner believes that their property is in the “path of progress,” but when? Is it reasonable to value a property “as stabilized” if it is only forty percent leased? These are the types of questions we will consider.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/valuing-real-estate-assets-2021/
Private Offering Exemptions and Private Placements (Series: Securities Law Ma...Financial Poise
The private capital markets have become an increasingly important source of funding for both private and public companies alike. Today total capital raised through private placements surpasses total capital raised in public offerings. What’s more, in recent years legislation like the JOBS Act has made a number of significant changes to laws and regulations governing private capital markets. Consequently, understanding the myriad private offering exemptions and how to properly conduct a private placement is crucial for not only for lawyers, but also for executives, managers, directors and anyone involved in corporate finance transactions.
To listen to this webinar on-demand, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/private-offering-exemptions-and-private-placements-2020/
Crowdfunding from the Investor's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding)Financial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfunding-from-the-investors-perspective-2021/
Crowdfunding from the Investor's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding 2020) Financial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
CROWDFUNDING 2022 - Crowdfunding from the Investor's PerspectiveFinancial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
Part of the webinar series: Crowdfunding 2022
See more at https://www.financialpoise.com/webinars/
CROWDFUNDING 2022 - Securities Crowdfunding for IntermediariesFinancial Poise
This webinar addresses crowdfunding portals and intermediaries. This episode begins with a basic overview of the various methods of crowdfunding, from donation and rewards based, to intra-state equity, debt, and finally securities based crowdfunding under Titles II, III and IV of the JOBS Act. Once those differences are understood, the webinar focuses on the need for intermediaries, the role that they can and sometimes must play, followed by a discussion on how the market has matured and where we see the market going in the online capital space. This webinar also discusses the risks and future of these intermediaries with the advent of the ICO and token distribution events.
Part of the webinar series: Crowdfunding 2022
See more at https://www.financialpoise.com/webinars/
Securities Crowdfunding for Intermediaries (Series: Crowdfunding 2020)Financial Poise
This webinar addresses crowdfunding portals and intermediaries. This episode begins with a basic overview of the various methods of crowdfunding, from donation and rewards based, to intra-state equity, debt, and finally securities based crowdfunding under Titles II, III and IV of the JOBS Act. Once those differences are understood, the webinar focuses on the need for intermediaries, the role that they can and sometimes must play, followed by a discussion on how the market has matured and where we see the market going in the online capital space. This webinar also discusses the risks and future of these intermediaries with the advent of the ICO and token distribution events.
To listen to this webinar on-demand, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/securities-crowdfunding-for-intermediaries-2020/
Claims by acquirers sellers and unsuccessful biddersPolsinelli PC
The third webinar presentation in the M&A Litigation Series examines M&A-related disputes that arise between and among contracting parties and unsuccessful bidders. These disputes are discussed with reference to remedy provisions and representations and warranties contained in merger agreements, as well as with respect to merger-related letters of intent and memoranda of understanding. Contract remedies as well as equitable remedies (such as specific enforcement) are addressed.
This webinar will discuss:
Contract Indemnity
Breaches of Representations and Warranties
Specific Performance
Liabilities Under Letters of Intent and Memorandums of Understanding
ON OUR PANEL:
Matthew Knoop | Shareholder
Mary Bannister | Shareholder
Robert Spake | Associate
Crowdfinance -101 (Series: Crypto, Crowdfunding & Other Crazy Concepts)Financial Poise
What is the “crowd” in Crowdfinance? What does the crowd thus buy and by what means and modes? And why should the crowd do this rather than put its money to work otherwise? What are the old (and continuing) modes for marketing and selling private securities? What is it like to purchase private securities from on-line portals? How are risks of fraud and mistake allocated there? Do on-line portals help get the rest of us in on unicorns in utero? How are equity securities purchased by the crowd turned into money? Is there a secondary market for private securities? Should ICOs be understood as crowdfinance by other means?
