Role and-impact-of-fiis-on-indian-capital-marketfreny m
This document is a project report on the role and impact of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) on the Indian capital market. It includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis and conclusions. The introduction provides the objectives of studying FII trends and their influence on the Indian capital market from 1992 to 2012. It also acknowledges those who provided guidance and support. The literature review covers the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s that opened the door to FIIs and their importance as portfolio investors. The methodology section outlines the research design, data collection, sample and tools used for analysis. The analysis and conclusions examine trends in FII flows and their impact on the stock market and economy.
DEVELOPMENT BANK as well as case study of ICICI BANKMeenakshi Kokate
The document discusses development banks in India. It provides definitions and explains that development banks were established after World War II to provide subsidized financing for sectors like agriculture, industry, and housing to promote economic development. It outlines the key features of development banks, including that they are specialized financial institutions that provide medium and long-term loans without accepting deposits from the public. Their primary objective is to promote investment and entrepreneurship.
Economic liberalization in India began in 1991 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Reforms across financial, fiscal, trade, and industrial sectors aimed to reduce restrictions and open the economy to private and foreign investment. This included abolishing industrial licensing, rationalizing tariffs, adopting a flexible exchange rate, and deregulating domestic markets. Liberalization led to increased growth rates in GDP, exports, industrial production, and per capita income. India's economy has become one of the fastest growing in the world as a result of these reforms.
A project report on portfolio managementProjects Kart
Portfolio management involves managing a group of investments to meet organizational goals and reduce risk. It includes deciding which investments to select and fund, and which to discontinue. The document discusses how portfolio management applies to managing software applications, products, and initiatives within an organization. It aims to maximize returns and diversify investments across different asset classes or types of projects.
Disinvestment refers to the action of an organization the government in selling or liquidating an asset or subsidiary. It is also referred to as ‘divestment’ or ‘divestiture.’ In simple words, disinvestment is the withdrawal of capital from a country or corporation. Some of the salient features of disinvestment are:
1. Disinvestment involves the sale of only part of equity holdings held by the Government to private investors.
2. The disinvestment process leads only to dilution of ownership and not a transfer of full ownership. While, privatization refers to the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.
3. Disinvestment is called as ‘Partial Privatization’.
A STUDY ON INVESTOR PREFERENCE IN MUTUAL FUND AT ICICI PRUDENTIAL AMC LTD.Chinna Bangaram
Mutual funds pool money from investors and invest it in a portfolio of securities like stocks, bonds and other instruments. Investors earn returns from the earnings generated by these investments.
The document discusses the history and growth of mutual funds in India and abroad. It provides classifications of mutual funds into open-ended and close-ended schemes. Key regulations governing mutual funds in India such as capital gains tax exemption and maturity periods are outlined.
Details about ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company such as its sponsors, management and awards are given. The various types of mutual fund schemes offered by ICICI Prudential targeting different risk appetites are also mentioned.
This document is a project report submitted by Chandrasekhar Goud for his MBA in finance. The report studies online trading and stock broking at Sharekhan Pvt Ltd. The objectives are to analyze changes after moving from outcry to online trading, study Sharekhan's departments, understand their online trading system, and explore future developments. The methodology includes interviews with Sharekhan and collecting secondary data from materials, magazines, and books. Some limitations include brokers providing little market insight and potential queuing delays accessing markets through brokers.
The document discusses the relevance of management education in the government sector. It notes that while governments own many top management institutions, management education currently caters mainly to the corporate world and there is a lack of linkage between education and government requirements. There are also disparities in the spread of management institutions and sectors that graduates enter. The document calls for management education to better support good governance and the needs of the public sector, especially in areas like procurement and project management where challenges exist. Establishing professional management practices could help improve governmental functioning and service delivery.
