The document provides information about signaling and telecommunication systems on a railway network. It discusses: 1) Control equipment including a microcontroller-based earth leakage detector and data logger installed at 13 stations to monitor earth faults. 2) Signaling aspects including panel interlocking installed at 75 out of 78 stations and LED signals provided for 1441 out of 2690 signals. 3) Digital axle counters installed on 41 block sections for vehicle detection. It also describes the power supply system including IPS provided at stations and interlocked gates, as well as diesel generators for battery charging during power cuts. The control laboratory aims to provide practical training on basic devices, circuit concepts, programmable devices,

2. Control Laboratory
Microcontroller based Earth Leakage
Detector (ELD)13 stations and potential
free contact wired to Data logger. for
predicting the earth fault of cable provided
at
Panel Interlocking: 75 out of 78 stations are
provided with a PI including three major
RRI. 1441 out of 2690 aspect of Signals are
provided with LED Signals.

3. 41 Block Sections are provided with Alcatel make Digital
Axle counter for the last Vehicle check on B-Route.

4. • Power Supply: Power supply is the
heart of Signalling System any
defect/failure of Power supply leads
to complete shutdown of Signalling
System. Accordingly special
emphasis has been given to Power
supply. IPS has been provided at all
PI stations (71) (excluding major
RRI) including 12 interlocked gates
to prevent the blanking of the
signal.
• To charge of batteries during long
power cut 175 Diesel Generator Set
has been provided at stations &
Interlocked LC gates.

5. DESCRIPTION
• The Control lab aims at imparting practical training not only on
basic devices (using trainer kits), simple circuit concepts and
programmable devices but also on complete systems of
communication and passenger information.
This lab gives an opportunity to trainees to get acquainted with
the actual system of Train Control Working by the help of
following control communication equipment:
• Conventional Control Equipment
• Equalizer Amplifier Type Control Equipment
• Control Equipment for OFC Media (CCEO)
• Control chart

6. Telecommunication
• Train Control Communication: Omnibus control circuits at each station provided on
OFC in B & D route and on quad cable in E-Route. 6-Quad cable and 4-Quad Cable
have been provided for the Block/ Gate Working and emergency communication. All
stations on the B-Route are provided with a Hot line communications with the adjacent
station on OFC network.
• The short-haul STM1 equipment is provided at every station (53 stations) in B & D-
route. The STM1 network is protected by long-haul STM4 (7 stations) self healing ring
network.
• Telephone Exchanges: For Railways Internal Communication requirements telephone
exchange (7 numbers) have been provided at important stations (Solapur, Wadi,
Gulberga, Kurduwadi, Daund and Ahemdnagar,Agra). Solapur is connected with the
Zonal Headquarter by tie line and NGN network. BSNL Telephones have been
provided at all Railway stations with Caller IDs.
• Data Communications: Computerized Passengers Reservation System (PRS) is
provided at a 12 stations. Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS) is provided at 73
stations. Crew Management System (CMS) is provided at 5 Crew Lobbies. Freight
Operation Information System (FOIS) / Coach Operation Information System (COIS) is
provided at all 16 loading station on the division.

7. 50 Line WLL (DECT) Exchange commissioned for ART
WD & ART DD for extending communication for Railway
Passengers and Railway staff from the disaster site
ART Western Digital
ART Display Digital

8. HISTORY OF N.C.R
• North Central Railway was raised on
1st Oct, 2002.
• It consist of two divisions each from
Northern &Western Railway.
• The formation of this zone along with
five new zones was first approved by
Railway Board on 16th Sept, 1996. The
main Branch of N.W.R is situated in
Jagatpura.

10. RAIL-NET
• RAILNET abbreviated from two words
RAILway + interNET.
• Railnet means “ the internet used by
railway”.
• First Railnet was established between
RAILWAY BOARD, 9 zones, & 6 production
units.

11. • INTRA-NET:
Intra-net is an internal network of
Indian Railway. Which is use by only
railway officers and staff member.
• INTER-NET:
Inter-net allow user to get into a global
communication method & global pool
of knowledge through www in a secure
manner.

12. PASSENGER RESERVATION
SYSTEM
PRS networking of entire Indian Railways completed in
April, 1999.
PRS is running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying
4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains and
executing ONE MILLION passenger transactions per
day.
Internet booking of tickets was started In August 2002.
TATKAL has been converted from a separate coach to a
normal Quota and enabled for all trains in 2004
Internet booking timings extended to 4:00 a.m. – 11:30
p.m. from March 2005.