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfinance-101-2021/
Valuing Real Estate Assets (Series: Fairness Issues in Real Estate-Based Bank...Financial Poise
As the expression goes, the value of real estate is in the eye of the beholder. Ultimately, the value is whatever the market is willing to pay. While income producing properties, particularly with creditworthy tenants, may be fairly routine to value based on the current rate of return demands in the market, non-income producing properties may be more speculative.
For example, even the most seasoned appraiser may struggle with finding comparative sales for a property. A landowner might see their property value go up exponentially “if only” the city council will allow for a zoning variance. Many an owner believes that their property is in the “path of progress,” but when? Is it reasonable to value a property “as stabilized” if it is only forty percent leased? These are the types of questions we will consider.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/valuing-real-estate-assets-2021/
Private Offering Exemptions and Private Placements (Series: Securities Law Ma...Financial Poise
The private capital markets have become an increasingly important source of funding for both private and public companies alike. Today total capital raised through private placements surpasses total capital raised in public offerings. What’s more, in recent years legislation like the JOBS Act has made a number of significant changes to laws and regulations governing private capital markets. Consequently, understanding the myriad private offering exemptions and how to properly conduct a private placement is crucial for not only for lawyers, but also for executives, managers, directors and anyone involved in corporate finance transactions.
To listen to this webinar on-demand, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/private-offering-exemptions-and-private-placements-2020/
Crowdfunding from the Investor's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding)Financial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfunding-from-the-investors-perspective-2021/
Crowdfunding from the Investor's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding 2020) Financial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
CROWDFUNDING 2022 - Crowdfunding from the Investor's PerspectiveFinancial Poise
This webinar focuses on the opportunities that crowdfunding makes available to the investor, and how the investor should go about navigating this new world. We begin with a basic overview of the new regulatory regime, the requirements to invest, and the on-boarding process one should expect. We then dive deeper into the market opportunity, including how to access and select investments, and expectations investors should set for themselves and the projects they select. This is not intended to support any specific deal selection, but instead sheds a light upon the basic selection criteria available, the method to go about investing and what to avoid.
Part of the webinar series: Crowdfunding 2022
See more at https://www.financialpoise.com/webinars/
CROWDFUNDING 2022 - Securities Crowdfunding for IntermediariesFinancial Poise
This webinar addresses crowdfunding portals and intermediaries. This episode begins with a basic overview of the various methods of crowdfunding, from donation and rewards based, to intra-state equity, debt, and finally securities based crowdfunding under Titles II, III and IV of the JOBS Act. Once those differences are understood, the webinar focuses on the need for intermediaries, the role that they can and sometimes must play, followed by a discussion on how the market has matured and where we see the market going in the online capital space. This webinar also discusses the risks and future of these intermediaries with the advent of the ICO and token distribution events.
Part of the webinar series: Crowdfunding 2022
See more at https://www.financialpoise.com/webinars/
Securities Crowdfunding for Intermediaries (Series: Crowdfunding 2020)Financial Poise
This webinar addresses crowdfunding portals and intermediaries. This episode begins with a basic overview of the various methods of crowdfunding, from donation and rewards based, to intra-state equity, debt, and finally securities based crowdfunding under Titles II, III and IV of the JOBS Act. Once those differences are understood, the webinar focuses on the need for intermediaries, the role that they can and sometimes must play, followed by a discussion on how the market has matured and where we see the market going in the online capital space. This webinar also discusses the risks and future of these intermediaries with the advent of the ICO and token distribution events.
To listen to this webinar on-demand, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/securities-crowdfunding-for-intermediaries-2020/
Crowdfunding from the Start-Up's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding 2020) Financial Poise
How can businesses use the tools created by the JOBS Act to access capital? This webinar compares raising money online to traditional methods of capital raising. It also compares each of the different titles available under the JOBS Act. Finally, we discuss and compare the differences between security based crowdfunding and rewards based crowdfunding, exploring those instances where such a method would make sense.
