The document outlines the legal bases of school administration and supervision in the Philippines, highlighting provisions from the 1987 Constitution and various republic acts that govern education, including compulsory education, protection of educational rights, and the roles of public and private institutions. It includes specific laws related to curriculum, student rights, and support for education such as scholarships, as well as regulations and policies affecting faculty and administration. The document serves as a comprehensive guide to the established laws and guidelines that influence the educational landscape in the country.

1. RILYN L. CANTA
SHIELA D. JUANITE
MAED-EM
*
LEGAL BASES OF
SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATION AND
SUPERVISION

2. Laws Related to
School
Curriculum

3. The 1987 Constitutions
Article XIV Sections 1-5(5)

4. Section 1. The state shall protect and promote the right
of all the citizens to quality education at all levels and
shall take appropriate steps to make
such education accessible to all.
Section 2. The state shall:
*Establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate
and integrated system of education relevant to the
needs of the people and society;
*Establish and maintain s system of free public
education in the elementary and high school levels.
Without limiting the natural rights of parents to rear
their children, elementary education is compulsory for
all children of school age;

5. *Establish and maintain a system of scholarship
grants, student loan programs, subsidies and
other incentives which shall be available to
deserving students in both public and private
schools, especially to the underprivileged;
*Encourage non- formal, informal and
indigenous learning system, as well as self-
learning independent and out-of-school study
programs particularly those that respond to
community needs; and
*Provide adult citizens, the disabled and out-of-
school youth with training in civics, vocational
efficiency and skills.

6. *Section 3.
*All educational institutions shall include the study of
the Constitution as part of the curricula.
*They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster
love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach the rights
and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and
spiritual values, develop moral character and personal
discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking,
broaden scientific and technological knowledge and
promote efficiency.

7. *At the option expressed in writing by the
parent or guardians, religion shall be allowed
to be taught to their children or wards in the
public elementary and high schools within the
regular class hours by instructors designated or
approved by the religious authorities of the
religion to which the children or wards belong,
additional cost to the Government.

8. * Section 4.
* The state recognizes the complementary roles of the public and private institutions in
the educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and regulation of all
educational institutions.
* Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission
boards, shall be allowed solely by citizens of the Philippines or corporations or
associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens.
The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity participation in all
educational institutions. The control and administration of educational institutions
shall vested in citizens of the Philippines. No educational institution shall be
established exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more than one
third of the enrollment in any school. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply
to schools established for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and,
unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents.
* All revenues and assets of non- stock, non- profit educational institutions used actually,
directly and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from taxes and
duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the corporate existence of such
institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the manner provided by law.
Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned, may likewise
be entitled to such exemptions subject to the limitations provided by law including
restrictions on dividends and provisions for reinvestment.
* Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants endowments, donations or
contributions used actually, directly and exclusively for educational purposes shall be
exempt from tax.

9. Section 5.
* The State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and
conditions and shall encourage local planning in the development of
educational policies and programs.
* Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher
learning.
* Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study,
subject to fair, reasonable and equitable admission and academic
requirements.
* The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional
advancement. Non- teaching academic and non-academic personnel
shall enjoy the protection of the State.
* The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and
ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the
best available talents through adequate remuneration and other
means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

10. Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 (The Education
Act of 1982)
*This was an act providing for the establishment and
maintenance of an integrated system of education. In
accordance with Section 2, this act shall apply to and govern
both formal and non- formal system in public and private
schools in all levels of the entire educational system.

11. *
1. Department Order No. 5, s. 1955 – The
Secretary of Education provides that religious
instruction may be scheduled during the school
session in such a way as to enable the teacher in
religion to teach in the public school building
for more than one thirty-minutes period a day,
three times a week, to different groups of pupils
in the same school, provided no pupil is given
instruction under this arrangement for more than
the maximum lenght of time allowed by law.

12. 2. Republic Act No. 343 – This act
provides for the inclusion of Spanish as a
course or subject in all high schools, private
or public of the Philippines.
3. Republic Act No. 709 – This act made
the teaching of Spanish obligatory in all
courses of public and private colleges and
universities in the Philippines.

