special education

1. LEARNING DISABILITIES-
NATURE, NEED, & MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY
SUBEESH GOPI

2. LEARNING
Process of acquiring knowledge and it may
applied in life situations
Learning disability
Having trouble in
 Processing information
 Organizing information
 Applying information

3. LEARNING DISABILITY
DEFINITION
Children with learning disability means those
children who have a disorder in one or more
of the basic psychological processes involved
in undertaking or using language, which may
manifest itself in imperfect to listen, think,
read, write, spell or do mathematical
calculations (national advisory committee on
handicapped children 1963)

4. CHARECTERISTICS-LD
 Severe discrepancy between achievement
and intellectual ability in some areas
Oral expressions
Written expressions
Listening comprehension
Reading comprehension
mathematics

5. CHARECTERISTICS
 Delayed spoken language
 Poor spatial orientation
 Inadequate time concepts
 Difficulty in judging relationship
 Direction related confusion
 Poor general motor coordination
 Hyperactivity
 Memory disorders
 impulsivity

6. LEARNING DISABILITY-TYPES
Impairments of skills in the areas of reading,
writing, and calculations among children are
referred to as
 Dyslexia
A language and reading disability
 Dyscalculia
Problems with arithmetic and math concepts
 Dysgraphia
A writing disorder resulting in illegibility

7. Causes or Presumed causes of
Learning Disabilities
NO real causes
Might be caused by:
 Hereditary
 Teratogenic
 Medical
 Environmental

8. Incident Rates
 Estimated 15 % of the U.S. population
 6 % to 8 % of school age population

9. OTHER PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN WITH
LEARNING DISABILITY
 BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS
Fidgeting of hands & feet
High distractibility
Difficulty in playing quietly
Day dreaming
Low frustration tolerance
Mood swing

10. OTHER PROBLEMS……..cont
 POOR LINGUISTIC SKILLS
 Poor grammar
 Poor in understanding the meaning of
language
 Poor in the knowledge of how sound make up
words
 Unskilled conversationalists

11. OTHER PROBLEMS……..cont
 PROBLEMS IN PERCEPTUAL/COGNITIVE
SKILLS
 Memory deficits for both auditory and visual
stimuli
 Less strategies for memorizing
 Difficulty in memorizing phonemes

12. OTHER PROBLEMS……..cont
 POOR SOCIAL SKILLS
Inability in keeping up with social norms
Lack of social comprehensive skills
Listening & speaking difficulties
Lack of proper eye contact
No sense of humor
Does not understand body language

13. LEARNING DISABILITY MANAGEMENT
 MASTERY MODEL
 Learner fixes their own level of mastery
 Practice
 Gain fundamental skill before moving on to the next level
 DIRECT INSTRUCTION
 Highly structured, intensive instruction
 Emphasizes carefully planned lessons for small learning
increments
 Scripted lesson plans
 Rapid paced interaction b/w teacher and student
 Achievement based grouping

14. MANAGEMENT
 CLASSROOMADJUSTMENTS
 Special seating assignments
 Alternative or modified assignments
 Modified testing procedures
Quiet environment
 ASSISTIVE DEVICES
 Electronic spellers & dictionaries
 Word processors
 Talking calculators
 Computer
 Tape recorders

15. MANAGEMENT
 MATHEMATICAL GAME & PUZZLES
 AUDITORYTRAINING & SPEECHTHERAPY
 FINE MOTOR & GROSS MOTORTRAINING
 BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATIONS

16. THANK YOU