To listen to this webinar on demand, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfunding-from-the-start-ups-perspective-2020/
CROWDFUNDING 2022 - Crowdfunding from the Start-Up's Perspective Financial Poise
How can businesses use the tools created by the JOBS Act to access capital? This webinar compares raising money online to traditional methods of capital raising. It also compares each of the different titles available under the JOBS Act. Finally, we discuss and compare the differences between security based crowdfunding and rewards based crowdfunding, exploring those instances where such a method would make sense.
Part of the webinar series: Crowdfunding 2022
See more at https://www.financialpoise.com/webinars/
Crowdfunding from the Start-Up's Perspective (Series: Crowdfunding)Financial Poise
How can businesses use the tools created by the JOBS Act to access capital? This webinar compares raising money online to traditional methods of capital raising. It also compares each of the different titles available under the JOBS Act. Finally, we discuss and compare the differences between security based crowdfunding and rewards based crowdfunding, exploring those instances where such a method would make sense.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/crowdfunding-from-the-start-ups-perspective-2021/
Hedge Fund Due Diligence: Resources to Help Investors Better Understand Their...HedgeFundFundamentals
In light of recent changes brought forth by the new rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) implementing the Jumpstart our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, this presentation is designed as an educational tool with basic information about who can invest in hedge funds as well as some potential red flags regarding investment fraud.
Securities Crowdfunding for Intermediaries (Series: Crowdfunding)Financial Poise
This webinar addresses crowdfunding portals and intermediaries. This episode begins with a basic overview of the various methods of crowdfunding, from donation and rewards based, to intra-state equity, debt, and finally securities based crowdfunding under Titles II, III and IV of the JOBS Act. Once those differences are understood, the webinar focuses on the need for intermediaries, the role that they can and sometimes must play, followed by a discussion on how the market has matured and where we see the market going in the online capital space. This webinar also discusses the risks and future of these intermediaries with the advent of the ICO and token distribution events.
To view the accompanying webinar, go to: https://www.financialpoise.com/financial-poise-webinars/securities-crowdfunding-for-intermediaries-2021/
Sec Request for Comments Securities Offerings Rule 506, Form S-1 Reg Aseclawyer
Hamilton & Associates Law Group, a boutique securities law firm in Boca Raton, Florida, would like to take this opportunity to comment on the Commission’s concept release on Securities Offerings Rule 506, Form S-1 and Regulation A.
Presentation delivered by Brian Korn, Partner at Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP at FinFair 2015
According to Brian Korn, “Reg A+ ushers in a new type of quasi-public offering that breaks the classic dichotomy of registered public offering or private placement. It is also a novel opportunity for small business lending platforms to raise capital from both accredited and non-accredited investors without becoming fully registered public companies.” In this presentation, Korn shows how Reg A+ is being utilized to create payment-dependent notes and engineer new retail fixed-income products.
Comments on Sunshine Act...reporting of payments and transfers of value to ph...Dickson Consulting
CMS solicited comments and this letter was written in response.Bottom line is that this is a regulatory burden that costs companies and the government money with little or no benefit.
CMS solicited comments and this letter was written in response. Bottom line is we need to reduce to the deficit by eliminating programs like this.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
1. pg. 1
Robert J. Dickson
bo@dicksonconsulting.biz
724-272-1527
October 21, 2020
Vanessa A. Countryman
Secretary
Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, DC 20549-1090
RE: File No. S7-13-20
Proposed Exemptive Order Granting Conditional Exemption from the Broker
Registration Requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act
This is a response to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) proposal to grant
exemptive relief to permit natural persons (“Finders”) to engage in certain limited activities on
behalf of issuers, without registering as brokers. Thank you for your efforts to facilitate the
flow of capital to businesses, particularly emerging businesses.
While the proposed regulations are an excellent first step, an overall approach such as outlined
below, would make any better and more sustainable regulations.
Only create one tier or class of Finder, similar to that of a Tier II Finder, and broaden the
eligibility to include professional service providers such as lawyers, CPA’s, financial
management consultants, etc.
Develop comprehensive guidelines and review, evaluate, and incorporate appropriate
points from prior letters so only one set of comprehensive regulations exists. The
intend would be to preserve the concept of a Finder but have robust regulations and
guidelines.