13. 4. Republic Act No. 1425 – (otherwise known as Rizal
Law) - This act requires that courses on the life, works
and writings of Jose Rizal, particulary his novels NOLI
ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO shall be
included in the curricula of all private and public schools,
colleges and universities. These courses shall be given as
a part of the school studies and/or language arts in the
high school; and the social sciences in the colleges and
universities. (Approved, June 12, 1956)
5. Republic Act No. 1881 – This Act states that all
students enrolled in the courses in Law, Commerce,
Liberal Arts, Foreign Service and Education are required
to complete at least 24 units of Spanish. (Approved, June
22, 1957)

14. 6. Republic Act No. 5181 – This act replaced Republic
Act No. 707, as amended by R.A. No. 1881. Under the
new law, college and university students are required to
complete at least 12 units of Spanish. It is, however,
provided that the Board of National Education is
authorized, in consideration of the particular relevance
and importance of Spanish, the require additonal units
for such courses as it may determine, on the exercise of
its discretion.
(Took effect during the school year 1968-1969).
7. Department Order No. 19, s. 1970 – This
Department Order increased time allotment for
language arts (English) from 30 to 40 minutes in grade
1 and 2, from 40 to 60 minutes in grades 3 and 4 from
60 to 80 minutes in the intermediate grades.

15. *This Order also approved the changing of the
terminology of “Arithmetic” into “Elementary
Mathematics”, with the aim of enabling the
Filipino child to achieve a deeper understanding of
the science of numbers and mathematical
concepts.
8. Republic Act No. 5946 – This law amended the
Medical Act of 1959. The act states that the
“students seeking admission to medical school must
have a Bachelor’s degree in Science or in Arts. This
Act led to the abolition of preparatory medical
courses in private schools, colleges and universities.

16. 9. Presidential Decree No. 6-A – This decree is known as
Educational Development Decree of 1972.
Under this decree, education will aim to attain the
national development goal, particularly the acceleration of
economic development and social progress, to assure the
maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and
enjoyment of the benefits of such growth, and to strenghten
national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values
of the people. To accomplish those aims, educational efforts
are to be directed toward broad general education, training of
manpower in the middle-level skills, development of high
level professions that will provide leadership for the nation
and extension of knowledge through research, and systematic
planning to meet changing needs and conditions.

17. Laws Related to
Students or Pupils

18. 1. Commonwealth Act no. 80 - This Act provided for the
organization of the Office of Adult Education under the
Director of Adult Education who was appointed by the
President with the consent of the Commission on
Appointment. This office was charged to eliminate
illiteracy, to provide for vocational guidance, and to give
citizenship training.
Executive Order No. 94 abolished the Office of Adult
Education under the Department of Education and
transferred its functions over to the Bureau of Public
Schools, where it is a division. (Based on the
Reorganization Act of 1947).
2. Republic Act no. 124 - this law requires private schools,
colleges and universities having an enrollment of 300 or
more to employ a part or full-time physician who will
conduct an annual physical examination of their
students.(Approved , June 14, 1947)

19. 3. Republic Act No. 896 – This Act provides for compulsory
education of seven years and made it mandatory on the part of
the parents to enroll their children in public schools upon
attaining seven years of age. (Approved, June 14, 1947)
4. Republic Act No. 4206 - This law prohibits the collection
of contributions for the Red Cross, Anti-Tuberculosis, PTA’s,
school athletic meets, medical and dental services or any other
project or purpose, whether voluntary or otherwise, from
school children of public primary and intermediate schools.
Under this law, persons found violating this provisions
would be punished, either with fine or imprisonment in the
discretion of the court.

20. 5. Republic Act No. 4090 - an act providing for state
scholarship in science, arts and letters and for poor and
deserving students, creating a state scholarship council to
integrate, systematize, administer and implement all
program of scholarship, and appropriate funds thereof.
6. Republic Act no. 4725 - this act amended Republic no.
4206 the collection of contribution for Anti-Tuberculosis,
Parent, Teacher Associations, School athletic meets, medical
and dental service school children and teachers of public
primary of intermediate and high school is hereby
prohibited. provided however,that this prohibition shall not
cover membership fees of school children in the Red Cross,
the Girl Scouts of the Philippines, and the Boy Scouts of the
Philippines.

