The document covers the introduction and components of Active Directory, focusing on the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) architecture, functions, and installation procedures. It details how AD DS serves as a hierarchical directory service for managing network resources, emphasizing user authentication, authorization, and the physical and logical components involved. Additionally, it discusses the replication processes and variables affecting Active Directory installation performance.

1. Server Maintenance
Introducing Active Directory
Chapter One
Teacher’s Name: Brendar Othman
Lecture: 1st
Semester: 1st
Stage: 5th
Department: network
Academic Year: 2024-2025

2. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 2
• Introducing Active Directory.
• Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS).
• Active Directory Functions.
• The Active Directory Architecture.
• Active Directory Logical Components.
• Active Directory Physical Components.
• Global Catalog.
• Replication.
• Deploying AD DS
• Installing Active Directory 2012.

3. 3
• A directory service is a repository of information about the resources—hardware,
software, and human—that are connected to a network.
• Users, computers, and applications throughout the network can access the
repository for a variety of purposes:
 User authentication
 Storage of configuration data
 Accessing files and printers
Introduction Active Directory

4. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 4
• ADDS provides a distributed database that stores and manages
information about network resources and application-specific
data from directory-enabled applications.
• A server that is running ADDS is called a domain controller.
Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS)

5. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 5
Active Directory Functions
• Authentication is the process of verifying a user’s identity by using:
 Passwords
 Smart cards
 Biometrics (fingerprint scan)

6. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 6
• Authorization is the process of granting the user access only to the resources
he or she is permitted to use by using: ACLs and ACEs.
 An access control list (ACL) is a ordered list of classification rules and
actions. Each single classification rule, together with its action, is called
an Access Control Element (ACE).
 An ACL must have at least one ACE. Each ACE is made up of filters
that determine traffic classifications and associated actions.
Active Directory Functions (cont.)

7. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 7
The Active Directory Architecture
• Active Directory is a hierarchical directory service, based on the
domain, which is scalable in both directions.
• You can subdivide a domain into organizational units and populate it
with objects.
• You can create multiple domains and group them into sites, trees, and
forests.
• AD DS provides a highly flexible architecture that can accommodate
the smallest and the largest organizations.

8. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 8
Active Directory Logical Components
• Organization Units: An organizational unit (OU) is a container object that
helps to organize objects for the purpose of administration or group policy
application.

9. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 9
Active Directory Logical Components
• Domains : a domain in Windows 2000 is very similar to a domain is
Windows NT. It is still a logical group of users and computers that share
the characteristics of centralized security and administration.

10. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 10
Active Directory Logical Components
• Domain Trees :tree is a collection of Active Directory domains that
share a contiguous namespace.

11. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 11
Active Directory Logical Components
• Forests: a forest is the largest unit in Active Directory and is a collection of
trees that share a common Schema, the definition of objects that can be
created.

12. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 12
Active Directory Physical Components
• Domain Controllers : domain controllers are Windows 2000 Server-based
systems that store the Active Directory database.

13. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 13
Global Catalog
Each forest has a global catalog, which is a list of all of the objects in the forest, along
with a subset of each object’s attributes.

14. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 14
Replication
•Replication is when domain controllers within a domain
synchronize their database information.
•It is imperative that each domain controller has a database that
is identical to the others.

15. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 15
Types Of Replication
Single-master replication:
A single primary system replicates the contents of its database to one or more
secondary systems on the network.

16. 16
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Types Of Replication
Multiple-master replication:
It is possible to make changes to domain objects on any domain controller,
which replicates those changes to all of the other domain controllers.

17. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 17
Deploying AD DS
There are many variables that can affect the performance of an Active
Directory installation:
• The hardware you select for your domain controllers
• The capabilities of your network
• The types of WAN links connecting your remote sites

18. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 18
Installing the AD DS Role in primary domain server
• The Add features that are required dialog box in the Add Roles and Features
Wizard.

19. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 19
Installing the AD DS Role
• The Installation progress page in the Add Roles and Features Wizard

20. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 20
Installing the AD DS Role (Cont.)
The Deployment Configuration page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard

21. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 21
Installing the AD DS Role (cont.)
• The Additional Options page of the Active Directory
Domain Services Configuration Wizard.

22. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 22
Installing the AD DS Role (cont.)
The Paths page of the Active Directory Domain Services Configuration Wizard

23. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 23
Installing Active Directory 2012
• The Prerequisites Check page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard

24. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 24
Installing Active Directory 2012 (cont.)
• The Select a domain from the forest page of the Active Directory Domain
Services Configuration Wizard

25. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 25
Installing Active Directory 2012 (cont.)
• The Domain Controller Options page of the Active Directory
Domain Services Configuration Wizard

26. CS- Department (2023 – 2024) 26
• The Additional Options page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard
Installing Active Directory 2012 (cont.)

27. 27
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
• The Deployment Configuration page of the Active Directory Domain
Services Configuration Wizard
Installing Active Directory 2012 (cont.)

28. 28
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
• The Domain Controller Options page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard
Installing Active Directory 2012 (cont.)

29. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 29
Installing the AD DS Role in secondary domain server
• The Add features that are required dialog box in the Add Roles and Features
Wizard.

30. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 30
Installing the AD DS Role (Cont.)
• The Installation progress page in the Add Roles and Features Wizard

31. 31
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing the AD DS Role (Cont.)
• The Deployment Configuration page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard

32. 32
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing the AD DS Role (Cont.)
• The Additional Options page of the Active Directory Domain
Services Configuration Wizard.

33. 33
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing the AD DS Role (Cont.)
The Paths page of the Active Directory Domain Services Configuration Wizard

34. 34
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing Active Directory 2012
• The Prerequisites Check page of the Active Directory Domain Services
Configuration Wizard

35. 35
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing Active Directory 2012 (Cont.)
• The Select a domain from the forest page of the Active Directory Domain
Services Configuration Wizard

36. 36
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
Installing Active Directory 2012 (Cont.)
• The Domain Controller Options page of the Active Directory
Domain Services Configuration Wizard

37. 37
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)
• The Additional Options page of the Active Directory Domain
Services Configuration Wizard
Installing Active Directory 2012 (Cont.)

38. CS- Department (2020 – 2021) 38
Question Bank
• Active Directory is a ------------------------ directory service, based on the domain, which is scalable
in both directions.
A. Network B. One Direction C. Object-Oriented D. Hierarchical
• Describe four of Active Directory’s logical components .
• What are the physical components of the active directory?
• A server that is running ………. is called a domain controller.
Q/ Answer The Following Questions:

39. 39
CS- Department (2023 – 2024)