This study examined the genetics of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease patients. It included 209 participants divided into control, Parkinson's with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia groups. DNA samples were analyzed from each patient to study 20 genes related to dementia. Ultimately, no single genetic variant showed a statistically significant association with dementia in Parkinson's disease. Some trends were observed with the ApoE gene being slightly more common in those with cognitive issues. However, this gene is also linked to Alzheimer's disease. So the increased dementia risk in Parkinson's patients is likely due to an increased risk of Alzheimer's rather than genetics specifically related to Parkinson's. The study did not find significant results but provides a starting point for larger future studies.
President of MSSA Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski prsented the his topic: "Association between cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders" at 8th interdisciplinary congress: "Cerebral palsy and other movement disorders" on 1-2 of November 2018 in Moscow, Russia.
President of MSSA Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski prsented the his topic: "Association between cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders" at 8th interdisciplinary congress: "Cerebral palsy and other movement disorders" on 1-2 of November 2018 in Moscow, Russia.
Study what affects quality of life in patients with epilepsyFrank Reynold
The quality of life is one of the evaluations performed in different medical areas including epilepsy. To treat an epileptic patient, it is so important to assess how the disease impacts the patient’s life.
Introduction of Autoimmune encephalitis for Non medical professionals and mental health professionals work in neurology. Reference provided in last slide and prepared of self learning purpose not for any commercial purpose.
Genetics of cognitive dysfunction in SchizophreniaStudy Buddy
In this ppt we discuss the genetic basis of cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. We discuss the 5 main genes associated with both scz. and cognitive dysfunction. Another important aspect we cover is the dopaminergic pathway of signal transduction and its impairement in scz. patients.
Dr. Philippe Grandjean on Chemical Brain DrainDES Daughter
How the Next Generation's Brain Functions are Endangered by EDCs and Other Environmental Chemicals
by the Collaborative on Health and the Environment
Dr. Philippe Grandjean suggests that new scientific insights reveal that the next generation's brain functions are endangered by environmental chemicals. The fetus is not protected by the placenta and therefore shares the mother's cumulated exposures to toxic chemicals. Infants and children are likewise exposed to a cocktail of foreign substances against which the body has no innate defense. Prenatal and early postnatal brain development is an extremely complex process that we now know is uniquely vulnerable. Lead, mercury and a few other substances have long been known to be toxic to brain development. Recent research suggests that many chemicals, perhaps thousands, may cause similar effects because they can gain access to the developing brain and exert their toxicity to brain cells. This new insight needs to be translated into public policy to protect the brain functions of the next generation. On this call Dr. Grandjean discussed what he terms "chemical brain drain" and how we might work to protect the brain health of future generations.
Sources: http://www.healthandenvironment.org/partnership_calls/14316?res
Sacral Neuromodulation in Children with Neurogenic Bladder DysfunctionCrimsonpublisherssmoaj
Sacral Neuromodulation (SN) is a therapy consisting of electrical stimulation of sacral nerves at S3 level delivered by a cylindrical electrode connected to a full-implantable neurostimulation device. SN in adult patients for urinary tract dysfunctions other than neurogenic modulates cortical and subcortical structures involved in urination, beside modulating structures with an important role in awareness of the rate of urination and filling of the bladder. A possible explanation for SN’s therapeutic effect is due to the activation and inhibition of supraspinal brain areas by the spinal cord, which normalizes urinating functions. An important benefit of SN is that it is a minimally invasive and reversible treatment option, which includes a test phase before permanent implantation [1,2].
Study what affects quality of life in patients with epilepsyFrank Reynold
The quality of life is one of the evaluations performed in different medical areas including epilepsy. To treat an epileptic patient, it is so important to assess how the disease impacts the patient’s life.
Introduction of Autoimmune encephalitis for Non medical professionals and mental health professionals work in neurology. Reference provided in last slide and prepared of self learning purpose not for any commercial purpose.
Genetics of cognitive dysfunction in SchizophreniaStudy Buddy
In this ppt we discuss the genetic basis of cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. We discuss the 5 main genes associated with both scz. and cognitive dysfunction. Another important aspect we cover is the dopaminergic pathway of signal transduction and its impairement in scz. patients.
