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1. LAND AND NOISE
POLLUTION
 INTRODUCTION:
Land is considered as important resource of
earth as it is source of many material essential
to man and other organism and is essential
medium for development of agriculture, etc...
Land is a major constituent of lithosphere.

2. LAND POLLUTION:
Land pollution is the degradation of earth's
land surface.
Land pollution is caused by human activities
and misuse of land resources.
 Land pollution damage the terrestrial
organism, reduce the uses of the land by
man for agricultural, residential, recreational
or other use.

3. CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION:
1. Careless and uncontrolled dumping of
urban wastes
2. Dumping of industrial wastes
3. Uncontrolled mining
4. Misusing the soil by harmful agricultural
practices

4. TYPES OF LAND POLLUTION:
There are two types of land pollution.
1. Land pollution due to solid waste like
industrial waste, mining waste, ashes,
agricultural waste.
2. Land pollution due to soil pollution.

5. LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS CAUSES:
The surface layer of land is called soil. It covers
about four-fifth of the land areas.
Fertility or the productive capacity of the soil
depends on the mineral it contain.
As the mineral are present in the top layer of
the soil.
 Land degradation refer to the loss of fertility or
productive capacity of the soil.

6. THE FACTORS CAUSING LAND DEGRADATION ARE:
a. SOIL EROSION
b. SOIL POLLUTION
c. SALINATION AND WATER LOGGING
d. SHIFTING CULTIVATION
e. DESERTIFICATION
f. URBANISATION

7. a. SOIL EROSION:
Loss or removal of the superficial layer of the soil by
the action of water, wind or by the activities of Man
is termed as soil-erosion.

8. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL EROSION:
I. Distribution, intensity and amount of
rainfall
II. Slope of the ground
III. Nature of soil
IV. Vegetation cover
V. Soil mismanagement

9. b. SOIL POLLUTION:
Soil pollution is the reduction in the
productivity of soil due to the presence of soil
pollutants.
Soil pollutants include pesticides, fertilizer,
organic manure, chemicals, radio active
wastes, discarded food,etc...

10. COMMON CAUSES OR SOURCES OF SOIL
POLLUTION ARE:
① Intensification of agricultural production
by excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides,
insecticides etc..
② Discharge of industrial effluents and
sewage on land.
③ Solid waste generated by community and
industries.
④ Hazardous waste like radio activity waste.

11. EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY:
• Soil pollutants have an adverse effect on
physical, chemical and biological properties
of soil.
• Pesticides, fungicides and some elements
like cu, hg , pb etc very harmful to beneficial
micro organism in soil so decrease in soil
fertility.
• The excessive use of fertilizer make the soil
either acidic or too alkaline.

12. c. SALINATION AND WATER LOGGING:
• Salination is the increase in the
concentration of soluble salts in the soil.
• In arid areas with low rainfall, poor drainage
and high temperature water evaporates
quickly leaving behind the salts in high
Concentration.

13. d. SHIFTING CULTIVATION:
In this, selected portion
Of the forest are cut
And burn. Crops are
Cultivated on that land
For some years till it
Become steriles.
Then fresh fields are
Formed for crop
Cultivation.

14. e. DESERTIFICATION:
Wind causes the shifting of sand dunes from
one place to another, increasing the proportion
of fertile land getting converted into desert. This
cause desertification.
The destruction of natural vegetation result into
increase soil erosion.

15. f. URBANISATION:
Man is to blamed for most of the land
degradation of grasslands, croplands and
forests.

16. NOISE POLLUTION
 Noise pollution is defined as disturbing noise that
may harm the activity or balance of human or animal
life.
 It can also defined as unwanted sound.

17. SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION:
THE MAIN SOURCE OF NOISE POLLUTION:
1. TRAFFIC NOISE:
• Traffic usually produce a lot of noise,
particularly in big cities cause a noise
pollution.
• Noise produced depend upon the
maintenance of the automobile.
• A well maintained vehicle produced lesser
noise compared to a badly maintained
vehicle.

18. 2. INDUSTRIAL NOISE:
• Noise is the essential by product of industry,
its intensity and nature depend upon the type
of industry.
• Industrial noises are usually produced by
reciprocating or rotating or any other type of
machinery.
• The usually noise level of the industry is from
55-95 db.

19. 3. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS SOURCE OF NOISE:
• It includes public festival, sirens of police or
sirens of industries which indicate warning
about something.
• It also includes shouting of hawkers and
playing of children.
• In military noise of bomb, grenade explosion,
missiles etc.. Cause noise pollution.
• In construction, noise of different equipment
used for constructing buildings and other
material.

20. MAJOR EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION:
1. LOSS OF HEARING:
Loss of hearing occur de to exposure of noise, which is
termed as artificial hearing loss.
2. ANNOYANCE:
GENERAL ANNOYANCE IS FELT AT ABOUT 75-85db.
Blood vessels are get constricted, breathing rate is
affected.
3. WORKING EFFICIENCY:
It found to be drastically decreased in person working
in the noisy environment.

21. CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION:
Following are the measures to be adopted to control
noise pollution:
1.Proper maintenance and lubrication of machine
reduce noise.
2. Silent zones should be created around residential
areas.
3. Use of loud speakers and amplifier should be
restricted.
4. Noisy machine should be installed in sound proof
chambers.
5.Restricting the unnecessary horn blowing by laws.

22. THERMAL POLLUTION:
It refer to degradation of water quantity as a
result of any process that changes the
ambient water temperature. A common cause
of thermal pollution is the use of water as a
coolant in power plant and industries.

23. CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION:
1. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
2. COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS
3. INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
4. DOMESTIC WASTE WATER
5. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
EFFECTS OF THERMAL POLLUTION:
• When a power plant first open or shuts down for
repair, fish and other organism adapted to
particular temperature range. This abrupt change in
water temperature known as "thermal shock".

24. • Thermal pollution may also increase the metabolic
rate of aquatic animal.
• An increased metabolic rate may result in increase
in fewer resources to support all types of organism.
• Organism which can adapt to higher temperature
can only survive.
Control measure of thermal pollution:
1. Large shallow cooling pond
2. By using cooling towers
3. By using spray pond

25. THANK YOU