Editor's Notes
- #4 FINISHED WITH THIS SLIDE, LECTURE 3 2007
- #5 HIV: A retrovirus (virus particle carries RNA, not DNA) that causes AIDS in humans
- #7 As we know, HIV has a very high mutation rate, allowing it to quickly thwart the defenses of the immune system and drugs.
- #9 env gene encodes surface glycoprotein of virus
- #11 Seems very likely to be involved in very early stages of infection of a cell
- #12 Sequenced regions of the env gene from six children who were infected with HIV during pregnancy
- #13 Sequences were determined at four different time points from ~12 viral clones each time
- #14 Initially, all viruses within a child were similar. Over time, however, the viral sequences changed
- #15 Ganeshan et al. illustrated these changes using a phylogenetic tree, which places sequences that are similar to one another close together
- #16 (Branch distance between two sequences on the tree is related to the number of sequence differences between them.)
- #18 D, E, F appeared to have a stronger immune response.
- #20 How might we explain the faster rate of evolution in D, E, F?
- #21 Selection
- #22 Higher mutation rate
- #24 How can we tease these apart?
- #26 FINISHED HERE, LECTURE 3 2008
- #27 Sequenced regions of the env gene from six children who were infected with HIV during pregnancy
- #28 Sequences were determined at four different time points from ~12 viral clones each time
- #29 Initially, all viruses within a child were similar. Over time, however, the viral sequences changed
- #30 Ganeshan et al. illustrated these changes using a phylogenetic tree, which places sequences that are similar to one another close together
- #31 (Branch distance between two sequences on the tree is related to the number of sequence differences between them.)
- #33 D, E, F appeared to have a stronger immune response.
- #35 How might we explain the faster rate of evolution in D, E, F?
- #36 Selection
- #37 Higher mutation rate