Role and-impact-of-fiis-on-indian-capital-marketfreny m
This document is a project report on the role and impact of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) on the Indian capital market. It includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis and conclusions. The introduction provides the objectives of studying FII trends and their influence on the Indian capital market from 1992 to 2012. It also acknowledges those who provided guidance and support. The literature review covers the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s that opened the door to FIIs and their importance as portfolio investors. The methodology section outlines the research design, data collection, sample and tools used for analysis. The analysis and conclusions examine trends in FII flows and their impact on the stock market and economy.
DEVELOPMENT BANK as well as case study of ICICI BANKMeenakshi Kokate
The document discusses development banks in India. It provides definitions and explains that development banks were established after World War II to provide subsidized financing for sectors like agriculture, industry, and housing to promote economic development. It outlines the key features of development banks, including that they are specialized financial institutions that provide medium and long-term loans without accepting deposits from the public. Their primary objective is to promote investment and entrepreneurship.
Economic liberalization in India began in 1991 in response to a balance of payments crisis. Reforms across financial, fiscal, trade, and industrial sectors aimed to reduce restrictions and open the economy to private and foreign investment. This included abolishing industrial licensing, rationalizing tariffs, adopting a flexible exchange rate, and deregulating domestic markets. Liberalization led to increased growth rates in GDP, exports, industrial production, and per capita income. India's economy has become one of the fastest growing in the world as a result of these reforms.
A project report on portfolio managementProjects Kart
Portfolio management involves managing a group of investments to meet organizational goals and reduce risk. It includes deciding which investments to select and fund, and which to discontinue. The document discusses how portfolio management applies to managing software applications, products, and initiatives within an organization. It aims to maximize returns and diversify investments across different asset classes or types of projects.
Disinvestment refers to the action of an organization the government in selling or liquidating an asset or subsidiary. It is also referred to as ‘divestment’ or ‘divestiture.’ In simple words, disinvestment is the withdrawal of capital from a country or corporation. Some of the salient features of disinvestment are:
1. Disinvestment involves the sale of only part of equity holdings held by the Government to private investors.
2. The disinvestment process leads only to dilution of ownership and not a transfer of full ownership. While, privatization refers to the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.
3. Disinvestment is called as ‘Partial Privatization’.
A STUDY ON INVESTOR PREFERENCE IN MUTUAL FUND AT ICICI PRUDENTIAL AMC LTD.Chinna Bangaram
Mutual funds pool money from investors and invest it in a portfolio of securities like stocks, bonds and other instruments. Investors earn returns from the earnings generated by these investments.
The document discusses the history and growth of mutual funds in India and abroad. It provides classifications of mutual funds into open-ended and close-ended schemes. Key regulations governing mutual funds in India such as capital gains tax exemption and maturity periods are outlined.
Details about ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company such as its sponsors, management and awards are given. The various types of mutual fund schemes offered by ICICI Prudential targeting different risk appetites are also mentioned.
This document is a project report submitted by Chandrasekhar Goud for his MBA in finance. The report studies online trading and stock broking at Sharekhan Pvt Ltd. The objectives are to analyze changes after moving from outcry to online trading, study Sharekhan's departments, understand their online trading system, and explore future developments. The methodology includes interviews with Sharekhan and collecting secondary data from materials, magazines, and books. Some limitations include brokers providing little market insight and potential queuing delays accessing markets through brokers.
The document discusses the relevance of management education in the government sector. It notes that while governments own many top management institutions, management education currently caters mainly to the corporate world and there is a lack of linkage between education and government requirements. There are also disparities in the spread of management institutions and sectors that graduates enter. The document calls for management education to better support good governance and the needs of the public sector, especially in areas like procurement and project management where challenges exist. Establishing professional management practices could help improve governmental functioning and service delivery.
This document provides an overview of the role of financial institutions in India. It discusses the evolution of financial institutions from their foundation phase to the current reforms phase. It describes the various types of financial institutions in India including development banks, specialized institutions, state-level institutions, investment institutions, and non-banking financial companies. The document also outlines some of the key roles of financial institutions like providing services, mobilizing savings, and facilitating development. It discusses recent reports that aim to improve the financial services sector by 2020 with a focus on customer needs, inclusion, and tapping new market segments.
