Computer Hardware

1. UNIT ONE: INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Lecturer P.Jovan

2. What is IS?
 IS – a set of interrelated components working together
to collect, retrieve, process, store, and distribute
information for the purpose of facilitating planning,
control, coordination, analysis, and decision making in
business organizations
 Input-process-output perspective
 People-organization-technology perspective

4. Choice Hotels Reservation
System example:

6.  Technology – the means by which data is transformed and organized for
business use:
 Hardware
 Software
 Database
 Telecommunication
 People – the users of IS
 Organization -- a collection of functional units working together to
achieve a common goal

7. Functional units of business
organizations:
production
sales/marketing
finance/accounting
human resources
 maximize profit by
producing goods and/or
services

8. Functional Areas of Business
 The manufacturing and production function is
responsible for producing the firm's goods and services.
There are three stages of the manufacturing/
production process:
 inbound logistics
 production
 outbound logistics

9. Functional Areas of Business
 The sales and marketing function is responsible for
finding customers for the firm's product or service and
selling the firm's product or service to those customers.
The sales and marketing process consists of
 identifying and creating markets
 developing markets
 maintaining markets

10. Functional Areas of Business
 The finance and accounting function is responsible for
managing the firm's financial assets and maintaining the
firm's financial records. The finance process involves
managing the firm's financial assets, whereas the
accounting process is involved primarily in financial
record keeping.

11. Functional Areas of Business
 The human resource function is responsible for
attracting and maintaining an appropriate work force
for the firm. The human resources process entails
 attracting the work force
 developing the firm's work force to meet the firm's
personnel needs
 maintaining the work force

12. Computer vs IS literacy

14. IS in Business
 Business functions
 Business processes
 A series of interrelated activities through which work is
organized and focused to produce a product or service
 Business levels
 Strategic (long range planning)
 Tactical (co-ordinate & supervise)
 Operational (produce product & service)

15. The order generation and fulfillment process (Fig. 2.2)

17. Role of IS in Business
Competitive advantage
 Low-cost (value chain)
 Market niche
 Product differentiation
 Customer loyalty
Globalization
 People (language)
 Organization (culture)
 Technology (telecommunication)

18. The value chain views the firm as a series of basic
activities that add value to a firm's products or services
(Fig. 3-2)
Primary activities
•inbound logistics,
•operations,
•outbound logistics,
•sales and marketing
•service
Support activities
•administration and management
•human resources
•technology and procurement.

19. Quality
 Process simplification
 Benchmarking
 Customer focus
 Cycle time reduction
 Improve design & production
 Error reduction
Reengineering
 Business processes redesign
Ethical & social responsibility
 Information rights & privacy
 Intellectual property
 Accountability & liability
 Quality of life

20. IS Approach to Problem Solving
Systems Analysis
Systems Design

21. Systems Analysis & Design
 Systems Analysis
 Problem analysis (what)
 Information gathering (where & why)
 Decision making (how)
 Establish objectives
 Determine feasibility
 Choose best solution
 Systems Design (Input, Process, Output, Procedures, Control)
 Logical design

22. Systems Analysis & Design
 Systems Design
 Logical design (what will the system do?)
 Input: content, format, source, volume, frequency, timing
 Process: rule, model, formula, timing
 Output: content, format, organization, volume, freq., timing
 Storage: data, format, organization, relationship, volume
 Procedure: manual activities, rule, sequence, timing, location
 Control: security, accuracy, validity, supervision
 Physical design (how the system will work?)
 Input: keyboard, voice, scanner
 Process: PC, operating system, software
 Output: print-outs, files, audio
 Storage: tape, CD
 Procedure: batching, backup, auditing, data entry
 Control: batch control, password, audit logs
 Implementation (coding, testing, training)

23. Technology perspective
to problem solving

24. Organizational perspective to
problem solving

25. People
perspective to
problem solving