Dr. Philippe Grandjean on Chemical Brain DrainDES Daughter
How the Next Generation's Brain Functions are Endangered by EDCs and Other Environmental Chemicals
by the Collaborative on Health and the Environment
Dr. Philippe Grandjean suggests that new scientific insights reveal that the next generation's brain functions are endangered by environmental chemicals. The fetus is not protected by the placenta and therefore shares the mother's cumulated exposures to toxic chemicals. Infants and children are likewise exposed to a cocktail of foreign substances against which the body has no innate defense. Prenatal and early postnatal brain development is an extremely complex process that we now know is uniquely vulnerable. Lead, mercury and a few other substances have long been known to be toxic to brain development. Recent research suggests that many chemicals, perhaps thousands, may cause similar effects because they can gain access to the developing brain and exert their toxicity to brain cells. This new insight needs to be translated into public policy to protect the brain functions of the next generation. On this call Dr. Grandjean discussed what he terms "chemical brain drain" and how we might work to protect the brain health of future generations.
Sources: http://www.healthandenvironment.org/partnership_calls/14316?res
Sacral Neuromodulation in Children with Neurogenic Bladder DysfunctionCrimsonpublisherssmoaj
Sacral Neuromodulation (SN) is a therapy consisting of electrical stimulation of sacral nerves at S3 level delivered by a cylindrical electrode connected to a full-implantable neurostimulation device. SN in adult patients for urinary tract dysfunctions other than neurogenic modulates cortical and subcortical structures involved in urination, beside modulating structures with an important role in awareness of the rate of urination and filling of the bladder. A possible explanation for SN’s therapeutic effect is due to the activation and inhibition of supraspinal brain areas by the spinal cord, which normalizes urinating functions. An important benefit of SN is that it is a minimally invasive and reversible treatment option, which includes a test phase before permanent implantation [1,2].
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Every great kitchen renovation needs to be complemented with the great appliances. We offer our customers package offers to give the finishing touch on any kitchen.
Our appliance packages can either be Gas or Electric to suit your needs in Sydney.
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jumlah mobil menentukan tingkat polusi, selain pabrik dan yang lain. yang menjadi sumber polusi. hanya dengan membatasi jumlah mobil, maka polusi bisa dikurangi. #marikitabelajar
Summary Report: "Mental Health Throughout Life"
Herrenhausen Conference on Mental Illnesses, Hanover, April 3-5, 2013
Mechanisms of vulnerability for mental illnesses over lifetime were the focus of the Volkswagen Foundation’s second Herrenhausen Conference. Concentrating on particularly sensitive and susceptible phases of mental development, renowned experts shared their latest research and insights into risk for and resilience against mental illnesses. Building on this material, in a concluding Session new approaches for improving mental health and treating mental disorders were highlighted.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder which is caused by various factors which may vary according to the age of patients which results in asynchronization of neurons. Cognitive functional impairment is mostly seen in epileptic patients compared to the general population, and the degree of its impairment varies from one another according to the epilepsy syndrome. Behavioral changes are more seen in epileptic people and people with drug-resistant epilepsy, frequent seizures, and associated neurological or mental abnormalities. In children and adults, many data suggest a correlation between behavior/cognition and some other specific epilepsy syndromes. The major predictors of such behavioral changes in children with epilepsy are epilepsy itself, treatment, the underlying structural lesion, and epilepsy treatment.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling.
Returning genetic research results in neurodevelopmental disorders: report an...KBHN KT
This report originated from discussions at the Annual Brain Development Conference in
late 2013 between researchers in the Neuroethics Core and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Project of NeuroDevNet. Discussants felt that return of research results is a pertinent
issue but that researchers are missing a comprehensive picture of the recommendations,
approaches and empirical data related to the return of research results in genetics studies
in children, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and specifically in autism.
This report provides an overview of recent genetic studies of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD), and reviews the ethical guidance (policies and peer-reviewed literature) and
best practices on the return of individual research results in adult and pediatric genetic
research. We focus on this case because of the wealth of genetic research being
carried out in families and cohorts to explain the etiology of ASD and because there is a
burgeoning literature on parental perspectives on the return of results in this case. The
empirical perspectives are collected and summarized and provide context with regard to
researcher and parent perspectives on the return of genetic results in ASD studies.