Sharekhan Mutual fund report by Pawan Saini MBA Finance 15104034..AUG. 2016pawansaini189
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Pawan Kumar for his MBA in Finance. It provides an introduction and overview of the mutual funds industry in India. It discusses the equity market and stock exchanges in India such as the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It also provides background information on online trading, key stock market indexes, and the role of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the securities market.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
This document provides an introduction to mutual funds, including:
- It defines a mutual fund as an investment vehicle that pools money from investors to invest in securities like stocks and bonds. Returns are shared proportionally among investors.
- The advantages of mutual funds are listed as professional management, reduced costs through economies of scale, diversification, and choice of schemes. The disadvantages include loss of control over investments, fees and expenses, and costs not being controlled by investors.
- The structure of mutual funds in India is described as a three tier system with a sponsor, a trust, and professional managers (AMC), distributors, registrars and a custodian who perform various functions for the fund.
This document appears to be a project report submitted by a student for a course on analyzing the top 5 mutual funds offered by Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. The report includes an introduction to mutual funds that describes their structure and workings. It then discusses various types of mutual funds, performance measures, and regulations governing mutual funds in India. The report also includes sections on the methodology used for the study, profiles of different asset management companies, and limitations and conclusions of the research.
- Mutual funds have emerged as an important tool for financial well-being in India, helping families invest in industry growth. However, awareness remains low, with 9 in 10 people unaware of mutual funds.
- Once aware of opportunities, 1 in 5 people decide to invest in mutual funds. Understanding which potential investors are most likely to buy funds and tailoring the sales process accordingly is key to converting unaware investors.
- The document analyzes investor preferences in India regarding asset management companies, fund types, growth vs. dividend options, and investment strategies for mutual funds.
Inflation reduces the value of money over time. High inflation negatively impacts the stock market and economy. When inflation is high, stock prices tend to decrease as company expenses rise and profits fall. Investors also demand higher returns during periods of high inflation. However, moderate inflation of 3-5% is generally considered healthy for economic growth. To beat inflation, investors should emphasize growth equity investments that pay dividends and avoid long-term fixed income. Commodities, real estate, and inflation-indexed bonds also tend to perform well during inflationary periods. Maintaining a balanced investment portfolio is key to mitigating inflation's effects.
End of placement reference letter template - with Menna sign off (1)Jamuna Murphy
The document is a letter from Menna Rawlings, Director of Human Resources at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), discussing Jamuna Murphy's participation in the FCO's Graduate Talent Pool internship program. The 11-month program placed graduates in tailored training roles across the FCO, giving them opportunities to develop skills in areas like project management, finance, and policy. Graduates supported high-profile FCO and government events and some participated in overseas visits. Feedback from FCO managers was positive, with the Permanent Under Secretary commending the positive energy the graduates brought.
- German and Eurozone manufacturing PMIs beat expectations, helping lift the Eurozone economy. French CPI data remained low. The Brexit bill looks likely to pass in the UK parliament.
- US PMI data came in below forecasts but remains in expansionary territory. Stocks continued rallying on positive risk sentiment. President Trump appointed a new National Security Advisor.
- Oil prices rose over 1% after OPEC said compliance with production cuts was increasing to over 90%. Gold and the dollar were both slightly lower.
Sally Scott worked for Holcomb Hathaway Publishers from 2004 to 2016 as their Marketing Manager. She played a key role in their outreach, customer service, and marketing efforts by handling various campaigns and maintaining relationships with instructors. Sally also managed their ancillary materials programs, working with authors to create manuals, testbanks, and presentations. She consistently delivered high-quality work and took on new responsibilities. Sally was a dependable senior member of the staff who accomplished diverse tasks promptly and professionally.