Require on-line registration of a Finder with the SEC and confirmation or understanding
and intended compliance with the regulations and guidelines, within three days of
signing a contract with an issuer.
Following are responses to the 45 questions posed by the SEC in the proposal:
1. Have we accurately and completely identified the legal uncertainties, if any, around the
involvement by Finders in connecting investors with small firms in need of capital? Perhaps,
but a more comprehensive set or guidelines and a regulation should be developed. In addition,
these Federal regulations may not provide the benefit intended since most states’ security laws
require registration or licensing of finders.
2. pg. 2
2. Have we appropriately defined Tier I Finders and Tier II Finders? No. Tier I Finders have not
been adequately defined. Defining a Tier 1 Finder as someone who only provides contact
information for individuals reasonably believed to be accredited investors invites the
development and sale of a “contact” list. This could become similar to the sale of names for
other commercial purposes. Once an accredited investors name is on such a list they could be
overwhelmed by general solicitations from Issuers. Even though a Tier 1 Finder could only use
the list once every 12 months, such a list could be easily shared among Finders.
Should there be two tiers of Finders or instead should there be multiple tiers of Finders?
Should there be only one tier of Finders? Tier I Finders should be eliminated and there should
be only one tier of Finders, with the same regulations and guidelines for all Finders.
3. Should the definition of Finder be limited to natural persons? No, the definition of Finder
should be expanded to included professional service firms such as law firms, CPA firms and
financial management consulting firms. Such firms frequently have a knowledge of the issuer
or a specialized industry knowledge and contacts which would be beneficial to an Issuer.
Limiting the definition to natural persons creates a void in professional relationships between
Finders and Broker Dealers.
4. Should the definition of Finder be limited to a natural person resident in the U.S.? Yes, the
definition should be limited to a natural person resident in the U.S., who is a U.S. citizen.
Expanding the definition of Finder beyond this creates an opportunity for Finders to be involved
and then leave the country.
5. Have we appropriately identified the activities in which each tier of Finder should and
should not be able to engage? See comment on elimination of Tier 1.
Does the proposed exemption provide a workable path forFinders to be engaged in this
activity? Yes, except as commented on herein.
6. Have we appropriately limited the types of investors whom a Finder can “find” or solicit?
Yes.
Instead of limiting potential investors to those the Finder reasonably believes are accredited
investors, should investors identified by Finders be subject to investment limitations,
regardless of the exemption being relied upon, such as a dollar limit on the size of the
investment? If so, please specify. No
7. Should the Finder be prohibited from engaging in general solicitation as proposed? No
Would this create practical problems for a Finder? Yes.
For example, would a Finder be able to establish a pre-existing substantive relationship with
investors in order to not engage in general solicitation? Effective business leaders, who could
be Finders, attempt to establish substantive relationships throughout their careers, on a
continuing basis.
3. pg. 3
8. Should we limit the proposed exemption to offerings of a specific size threshold? If so,
how should we define such threshold? No
9. Have we appropriately limited the number of offerings a Tier I Finder can participate in on
an annual basis? See comments on elimination of Tier 1 Finders.
10. Is the limitation that Tier I Finders do not have any contact with potentialinvestors about
the issuer workable? Should we instead permit Tier I Finders to have some contact with
potential investors? See comments on elimination of Tier 1 Finders.
11. Should we define “capital raising transaction” for purposes of Tier 1? If so, how? Yes, any
form or equity or debt, including leases.
12. Have we appropriately defined the conditions that should apply to the proposed
exemption for each tier of Finder? See comments on elimination of Tier 1 Finders.
Is more clarity, specificity or flexibility required with respect to the proposed conditions?
Review of previous letters and development of more guidelines.
Are there other or different conditions that should apply to the proposed exemption? None
have been identified.