We conclude by making recommendations about the return of both incidental and
ASD-related findings and highlight issues that merit further discussion, including the
role of the child or adolescent with developmental disability in decision-making, and
the importance of risk communication. We believe that the report will be of use not only
for those working in the area of ASD but more broadly in the field of pediatric genetic
research and neurodevelopmental disorder research. For example, the publication of new
evidence showing that genetic alterations play an important role in the etiology of cerebral
palsy in some children means that genetic research may becoming increasingly common
in other areas of the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Current Topics in CareA Case of Inappropriate ApolipoproteOllieShoresna
Current Topics in Care
A Case of Inappropriate Apolipoprotein E
Testing in Alzheimer’s Disease Due to
Lack of an Informed Consent Discussion
Christian D. Furman, MD, MSPH, AGSF1,
Lori A. Earnshaw, MD2, David J. Doukas, MD3,
Lindsay A. Farrer, MD4, and Robert P. Friedland, MD3
Abstract
Background/Objective: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic testing is used to assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).
Whenever genetic testing is performed, an informed consent process should occur. Methods: In this case, a patient with memory
loss presented to the neurologist. The neurologist ordered a lumbar puncture (LP). The LP was performed by a neuroradiologist
who also ordered APOE genetic testing. The patient received no genetic counseling, nor was an informed consent document
offered. Results: After the testing was completed, the neurologist faced an ethical dilemma. His solution was to offer the genetic
testing to the patient in order to have an informed consent process. It was clear that the patient and her adult children did not
want the genetic testing and that they would have been burdened with the results. The neurologist opted not to disclose the
results. Conclusion: Genetic counseling and a signed informed consent document are required prior to any genetic testing. In
this case, neither occurred and it led to an ethical dilemma that was ultimately resolved by the neurologist. As the population ages
and AD becomes more prevalent, there is a need to expand the workforce of genetic counselors and educate physicians who
commonly treat AD about genetic testing.
Keywords
genetic testing, Alzheimer’s disease, ethics, informed consent
Introduction
Twenty years ago, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele was
found to confer susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer’s dis-
ease (AD) in caucasians.1 This association was extended to
noncaucasian populations, and the APOE-associated risk of
AD was demonstrated to vary with age and sex.2 Although the
presence of the e4 allele in a person with dementia increases
the probability of AD, this finding is not ‘‘diagnostic’’ of the
disease because more than one-half of e4 carriers surviving
to age 80 years do not develop AD.2,3 Thus, APOE e4 is best
viewed as a genetic risk factor for AD rather than a genetic
marker of the disease4 because the risk of developing AD for
individuals with at least 1 e4 allele by age 80 years is esti-
mated to be 29% compared to 9% for individuals lacking e4.5
Among caucasians, the odds of developing AD are 2 to 3 times
higher for e4 heterozygotes and 12 to 14 times higher for e4
homozygotes compared to persons who are APOE 3/3, the most
common genotype.2 However, these risks are dependent on age
and gender and are lower in some ethnic groups including African
Americans, Indians, and Israeli Arabs.2,6-9 Further, the APOE risk
appears to be attenuated by adequate control of hypertension.10
The 2/3 genotype is associated with an approximately 40%
decreased risk of ...
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital B...CrimsonpublishersMedical
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital Based Study by Manjunadh Muralleedharan in Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences
Most people with dementia undergo behavioral changes during the course of the disease. They may become anxious or repeat the same question or activity over and over. The unpredictability of these changes can be stressful for caregivers. As the disease progresses, your loved one's behavior may seem inappropriate, childlike or impulsive. Anticipating behavioral changes and understanding the causes can help you deal with them more effectively.
Impact of Glaucoma Disease 1
Impacts of Glaucoma Disease on African Americans
Lendora Ogunbode
PSY 625
Dr. N
July 27, 2019
Impacts of Glaucoma Disease on African Americans
Specific Aims
Neuroscience refers to a medical field which is widely covered in medicine. It generally
involves the study of the human brain and its association with the entire human body’s nervous
system coordination. Therefore, all the human senses are studied under this neuroscience field of
medicine. Specifically, for this assignment, blindness as a branch of neuroscience will be dealt
with. The sense of seeing is usually aided by the relay of visual information within the human
brain. Several diseases which are related to human nervous system like Glaucoma have been
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Impacts of Glaucoma Disease
analyzed both neurologically and technologically. Although it is generally a complex process as
far as medical is concern to bringing a remedy or cure to a disease which is associated with the
human nervous system more especially when some specific tasked relays and neurons within the
system have been damaged, especially during accidents, technology is recently playing a great
advancement towards finding the possible ways at achieving an effective treatment to
neuroscience related cases (Charlson et al. 2015).