Greg Cheek is writing a letter of recommendation for Betty Linarte, a recent student in his online Speech 3 course at Barstow College. Cheek states that Betty was in the top 1% of all students he has ever taught, across over 40 courses at multiple colleges. Cheek was so impressed with Betty's dedication, focus, and enthusiasm that he would hire her as a consultant today. Cheek believes Betty embodies the qualities of his new book on achieving success and could be featured on the cover. He highly recommends Betty for any opportunity.
Este documento describe las características de la comunicación asincrónica y sincrónica en Internet. Explica que los usuarios activos publican fotos y usan redes sociales y correo electrónico con frecuencia, mientras que los usuarios pasivos solo consultan información para el trabajo o la escuela. Luego, detalla que la comunicación asincrónica no requiere que ambas partes estén conectadas al mismo tiempo, a diferencia de la comunicación sincrónica que ocurre en tiempo real.
Michael Skynner - 'Aunando esfuerzos para el futuro de la investigación en en...Fundación Ramón Areces
'Aunando esfuerzos para el futuro de la investigación en enfermedades poco frecuentes'. Éste fue el lema de la jornada que tuvo lugar el 27 de abril de 2015, en la Fundación Ramón Areces. Organizada en colaboración con la Fundación Pfizer y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, reunió a algunos de los principales expertos en Enfermedades raras para analizar el estado de la investigación.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/openday
Presentations from the annual Open Day for MSc and Postgraduate Diploma programmes at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds
This document provides an overview presentation of the Mobile-CDS software tool for simulating 4G/5G wireless networks. The key points are:
1. Mobile-CDS is a 3D ray-tracing propagation tool that allows simulation of wireless networks in urban and rural environments for applications such as RF characterization and protocol evaluation.
2. It has components for computational simulation, wireless protocols, 3D databases of terrain/objects, material properties, antennas, and analysis/post-processing of simulation results.
3. The presentation provides details on some of these components, such as the computational engine, protocol toolbox, 3D database toolbox, antennas toolbox, and analysis capabilities for coverage, delay, throughput, and interference
Sourav Panigrahi was an active coordinator for a summer training program on networking and cyber security from May 21 to June 4, 2016. He exhibited a positive attitude, intelligent work ethic, dedication, and excellent leadership skills in volunteering for and effectively organizing the training program. Due to his competent and determined work, the CEO of Azure Skynet Solutions provides a letter of recommendation stating Sourav would be a great asset to any organization.
Realidad Aumentada y Multimedia - Presentación para Semana Global 2017Dr. Edwin Hernandez
Esta presentación cubre los temas de "Realidad Aumentada" y "Multimedia" presentada en la Alianza Francesa en Tegucigalpa Honduras. Realidad Aumentada, Realidad Virtual, y Streaming vienen a cambiar las formas de
This document provides an overview of the role of financial institutions in India. It discusses the evolution of financial institutions from their foundation phase to the current reforms phase. It describes the various types of financial institutions in India including development banks, specialized institutions, state-level institutions, investment institutions, and non-banking financial companies. The document also outlines some of the key roles of financial institutions like providing services, mobilizing savings, and facilitating development. It discusses recent reports that aim to improve the financial services sector by 2020 with a focus on customer needs, inclusion, and tapping new market segments.
Sharekhan Mutual fund report by Pawan Saini MBA Finance 15104034..AUG. 2016pawansaini189
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Pawan Kumar for his MBA in Finance. It provides an introduction and overview of the mutual funds industry in India. It discusses the equity market and stock exchanges in India such as the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It also provides background information on online trading, key stock market indexes, and the role of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in regulating the securities market.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
This document provides an introduction to mutual funds, including:
- It defines a mutual fund as an investment vehicle that pools money from investors to invest in securities like stocks and bonds. Returns are shared proportionally among investors.
- The advantages of mutual funds are listed as professional management, reduced costs through economies of scale, diversification, and choice of schemes. The disadvantages include loss of control over investments, fees and expenses, and costs not being controlled by investors.