13. Should Finders be able to “find” or solicit investors only for exempt offerings, as
proposed? Yes
Should Finders be able to “find” or solicit investors only for offerings under certain
exemptions from registration? If so, which ones? No
14. Should Finders be able to “find” or solicit for all non-Exchange Act reporting companies or
should they be able to solicit for a narrower or wider range of companies? Finders should be
permitted to find or solicit for all non-Exchange Act reporting companies. The question
contains the word “able” and the definition of able is not clear.
15. Should Finders only be able to “find” or solicit for primary offerings? No. The question
contains the word “able” and the definition of able is not clear.
Should we expand the scope of the proposed exemption to secondary offerings, such as
transactions facilitating the sale of equity by employees holding options or warrants? Yes,
but only when the secondary offering is being made through the Issuer, since the Issuer is only
capable of proving comprehensive information related to the offering.
16. Should the proposed exemption include limitations on the types of securities for which a
Finder can “find” or solicit investors? Yes. Securities that are bundled or derivative in nature
should be excluded.
4. pg. 4
17. Is more clarity or specificity required with respect tothe specific written disclosures that
are a condition of the proposed exemption for Tier II Finders? Yes. See comments on prior
letters issued by the SEC.
Should we provide more guidance about any of the specific written disclosures? Yes,
examples of contract language between Issuers and Finders; examples of language for Finders
disclosures to potential investors.
18. Are there any specific written disclosures to investors that should be required, beyond
those that are a condition of the proposed exemption for Tier II Finders? No
Should the disclosures be required tobe written or should the Finderbe permitted to provide
them orally? Written
Should the written disclosures be required at all? Yes
19. Should we adopt comparable disclosure requirements with disclosures required under the
proposed changes to Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act 97 for solicitations of investors in
private funds, if adopted? Yes, for the sake of consistency.
Should the disclosures required by Tier II Finders be deemed to satisfy the disclosure
requirements under the proposed changes to Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act 98 for
solicitations of investors in private funds, if adopted? Only if completely consistent.
20. Should Tier II Finders be required to receive an acknowledgment of receipt of the required
disclosure from the investor? Yes
If so, are there methods other than an acknowledgment, for example, a read receipt for e-
mail, that could serve to validate that investors received the required disclosure? No,
investors should sign and return the required disclosure document.
21. Should Tier I Finders be subject to a disclosure and acknowledgment requirement? Tier I
Finders should be eliminated.
22. Should Tier II Finders be required to enter into a written agreement with the issuer where
the issuer, without affecting the Finder’s obligations, also assumes liability with respect to
investors for the Finder’s misstatements in the course of his or her engagement by the issuer?
Yes
23. Should the proposed exemption be conditioned on a Finder filing a notice with the
Commission of reliance on the exemption from registration? Yes
Why or why not? Yes, filing a notice formalizes the Finder’s role and provides some discipline t
the process.
If so, when should Finders be required to file the notice? What, if any, disclosures should be
required in the notice? Within three days of execution of an agreement with Issuer.
5. pg. 5
24. Should there be any limitations on the amount of fee a Finder can receive? Yes.
Frequently a Finder is paid from the proceeds of the issuance so the fee will diminish the value
to the Investor. So, the fee should be no more than 5% of the amount secured from the Finders
contacts.
25. Should we impose limitations on the form of compensation Finders can receive? No,
issuers frequently desire to compensate Finders with stock. Finders acceptance of stock as
compensation demonstrates a commitment to the issuers business.
Should Finders be prohibited in certain circumstances from receiving transaction-based
compensation, and instead be required to receive compensation that is not tied to the
success of the transaction (that is a fixed fee or other arrangement)? No. Issuers frequently
rely on transaction-based, success fee arrangements.
If so, under what circumstances and how should Finders then be compensated? Fixed fee or
other arrangements should be permitted.
26. Should a Finder be able to receive a financial interest in an issuer as compensation for its
services? Yes.
Why or why not? Issuers frequently desire to compensate Finders with stock. Finders
acceptance of stock as compensation demonstrates a commitment to the Issuers business.
