Ide memberikan amnesti untuk pembocor dokumen program intelijen Amerika Serikat, Edward Snowden, memicu kontroversi. Snowden adalah eks analis intelijen Amerika Serikat, National Security Agency (NSA). Jika dikabulkan, ini dikhawatirkan akan melahirkan Snowden baru di masa mendatang.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Kontroversi Amnesti untuk Snowden, Koran Tempo 18 Desember 2013
1. llmu&Teknologi
RABU, 18 DESEMBER 2013 I KORAN TEMPO
12
FOTO-FOTO: TEMPO/FIRMAN HIDAYAT
Bukan Obyek
Pembangunan
o Rights, No REDD+.”
Kalimat ini merupakan semboyan yang dipegang teguh
Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara
(AMAN) dalam bernegosiasi di dalam
dan luar negeri. “Karena sekitar 30
persen masyarakat adat di Nusantara
tinggal di daerah-daerah yang rentan
terkena dampak-dampak perubahan
lingkungan, terutama yang di daerah
pesisir,” kata Sekretaris Jenderal
AMAN, Abdon Nababan.
Akhir November lalu, AMAN
menggelar acara Konsultasi Nasional
REDD+ (Reduction of Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation
atau pengurangan emisi dari deforestasi dan perusakan hutan). Puluhan
wakil masyarakat adat dari berbagai
daerah hadir di Jakarta.
Mina Susana Setra, Deputi Urusan
Politik, Hukum, dan Advokasi AMAN,
mengatakan jika hak-hak masyarakat
adat tidak diakui dan dilindungi, mereka tidak akan mendukung REDD+.
Menurut dia, semboyan itu penting
bagi kepastian hak-hak masyarakat
adat, kepastian tenurial, dan pengelolaan wilayah. “Serta dukungan
terhadap kearifan masyarakat adat
sebagai alternatif solusi mitigasi dan
adaptasi perubahan iklim,” katanya.
William Sabandar, Ketua Tim Khusus REDD+ di Unit Kerja Presiden Bidang Pengawasan dan Pengendalian
Pembangunan (UKP4), menjelaskan,
kebijakan pemerintah menempatkan
masyarakat adat sebagai obyek itu
tidak benar. “Ada paradigma kalau
pemerintah itu selalu benar. Kenyataannya tidak seperti itu. Banyak kasus
di Indonesia yang menunjukkan kalau
pemerintahlah penyebab masalah
pembangunan,” kata William dalam
Konsultasi Nasional REDD+ itu. ● UWD
“N
Warga Kampung Long Duhung di kebun persemaian karet di Kabupaten Berau.
KAMPUNG
IKLIM
DI BELANTARA
BORNEO
Program
REDD+ harus
mengakui
hak-hak
masyarakat
adat. Bukan
soal jual-beli
karbon.
Untung Widyanto
untung@tempo.co.id
B
ANGKU, meja, dan sesaji
disiapkan warga Kampung
Long Duhung, Kabupaten
Berau, Kalimantan Timur. Samion
Eng, Kepala Adat Dayak Mapenen,
dan Eng Misak Lungui, Kepala
Kampung Long Duhung, berdandan rapi. Senin, 2 Desember lalu,
mereka kedatangan Bupati Berau
Makmur HAPK dan pimpinan
The Nature Conservancy (TNC).
Para tamu itu menghadiri deklarasi penetapan Long Duhung
sebagai Kampung Iklim. “Ini
bukan sekadar jual-beli karbon,
masyarakat pedalaman, seperti
Long Duhung, sangat bergantung
pada hutan untuk menopang
Kayu hasil hak pengelolaan hutan di Kabupaten Berau.
kehidupan. Tak penting soal uang
karbon,”kata Makmur seusai deklarasi. Menurut dia, warga sangat
menyadari pentingnya hutan bagi
kehidupan umat manusia.
TNC sejak 10 tahun ini mendampingi warga melalui Program
Karbon Hutan Berau guna menjaga kelestarian hutan. Country
Director TNC Indonesia, Rizal
Algamar, mengatakan ketergantungan terhadap hutan terancam
seiring menurunnya kualitas
hutan dan kelimpahan sumber
daya hutan. “Warga memiliki
kekuatan dan aset yang dapat
didayagunakan untuk mengatasi
tantangan perubahan iklim ini,”
katanya.
Untuk program ini, TNC
memberi dua juta bibit pohon
karet bagi warga Long Duhung.
Mereka juga menyiapkan tim
ahli untuk mendampingi warga
selama merawat pohon hingga
masa panen. Maklum, warga
Long Duhung sama sekali tidak
memiliki pengalaman berkebun,
terutama dengan tanaman karet.
“Kami memang masih ragu karena, untuk panen, pohon karet
membutuhkan waktu tiga tahun,”
kata Samion Eng.