13. Burhanpur Khandwa Betul Amla Pendurna
Ticketing
Dhule
Bhusawal Parsia
Malkapur Nandura Shegaon Akola Murtizapur
Khardi Vasind
Khamgaon
Network
Jalgaon Khadavalli Multai
Nepanagar Ghoradongri
Atgaon Nagpur
Deolali Titwala Sewagram
Pachora Bhopal
Asangaon Wardha
Ambivilli
Nasik Badnera Pulgaon
Dhamangaon
Chalisgaon Vasind Sahad
Amravati
Manmad Kalyan
Igatpuri Kasara Hinganghat Chandrapur Ballarshah
Secunderabad
Thakruli Kopargaon
Nahur Mulund
Dombivalli
Bandup
Vithalwadi
Diwa Sahabad
KanjuMarg Rd. Belapur
Mumbra Ulhasnagar Kalyan
Vikroli Shelu
Kalva Ahmednagar
Ambernath Neral
Gulbarga
Ghatkopar Thane
Badlapur Daund
Bhivpuri Rd.
Vidya Vihar Kurla Santa Mari
Vangani Karjat
Tilak Nagar Kurla Terminus (LTT) Pune
Sholapur Pandaharpur
Chunna Bhatti
Kurduwadi
GTB Nagar Sanpara Latur
Barsi town
Sion Vadala Airoli Begdewadi
Juinagar
Curry Road Sewree King Circle Ghansoli Dehu Rd. Kanhe Miraj
Vashi
Matunda Kopar
Parel Rey Rd Cotton Green Talegaon Saswad
Khairane Baramati
Mankhurd Ghorawadi
Dadar Vadgaon Pune
Chinchpokli Byculla
Turbhe Satara
Chembur Karad
Kamshet
Sandhurst Rd. Govandi
CSTM Malavali Shivaji Ngr.
Sangli Kolhapur
CSTM Panvel
Masjid Lonavala
Seawood Nerul Dapoli
DocYard Rd. Matheran
Belapur Akurdi Chinchwad Pimpri Kasarwadi
LEGEND Kharaghar Panvel
On OFC On DOT
On Copper Phase I
On DOT & Phase I

14. Delhi
IR’s SWITCHING NETWORK
Firozpur via JUC
(RCF,Kapurthala) Alipurduar Danapur
Lucknow Allahabad Katihar Dhanbad
(RDSO) (CORE) Izzatnagar Lumding Mughalsarai
Moradabad Agra Lucknow Rangia Samastipur
Ambala Jhansi Varanasi Tinsukhia Sonpur
(DCW,Patiala) (DLW)
Howrah
NR NCR NER NFR ECR
Jaipur Sealdah
(1000) (4400) (4100) (1300) (300)
Asansol
Ajmer
(CLW)
Bikaner Malda
NWR ER
Jodhpur (IMEE,Jamalpur)
(800) (2000)
Jabalpur Adra
Bhopal Chakradharpur
WCR RLY BOARD SER
Kota (4000) (3000) (4000) Kharagpur
Mumbai Ranchi
Ahmedabad WR SECR
Bhavnagar (3000) (2000) Bilaspur
Rajkot Nagpur
Ratlam CR SWR SCR SR ECoR Raipur
Vadodara (3000) (2000) (3000) (3000) (1000)
(RSC)
Hubli Secunderabad Chennai Khurda Road
(IRISET) (ICF)
Mumbai CSTM Sambalpur
Banglore Hyderabad Madurai
(IRIEEN,Nasik) Waltair
(WAP)
Bhusawal Guntkal Palghat LEGEND:
Mysore - E1 (2 MB) CONNECTIVITY
Guntur Tiruchchirapalli
Nagpur - CHANNEL CONNECTIVITY
Pune Nanded Trivandrum - ( ) CAPACITY of EXCHANGE
(IRICEN) Vijaywada
NOTE: Remaining Divisions will also be
Solapur connected at E1 level during this year.

15. Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) and Indian
Railways
• ICT is known to have made
– immense impact in booking of railway tickets
– can make an impact in
• service management
• tracking movement of goods
• control of wagons
• passenger amenities
– can improve decision making and management

16. Passenger Services
• Voice communications
– GSM is the best solution
– Railways can work out a deal with Cell operators, or RAILTEL can float a
Cellular Operator company
• Data Communication
– GPRS or corDECT can provide data communication to moving train
• provide a Internet kiosk on a train
• provide 802.11 wireless connection in the train for
passengers using laptops
– 802.11 wireless connection also at stations for passengers to download and
upload when train stops (at low cost)
• fibre provides backbone

17. OPTIC FIBRE
CABLE

18. What is OFC ?
Fibre Optic cable functions as a
“LIGHT GUIDE”, guiding the light
introduced at one end of the cable
through to the other end.

19. Advantages of Optic Fibre
• More Bandwidth - Thousands of Channels
• Low Loss - 0.5db per km
• Less number of Repeaters
• Electro Magnetic Immunity
• Small size & Light Weight - Easy to handle
• Greater Safety - No Electric Hazards
• Higher Security

20. OFC Applications
•Telecommunication Network
•Junction Network & Long Distance Network
•Submarine cable
•High EMI areas
•Explosive environment
•Computer links & Local Area Network
•Cable television
•Medical Field , Automobile Field

21. Principle of Working
Total Internal reflection
TIR is achieved since
Core and Cladding
having different
Refractive Indices.
Core RI – 1.48
Cladding RI – 1.47

22. Construction of Cable
•Centre Strengthening Member – GRP, FRP
•Loose Tube Buffers – 2.4 mm Dia
• Fibres are placed inside the Buffers along
with
Jelly to prevent moisture entry.
•Primary Strength Member – Aramid Yarn
-Kevlar
•Inner Sheath – Black
•Outer Nylon Sheath - Orange

23. Propagation of Light inside the Fibre

24. OFC types
•Single Mode Fibre
•Multi Mode Fibre
•Plastic Optic Fibre

25. Single Mode Fibre
•A much smaller core Diameter
•The Core dia is 8 to 10 Micrometer
•Cladding Dia is 125 Micrometer
•Very large bandwidth
•Light can go for very long distances

26. Multimode
Has a large Core Diameter
Core Diameter - 50, 62.5, 100 Micro meter
Cladding dia - 125 Micro meter
Light waves are dispersed into number of paths
Multiple path of light cause signal distortion
Suitable for shorter length like LAN

27. Plastic Optic Fibre
•Large Core - 1 MM Dia
•Multimode Fibre
•Used in Automobile
Industry instead of
Copper
•MOST (Media
Orientated System of
transport )

28. SPLICING
OPTICAL
FIBER CABLE

29. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
NO TOOLS NAME USE
1 Bolt cutter Cutting of the cable
2 Scissors Cutting paper
3 Lap cutter Removal of cable sheath
4 Phillip screw driver set. Tightning the screw
5 Marking scale For positioning cable clamp
6 Tape measuring Measurement
7 Spanner set Tightning nuts
8 Hammer Common used
9 Knife Removal plastic
10 Torque wrench For fixing the modal A cable
replace
11 Pliers combination For cutting tension members
12 Cleaver Cutting optical fiber core
13 Core stripper Stripping secondary coating

31. Method of cable Splicing
• STRIPPING
• CLEAVING
• FUSION PROCESS

32. Stripping
• Strip back the external sheathing of the
cable using a rotary stripping tool. Cut
back the aramid strength member using
ceramic or kevlar scissors.
• Strip the primary buffer from the fiber using fiber strippers
not ordinary wire strippers. Do this a small section at a time
to prevent the fiber breaking, about 10mm (3/8 in) on each
cut is fine until you get used to it. Strip back about 35mm
(1.5 in).
•Clean the bare fiber with a lint free wipe and isopropyl alcohol, it
will "squeak" when it is clean.

33. Cleaving
• The cleaver first scores the fiber and
then pulls the fiber apart to make a clean
break. It is important that the the ends
are smooth and perpendicular to get a
good joint, this is why a hand held
cleaver will not do.
• Basically the operation consists of putting the fiber into
the groove and clamping, then close the lid and press
the lever

34. The Fusion Process
• Once the fiber ends are prepared they are
placed in the fusion splicer. Press the
button and the machine takes care of the
rest of the fusion process automatically
• First the two fibers are aligned, you can see this on the photo
where a much magnified image shows the two fiber ends. The
display also shows how well the cleaver does its job of producing a
perfect 90 degree cut.

35. THANK YOU