However, any agreement between the Issuer and the Finder should highlight that non-cash
compensation, such as stock grants, may be subject to income taxes and the Issuer will issue a
Form 1099.
27. Are the explicit limitations on the activities in which Finders can or cannot engage
appropriate for each tier of Finder? See comment about eliminating Tier I Finders. Limitations
on Tier II Finders seem appropriate.
What other activities should be expressly permitted or prohibited for each class of Finder?
Finders postings of availability of offerings to attract potential investors on social media sites
should be prohibited.
28. Should we provide guidance on how a Finder can establish that he or she did not know
and, in the exercise of reasonable care, could not have known, that the issuer had failed to
comply with the conditions of an exemption? Yes, the more guidance the better.
29. Should we provide further guidance on the solicitation-related activities in which Tier II
Finders can engage on behalf of an issuer, for example, guidance surrounding a Tier II Finder’s
discussion of issuer information and arrangement and participation in meetings with issuers
and investors? Yes, the more guidance the better.
30. Should we provide guidance regarding activities of private fund advisers, M&A Brokers as
defined in the M&A Broker Letter,99 or real estate brokers that may require registration
under Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act? Yes, the more guidance the better.
6. pg. 6
Should we consider codifying the M&A Broker Letter? Yes. See comment on compiling all
guidance into one comprehensive regulation.
31. Are there other areas in which the Commission should provide guidance regarding the
registration requirements of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act to other types of limited
purpose broker-dealers? None have been identified.
32. If the proposed exemption is adopted, which staff letters, if any, should or should not be
withdrawn, and why? Over the years, individual issues have been addressed by a patchwork
of staff guidance and no-action letters. All previous guidance and staff letters should be
reviewed, evaluated and where appropriate included in the regulations or as guidance for
Issuers and Finders. Then all previous letters should be withdrawn.
33. Have we appropriately defined the disqualification condition for Finders? Yes.
34. Have we appropriately limited the proposed exemption to individuals who are not
associated persons of a broker-dealer? Yes.
35. Should the proposed exemption include a limitation such that it would not be available to
individuals who were associated persons of a broker-dealerwithin the previous 12 months?
No, any such limitation should be included in a non-compete agreement between the Issuer
and the Finder.
36. Should the proposed exemption be limited to individuals who are not associated persons
of a municipal advisor or investment adviser representatives of an investment adviser? No
37. Should the proposed exemption be limited to individuals who are not associated persons
of an issuer? Yes
Why or why not? Individuals who are associated persons of the issuer could potentially be in
a conflict of interest situation and should not be exempt.
38. Would the proposed exemption provide sufficient investorprotections while promoting
capital formation for small businesses? If adopted based on appropriate recommendations.
39. Would the proposed exemption have a competitive impact on registered brokers? Yes and
no. The proposed exemption would create competitors for such services traditional provided
by brokers. But brokers may determine that Finders can increase the effectiveness of raising
capital. And Brokers may choose to engage Finders.
40. With respect to the activities permitted for Tier I Finders, what are the practical
implications of the requirements if they were subject to broker registration? See comments
on eliminating Tier I Finders.
What about for Tier II Finders? The practical implications are that the work now sometimes
done in a grey area would be subject to definite regulations and guidelines.
7. pg. 7
41. Should we instead take an alternative approach for either class of Finders. Create one tier
with robust regulations and guidelines.
42. Are there areas related to the proposed Finders framework for which the Commission
should provide guidance? See previous comments on guidance.
43. Should we coordinate with other regulators to provide clarity and consistency on what
types of activities Finders and other limited purpose brokers may engage in? Consider
coordinating with all U.S. states.
44. Are there any other sources of data or information that could assist the Commission in
analyzing the consequences of the proposed exemption? None have been identified.
45. Are there any other considerations in this regard that the Commission should take into
account as it considers the exemptive relief? None have been identified.
***********
Thank you for proposing the exemptive relief and please act expeditiously to finalize the
proposal.
Sincerely yours,
RobertJ.Dickson
Robert J. Dickson
Partner, McCracken
Affiliated Partners