The document outlines the essential elements of social case work, defining it as a process to assist individuals in coping with social functioning problems. Key components include the client, problem, agency, process, and social worker, emphasizing the significance of understanding a client's issues and their behavior. It categorizes problems affecting clients and highlights the importance of social welfare agencies in providing support and resources for effective solutions.

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Elements/Components
of Social Case Work
Dr.Muhammad Ibrar

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H.H Perlman defines social case work as
“ a process used by certain human welfare agencies
to help individual to cope more effectively with their
problem in social functioning.”
The following are the basic elements of social
case work:
Introduction

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1. Person(Client)
2. Problem
3. Place(Agency)
4. Process
5. Professional Representative(Social Worker)
Elements of Social Case Work

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The person or client is an individual under stress.
Because of the forces beyond his conscious
control, he is unable to make a personally or
socially satisfactory adjustment to the existing
situation. He may voluntarily come, or may be
referred to the agency by some other institution.
1.Person(Client)

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To study a person the following points should be
kept in mind:
I. A case worker does not have to take a
complete history : the nature of the problem
and the agency will determine the kind and
extent of knowledge necessary to help him.
II. A person’s behavior has meaning and
purpose: a case worker must understand the
client’s behavior and reactions to gain insight
into his problems.
…Contd.

6. III. Whether a person’s behavior is effective or not
in promoting his well-being depends on the
functioning of his personality structure. Often a
person cannot make the needed adjustment
because of his lack of motivation and emotional
stability.
…Contd.

7. The problem is that state of the client which
effects his/her social functioning. It should be
economic, medical, educational,
recreational ,psychological, social or physical. So
its important to understand the different aspects
of a problem.
I. The case worker and the client has to select a
part of the problem. The selection of that is on
the following basis:
a) What the client wants and needs
b) What is the solution
c) What the agency is far and can offer
2.Problem

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ii) Problem in any part of a person’s living tends
to create a “chain reaction”. Thus a person
suffering from physical ailment (illness) may
have psychological and social problems as well.
It is important to understand which one is the
cause or the effect.
iii) The client may have different conception
about his/her problem due to psychological
stress or social perception.
…Contd.

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Problems can be categorized as follows (Grace
Mathew):
1.Problems related to illness and disabilities
2. Problems due to lack of material resources.
3. School related problems.
4. Problems related to institutionalization.
5. Behavior problems.
6. Problems of marital discord.
7.Clients caught up in social problems like gambling,
prostitution, alcoholism, drug
addiction.
…Contd.

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A social agency is an organized institution for
expressing the will of a society or of some groups
in that society for the welfare of its people. The
classification of the welfare agencies are as:
I. Private (Funding Agencies) or Public agency
(Social Welfare)
II. Primary(NGOs) or Secondary agency
(Hospitals, Schools etc)
III. Local, provincial or national agency.
IV. Closed or open agency
3.Place or Agency

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Each social welfare agency develops its
programmes by which a particular area of social
needs are served. The effectiveness of service
will depend on the resources of the agency,
competence of its staff and support of the
community.
The social case worker is employed by the
agency, the range and nature of his function
being defined and limited by the agency.
…Contd.

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Like other profession the social case worker have to
adopt certain processes to find out the solution for
the problem the client have.
1. First contact: “little can be achieved unless the
contact with the person needing help is such that
it leads to the establishment of a relationship
which can be maintained through out the case”.
Through this rapport, the case worker enables
the client to solve his problem. It is essential for
the social case worker to be the sort of a person
who can quickly help the client to feel at ease.
4.Process

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ii. Social history: Through frequent interviews
and home visits the social case worker
formulates a social history of the client. “Social
history is the picture which the case worker
makes of the client out of the information given
by the client, out of the impression the client
makes and out of the knowledge he has acquired
in his training and experience.”
…Contd.

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The last but not the least and important element
of social case work is professional
representative. He/she will be a person of having
sound and enrich knowledge of the social work
practice, how to use the tools for the
improvement and what should be done in the
future. In simple word the professional
representative means social worker.
5.Professional representative