- The structure of mutual funds in India is described as a three tier system with a sponsor, a trust, and professional managers (AMC), distributors, registrars and a custodian who perform various functions for the fund.
This document appears to be a project report submitted by a student for a course on analyzing the top 5 mutual funds offered by Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd. The report includes an introduction to mutual funds that describes their structure and workings. It then discusses various types of mutual funds, performance measures, and regulations governing mutual funds in India. The report also includes sections on the methodology used for the study, profiles of different asset management companies, and limitations and conclusions of the research.
- Mutual funds have emerged as an important tool for financial well-being in India, helping families invest in industry growth. However, awareness remains low, with 9 in 10 people unaware of mutual funds.
- Once aware of opportunities, 1 in 5 people decide to invest in mutual funds. Understanding which potential investors are most likely to buy funds and tailoring the sales process accordingly is key to converting unaware investors.
- The document analyzes investor preferences in India regarding asset management companies, fund types, growth vs. dividend options, and investment strategies for mutual funds.
Inflation reduces the value of money over time. High inflation negatively impacts the stock market and economy. When inflation is high, stock prices tend to decrease as company expenses rise and profits fall. Investors also demand higher returns during periods of high inflation. However, moderate inflation of 3-5% is generally considered healthy for economic growth. To beat inflation, investors should emphasize growth equity investments that pay dividends and avoid long-term fixed income. Commodities, real estate, and inflation-indexed bonds also tend to perform well during inflationary periods. Maintaining a balanced investment portfolio is key to mitigating inflation's effects.
End of placement reference letter template - with Menna sign off (1)Jamuna Murphy
The document is a letter from Menna Rawlings, Director of Human Resources at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), discussing Jamuna Murphy's participation in the FCO's Graduate Talent Pool internship program. The 11-month program placed graduates in tailored training roles across the FCO, giving them opportunities to develop skills in areas like project management, finance, and policy. Graduates supported high-profile FCO and government events and some participated in overseas visits. Feedback from FCO managers was positive, with the Permanent Under Secretary commending the positive energy the graduates brought.
- German and Eurozone manufacturing PMIs beat expectations, helping lift the Eurozone economy. French CPI data remained low. The Brexit bill looks likely to pass in the UK parliament.
- US PMI data came in below forecasts but remains in expansionary territory. Stocks continued rallying on positive risk sentiment. President Trump appointed a new National Security Advisor.
- Oil prices rose over 1% after OPEC said compliance with production cuts was increasing to over 90%. Gold and the dollar were both slightly lower.
Sally Scott worked for Holcomb Hathaway Publishers from 2004 to 2016 as their Marketing Manager. She played a key role in their outreach, customer service, and marketing efforts by handling various campaigns and maintaining relationships with instructors. Sally also managed their ancillary materials programs, working with authors to create manuals, testbanks, and presentations. She consistently delivered high-quality work and took on new responsibilities. Sally was a dependable senior member of the staff who accomplished diverse tasks promptly and professionally.
Greg Cheek is writing a letter of recommendation for Betty Linarte, a recent student in his online Speech 3 course at Barstow College. Cheek states that Betty was in the top 1% of all students he has ever taught, across over 40 courses at multiple colleges. Cheek was so impressed with Betty's dedication, focus, and enthusiasm that he would hire her as a consultant today. Cheek believes Betty embodies the qualities of his new book on achieving success and could be featured on the cover. He highly recommends Betty for any opportunity.
Este documento describe las características de la comunicación asincrónica y sincrónica en Internet. Explica que los usuarios activos publican fotos y usan redes sociales y correo electrónico con frecuencia, mientras que los usuarios pasivos solo consultan información para el trabajo o la escuela. Luego, detalla que la comunicación asincrónica no requiere que ambas partes estén conectadas al mismo tiempo, a diferencia de la comunicación sincrónica que ocurre en tiempo real.