Keraguan utamanya tentang
perubahan aktivitas dasar warga,
yaitu berladang, berburu, dan
menjala. Selama ini warga berladang dengan menanam padi
gunung, yang dipanen enam bulan
sekali. Aktivitas sampingan lainnya, mendulang emas dari sungai
dan membuat perahu. Dengan
berkebun karet, kata Samion,
waktu akan tersedot hanya untuk
menjaga kebun karet selama tiga
tahun.“Tapi kami akan coba, apakah nanti menguntungkan kami
atau tidak,” katanya.
Anggota tim ahli, Profesor
Arriffien Bratawinata, menjelaskan bahwa menanam karet akan
mendatangkan hasil berkelanjutan. “Butuh waktu mengubah
pola hidup warga kampung, tapi
saya yakin dari karet mereka bisa
menerima hasil untuk kebutuhan
hidupnya,” katanya.
Masalah lain yang dihadapi
warga Kampung Long Duhung,
yang luasnya 51 ribu kilometer
persegi, adalah lingkungan sekitar. Letak kampung ini di tengah
belantara hutan dataran rendah
Kalimantan. Kampung itu masuk
area konsesi empat perusahaan
pemegang hak pengelolaan hutan,
yaitu PT Mahardika Insan Mulya,
Karya Lestari, Waha Bhakti, dan
Aditya. Ada 35 keluarga yang
hidup di kampung ini dan berasal dari Suku Dayak Punan
(Mapenan). ● FIRMAN HIDAYAT [BERAU]
RABU, 18 DESEMBER 2013
Internasional
KONTROVERSI AMNESTI
UNTUK SNOWDEN
Ide ini dikhawatirkan memotivasi
aksi serupa Snowden lainnya di masa
mendatang.
Abdul Manan
a_manan@tempo.co.id
E
ks analis di badan
intelijen sinyal Amerika Serikat National
Security Agency (NSA),
Edward Snowden, membuat pusing komunitas intelijen
dan pejabat di Washington. Aksi
pembocoran dokumen rahasia
yang dilakukannya pada Juni
lalu membuat praktek penyadapan dan pengawasan badan
intelijen AS menjadi terbuka
kepada publik dan mengundang
kemarahan negara-negara yang
menjadi sasarannya.
Snowden lari dari Hawaii,
pos penempatan terakhirnya di
NSA, pada 20 Mei 2013 menuju
Hong Kong, sebelum ke Rusia.
Di Hong Kong, ia membocorkan
dokumen NSA kepada jurnalis
Guardian, Glenn Greenwald,
dan pembuat film dokumenter
Laura Poitras. Dokumen itu
berisi program rahasia NSA dan
kolega intelijennya dari berbagai negara.
Berita soal aksi spionase NSA
bermunculan di media setelah
pertemuan di Hong Kong itu.
Kabar bahwa NSA memantau
komunikasi sejumlah kepala
negara dunia, termasuk Kanselir
Jerman Angela Merkel, membuat Amerika Serikat harus meredakan kemarahan para kolega
internasionalnya itu. Program
pengumpulan data telepon dan
Internet secara global membuat
pemerintah Obama melanggar
privasi dan melabrak hukum di
sejumlah negara.
Di tengah situasi itulah
muncul ide pemberian amnesti
kepada Snowden. “Pandangan
pribadi saya adalah, ya, cukup
layak untuk mendiskusikan soal
itu,” kata Richard Ledgett, pejabat NSA yang bertugas menilai
kerusakan yang disebabkan
oleh pembocoran dokumen oleh
Snowden, dalam wawancara
dengan CBS, Ahad lalu. Ledgett
adalah kandidat pengganti
Wakil Direktur NSA yang akan
segera pensiun, John C. Inglis.
Sebagai balasannya, Snowden
harus pulang ke Amerika dan
mengembalikan
dokumen
yang diambilnya. Jika diberi
amnesti, Snowden bisa terbebas dari dakwaan yang diajukan Departemen Kehakiman
AS pada Juni lalu. Ia didakwa
dengan pasal pencurian aset
pemerintah, melakukan komunikasi yang tidak sah terkait
dengan informasi keamanan
nasional, dan “mengkomunikasikan informasi intelijen yang
dirahasiakan dengan orang yang
tidak berhak”. Setiap ide untuk
memberi amnesti harus disetujui Departemen Kehakiman.
Tapi, badan ini tidak bersedia
mengomentari isu amnesti ini.
Ide tersebut memicu kontroversi. Direktur NSA Jenderal
Keith Alexander mengatakan
kepada CBS bahwa pemberian
amnesti akan seperti memberi
penghargaan kepada pembocor dan itu berpotensi menjadi
insentif bagi yang melakukan
hal serupa di masa mendatang.
Juru bicara Departemen Luar
Negeri AS, Marie Harf, menyebut ide Ledgett itu sebagai pandangan pribadi. “Posisi kami
belum berubah. Snowden menghadapi tuduhan sangat serius
dan harus kembali ke Amerika
Serikat untuk menghadapi dakwaan itu,” kata Harf, Ahad lalu.