21. 7. Republic Act no. 6139 - This act is known as the
“Tuition Fee Law”. This Act regulates the increases of
tuition fees in private schoold, colleges, and
universities. The law requires 180 days before
effectively. The amount of tuition fees should not be
beyond 15 percent of the basic tuition fees.
8. Presidential Decree No. 146 - This Decree is known
as the National College Entrance Examination was
promulgated with no other purpose but to regulate the
admission of students to all four year or five year degree
programs in the country so as to improve the quality of
higher education and to distribute students among
different courses, thus meeting the manpower needs of
the country.

22. Laws Related to
Finance and
Support

23. 1. Commonwealth Act No. 586 - Section 7 of this Act nationalizes the
support of the elementary schools except in chartered cities.
2. Republic Act No. 364 - This act authorizes all vocational school to
collect tuition fees, receive contributions from private persons and to
contract loans from the government and private banks and other
financial institutions and to create a special trust fund for each
school.(Approved, June 9, 1949)
3. Republic Act No. 1284 - This law exempt from amusement tax all
athletic meets, school programs and exhibitions, and other educational
activities conducted by public schools, by amending the National
Internal Revenue Code.
4. Republic Act No. 5447 - This act is otherwise known as Special
Educational Fund Act.

24. Other Laws Affecting
School Administration
and Supervision

25. 1. Executive Order No. 56 - This act authorizes the Director
of the Bureau of Private Schools to call upon the members of
the government examination boards for technical advice.
2. Republic Act No. 139 - This act is the present basis for the
selection and adoption of textbooks to be used in public and
private schools.
3. Republic Act No. 1147 - This act provides for the holding
of regular and promotional teacher civil service examinations
at least once every two years.
4. Republic Act No. 1265 - This act makes flag ceremony
compulsory in all educational institutions.
5. Republic Act No. 1880- An act amending section 562 and
564 of the Revised Administrative Code which prescribes the
legal hours of labor –”eight (8) hours a day, five (5) days a
week or forty (40) hours a week”.

26. 6. Republic Act No. 416 - The law converted the present Philippine
Normal School into Philippine Normal College conferring the Degrees
of Bachelor Science in Elementary Education and Master of Arts in
Education.
7. Department Order No.1, s. 1957 – (Revised Philippine
Educational Program) - This program is otherwise known as the 2-2
plan. This plan divides the present four years secondary education into
two parts, and aims to develop greater vocational competence and to
insure more adequate academic preparation for our students.
8. Department Order No. 27, s.1972 - This Order gives the Heads of
the Institutions Authority to expel, dismiss, or suspend indefinitely, or
cause the expulsion, dismissal, or suspension of any faculty, members,
employees and students, who after investigation, were found to have
been engaged or were engaged in subversion or similar illegal activities
or were known to be active member of subversive organizations and
activities.
*subversion -the act or an instance of subverting or overthrowing a legally
legally constituted government, institution, etc.

27. 9. Department Order No. 30, s.1972 - This order
prescribed the use of Identification Cards by all bonafide
students, faculty and staff members in each institution.
10. Department Order No. 33, s.1972 - The standard
operating procedure for screening university personnel
were spelled out in this Order.
11. Department Order No. 32, s.1972 - This order
granted academic freedom to Faculty members under
certain conditions.
12. Department Oder No.42 s.1972 - The major point
of this order is to stimulate students and faculty members
of colleges and universities to have build a New Society
within the context of the Decree issued in pursuance of
Proclamation 1081.

28. Circulars Which
Affect School
Administration And
Supervision

29. 1. B.P.S. Circular No.1, s.1946 – (Admission of U.S.
Veterans into Public Schools) - Discharged Filipino veterans
who had been active in service with the United States naval
and Military forces and who meet certain requirements
prescribed by law are eligible for education or training under
Public Law 16 or Public Law 346(78th Congress) in any
approved schools, colleges, universities, or other institutions
of learning.
2. B.P.S. Circular No. 32, s.1952 – (Permission to Teach in
Private Schools, Colleges, and Universities) - This circular
states that a public school teacher must have rendered at
least 2 years of satisfactory service before he can teach in
private schools.