Glaucoma disease has been given priority in this research since it’s the most common
blindness condition which has threatened the entire world. "Glaucoma occurs about five times
more often in African Americans. Blindness from glaucoma is about six times more common. In
addition to this higher frequency, glaucoma often occurs earlier in life in African Americans —
on average, about ten years earlier than in other ethnic populations" ("African Americans and
Glaucoma," n.d.). Many research results have indicated the technology in collaboration with
neuroscience have taken a significant step in coming out with innovative measures which are
aimed at understanding the causes, the impacts as well as the remedy actions of blindness. These
efforts of neuroscience and medical technology will be evaluated in this study as well.
The specific aim of this proposal is to access three main aspects that are related to
Glaucoma, first is the examination of ethnic variations which are closely related to Glaucoma
disease, the second examination will be on the potential causes of Glaucoma, and finally
monitoring the impacts of cognitive progress of patients that are clinically diagnosed with
Glaucoma disease (Freedman, Shen, & Ahrens, 2016).
Background of the Study
Cases of glaucoma have been reported all over the world. The number of people affected
by glaucoma to an extend of becoming blind has increased significantly in recent years. This
PSY625: Biological Bases of Behavior Ashf ...
1. Title: The genetics of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease.
Student: Leon Smyth
Supervisor(s): Doctor Toni Pitcher, Professor Martin Kennedy
Sponsor: The Helen Poole and Ian McDonald Memorial Summer Studentship / Canterbury Medical
Research Foundation.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by degeneration of brain tissue which
affects one in five hundred New Zealanders. The tremor (shaking) and the problems with walking which are
caused by PD impact on the quality of life of affected people. However, there are other important issues
which arise due to PD which are less well-known and get less attention. These include problems sleeping,
depression and dementia. People who suffer from PD are three times more likely to have dementia than
the general population, and approximately one third of PD patients develop dementia. This has implications
for the health care system, and also the future, with New Zealand’s aging population. The genetics of PD
have been thoroughly researched over the past fifteen years, and are quite well understood. On the other
hand, the genetic component of dementia in PD has been overlooked.
This study acted as a pilot for a larger, ongoing study of cognition in PD patients in Christchurch. It
included a cohort of 209 people. This was subdivided into:
• 58 healthy, age-matched controls.
• 77 PD patients with normal cognition.
• 42 PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a pre-dementia condition.
• 32 PD patients with dementia.
Each patient gave blood samples, from which DNA was extracted. In this pilot, twenty different genes were
analysed by Sequenom MassArray in Auckland. This is a mass spectrometer, which can detect the
molecular differences between two genetic variants. While two genetic tests failed, the process was a
success, allowing eighteen of the twenty genetic regions to be tested in all the samples (3 852 tests) in a
single day. The genetic data which was gathered from Auckland was then correlated with clinical and
cognitive data from the New Zealand Brain Research Institute.
Ultimately, no single genetic variant was found to have a statistically significant association with
dementia in PD. This said, some trends were observed. The ApoE gene is slightly more common in PD
patients. Eighteen percent of PD patients with dementia or MCI had at least one risk variant compared with
13% of control PD patients (p = 0.0967). However, this gene is known to be correlated with Alzheimer’s
disease. This means that the increased risk of dementia in people affected by PD is probably due to an
increased risk of Alzheimer’s rather than their dementia being related to PD per se. Moreover, no increase
in risk of PD related dementia was found when a panel of genetic risk variants was created to generate a
cumulative risk for each patient.
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2. These results therefore indicate that, if there is a relationship between dementia and Parkinson’s
disease, the genetic component plays only a weak role in this. It is possible that, given a larger study, the
featherweight effects of a very large number of genes may be found to exert an effect. This study, while not
producing any significant results, is also important in identifying some possible lead genes to assess in
larger studies.
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