Michael Skynner - 'Aunando esfuerzos para el futuro de la investigación en en...Fundación Ramón Areces
'Aunando esfuerzos para el futuro de la investigación en enfermedades poco frecuentes'. Éste fue el lema de la jornada que tuvo lugar el 27 de abril de 2015, en la Fundación Ramón Areces. Organizada en colaboración con la Fundación Pfizer y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, reunió a algunos de los principales expertos en Enfermedades raras para analizar el estado de la investigación.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/openday
Presentations from the annual Open Day for MSc and Postgraduate Diploma programmes at the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds
This document provides an overview presentation of the Mobile-CDS software tool for simulating 4G/5G wireless networks. The key points are:
1. Mobile-CDS is a 3D ray-tracing propagation tool that allows simulation of wireless networks in urban and rural environments for applications such as RF characterization and protocol evaluation.
2. It has components for computational simulation, wireless protocols, 3D databases of terrain/objects, material properties, antennas, and analysis/post-processing of simulation results.
3. The presentation provides details on some of these components, such as the computational engine, protocol toolbox, 3D database toolbox, antennas toolbox, and analysis capabilities for coverage, delay, throughput, and interference
Sourav Panigrahi was an active coordinator for a summer training program on networking and cyber security from May 21 to June 4, 2016. He exhibited a positive attitude, intelligent work ethic, dedication, and excellent leadership skills in volunteering for and effectively organizing the training program. Due to his competent and determined work, the CEO of Azure Skynet Solutions provides a letter of recommendation stating Sourav would be a great asset to any organization.
Realidad Aumentada y Multimedia - Presentación para Semana Global 2017Dr. Edwin Hernandez
Esta presentación cubre los temas de "Realidad Aumentada" y "Multimedia" presentada en la Alianza Francesa en Tegucigalpa Honduras. Realidad Aumentada, Realidad Virtual, y Streaming vienen a cambiar las formas de
84 identify group keys on the keyboard and their functionsPaul Gonzales
The document provides information about the keys on a computer keyboard and their functions. It discusses the main types of keys including alphanumeric keys for typing letters and numbers, arrow keys for navigating, function keys for performing commands, and special keys like Enter, Esc, Tab, Shift, Ctrl and Alt. It also describes the purpose and use of keys like Caps Lock, space bar, backspace, delete, page up/down, numeric keypad, print screen, and scroll lock.
1. Binocular balancing ensures equal accommodation relaxation in both eyes during subjective refraction. It does not aim to equalize visual acuity between eyes.
2. There are several techniques for binocular balancing, including successive alternate occlusion, vertical prism dissociation, fogging/Humphiss test, polarized filters, and the septum technique. These techniques add plus lenses until the patient reports equal blurriness between eyes.
3. The vertical prism dissociation technique uses prisms to displace one eye's image vertically while fogging is used, and plus lenses are added until equal blur is reported. The polarized technique uses polarizing filters to partially separate the images while the sept
Binocular refraction techniques, binocular balancing & binocularsabina paudel
Binocular refraction techniques aim to evaluate a patient's refractive status under binocular viewing conditions. This allows for the detection of suppression, measurement of stereopsis and fixation disparity. Techniques include using a septum, polarization, or fogging to allow each eye to view separate targets while maintaining binocular fusion. Binocular balancing ensures the retinal images are simultaneously in focus for both eyes. The binocular best sphere finds the spherical prescription providing maximum binocular visual acuity. Binocular refraction at near is also important to evaluate a patient's refractive needs for near vision tasks.
This document discusses the foundations of morality. It defines morality as the quality of human acts which leads us to call some good and some bad. It explores the foundations of morality, including man, the human other, and God. It examines perspectives on what defines man, such as being a rational animal. It also discusses the determinants of morality, including the act itself, the motive, and circumstances. Finally, it covers issues concerning man's morality, such as abortion, contraception, and euthanasia.