30. 3. B.P.S Circular No. 9, s.1956 - (Requiring Mathematics Subjects
and Physics in the Secondary Course) – This made the teaching of
Elementary Algebra in the First Year, Geometry in the Second Year,
Advanced Algebra in the Third Year, and Physics in the Fourth Year,
compulsory in secondary schools effective beginning with the school
year 1957-1958.
4. Memorandum No. 38, s. 1957 – (Implementation of Section 85 of
the National Defense Act) – In order to further improve the citizenship
training of school children through the medium of the Preparatory
Military Training (P.M.T.) among high school students, it is respectfully
suggested that the steps be taken for full implementation of Section 85
of our National Defense Act which provides that instructors for the
cadets must be taken from the qualified male instructors who are
members of the reserve force.

31. 5. Memorandum No. 87, s. 1958 – Permission of Government
Officials to Teach in Private Schools During Summer Sessions.
-secure permit to teach from the proper Department Head
6. B.P.S. Circular No. 1, s. 1958 – Requirements for the Admission to
the Law Course.
-completed Bachelor of Arts course major in Political
Science, Logic, English, Spanish, History or Economics.
-entrance certificates are required before enrollment.
7. B.P.S. Circular No. 5, s. 1960 – Making Boy Scouting As a
Curricular Requirement
-one (1) of the days per week allocated for Physical Education
will be devoted to Boy Scouting activities under a trained Boy Scouter,
Cub-Master or Senior Scout Leader.

32. 8. B.P.S. Circular No. 7, s. 1960 – The New Four-Year
Curriculum Leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts
(A.B.) or Bachelor of Science (B.S.) Required for
Admission to the College of Medicine.
-applicants who complied with Pre-Medical
curriculum will be eligible for admission into College of
Medicine.
9. Memorandum No. 37, s. 1960 - Admission Requirement
to Nursing and Pharmacy Courses – Students intending to
take up the Nursing and Pharmacy courses are required to
complete Elementary Algebra or Geometry, Advanced
Algebra and Applied Arithmetic and Physics in the
Secondary Course. The records of such students, therefore,
should be carefully examined.

33. 10. Memorandum No. 46, s. 1960 - Prescribing
Preparatory Military Training and Health and Physical
Education as Separate Subjects
- each have a separate grade for each growing
period in conformity with the system of grading use in
school and shall count toward promotion or graduation.
11. B.P.S. Circular No. 22, s. 1960 – Merit and
Seniority Ranking System
-The Seniority Rule covers the following areas:
(1) Educational qualifications, (2) Civil Service
eligibility, (3) efficiency, (4) experience, and (5)
educational leadership and executive ability.

34. 12. Memorandum No. 57 s. 1963 - Greater Stress on
Correct Moral, Professional, and Ethical Conduct.
- “Code of Ethics for Public School Teachers and
Officials, Memorandum No. 121, s. 1959. Teachers are to set
the examples of Correct Appearance, Behavior, and Speech at
all times, and Memorandum No. 123, s. 1962, School Officials
and teachers Should Be Model in their Communities.
13. B.P.S. Circular No. 21, s. 1964 – Pupils Welfare – The
Paramount Interest of Schools.
- The principal function of the teacher is to teach. All
other functions or activities are secondary. He may therefore
be assigned to various extra-curricular activities, only if such
assignment will not interfere with his regular teaching duties.

35. 14. B.P.S. Circular No. 30, s. 1964 – Reshuffle of School
Officials in the Field. - Effective immediately, the
unnumbered Department Memorandum dated July, 1962,
having reference to the reshuffle every five years of school
officials in the field is hereby amended so as to include only
superintendents, district supervisors, area supervisors of
private schools, and elementary school principals.
15. Memorandum No. 116 , s. 1965 - Courtesy in the Public
Service. - All school officials, teachers, and employees under
the Bureau of Public Schools are enjoined to observed
courtesy on their official actuations at all times and to seek to
maintain the best relations with the public they serve through
prompt, courteous, and efficient service. Courtesy is the
hallmark of a man of culture.

36. 16. B.P.S. Circular No. 36, s. 1965 – Lobbying Prohibited in the Hall
of Congress and Offices. - Enjoying school officials, teachers, and
other school personnel are to refrain from lobbying in Legislative Halls
and Offices for Personnel Interest.

37. Thank you &
God Bless!