Eks Direktur NSA, Jenderal
Michael Hayden, punya pandangan serupa. “Saya tidak
akan melakukannya. Itu hanya
akan memotivasi aksi serupa
Snowden lainnya di masa mendatang,” ujarnya.
Kepada New York Times,
Oktober lalu, Snowden mengatakan bahwa dia melepaskan diri
dari dokumen yang diambilnya
dari NSA sebelum meninggalkan Hong Kong menuju Rusia
dan mendapat suaka setahun di
sana. Itu upaya preventif agar
dokumen itu jauh dari jangkauan intelijen Rusia.
Kepada NewYork Times, Sabtu
lalu, pejabat senior AS menyatakan NSA tidak percaya bahwa
dokumen Snowden ini lolos dari
jangkauan intelijen Rusia dan
Cina. Ia juga mengatakan pemerintah mungkin tidak pernah
tahu berapa banyak dokumen
yang diambil Snowden. Pejabat
AS sebelumnya menaksir
dokumen yang mungkin
diambil Snowden sekitar
200 ribu.
Menurut Ledgett, NSA
masih khawatir soal publikasi lebih lanjut karena
meyakini sebagian besar
dokumen Snowden itu
belum semuanya dipublikasikan media. Media
Inggris, Guardian, dalam
sidang dengar pendapat di
Parlemen Inggris pada awal
Desember lalu, mengatakan
mereka baru menerbitkan 1
persen dari sekitar 58 ribu
dokumen Snowden.
Eks analis NSA itu kembali ke AS ataupun tidak,
pemerintahan Obama kini
bergulat dengan adanya
kemungkinan pembocoran serupa di masa depan.
Ledgett dan pejabat NSA
lain mengatakan, mereka
kini membuat inisiatif teknis
baru untuk mencegah adanya “Snowden baru” dengan
memperketat pengamanan
data secara internal.
● GUARDIAN | NEW YORK TIMES | CBS
ILUSTRASI:
TEMPO/IMAM YUNNI
EKS ANGGOTA
POLITBIRO CINA
DIJERAT KASUS
KORUPSI
» 30
29
Bocoran Rahasia
Snowden
● PROGRAM PRISM
Prism adalah program pengawasan
rahasia NSA, dengan biaya US$ 20 juta setahun, yang memberi NSA akses ke server
perusahaan teknologi terbesar di Amerika
Serikat, seperti Google, Apple, Microsoft,
Facebook, AOL, PalTalk, dan Yahoo!. Badan
intelijen sinyal Inggris, GCHQ, memiliki
akses ke data program Prism. Perusahaan
teknologi itu membantah NSA mengakses
ke server mereka. NSA membayar jutaan
dolar AS kepada perusahaan yang ikut
dalam program Prism.
● PROYEK TEMPORA
Badan intelijen Inggris GCHQ menyadap
kabel serat optik dan menggunakannya
untuk menciptakan “penyangga Internet”
raksasa bernama Tempora, yang mengalir
masuk dan keluar dari Inggris. Isi dari komunikasi diambil oleh sistem dan disimpan
selama tiga hari, sedangkan metadata-informasi soal pengirim, penerima, waktu,
dan banyak lagi--disimpan sampai 30 hari.
Perusahaan-perusahaan telekomunikasi
yang disebut terlibat dalam program ini
antara lain BT, Verizon Business, Vodafone
Cable, Global Crossing, Level 3 Viatel, dan
Interoute.
● PENGUMPULAN CATATAN
TELEPON
NSA mengumpulkan catatan
telepon (metadata) jutaan orang
Amerika, yang dimulai pada masa
Presiden George W. Bush. Program
ini memungkinkan NSA menyimpan
data siapa yang dihubungi orang
Amerika, kapan, dan untuk berapa
lama. Namun NSA tidak diizinkan
untuk menyimpan isi percakapannya.
● PROGRAM UPSTREAM
Upstream mengacu pada sejumlah program intersepsi massal yang
dilakukan oleh NSA, dengan nama sandi
FAIRVIEW, STORMBREW, OAKSTAR, dan
BLARNEY. Program ini melibatkan penyadapan kabel komunikasi serat optik, baik
yang melintasi Amerika Serikat maupun di
stasiun darat kabel bawah laut.
Program ini memungkinkan NSA mengakses ke harta karun data telepon dan
Internet. NSA menyimpan semua metadata
yang diperoleh melalui Upstream dan Prism
dalam sistem database yang disebut MARINA selama 12 bulan.
● PERETASAN ENSKRIPSI
NSA dan GCHQ telah melakukan upaya
sistematis untuk mengacaukan enkripsi,
teknologi yang menjadi dasar dari
aspek keselamatan dan keamanan
Internet, termasuk akun e-mail,
perdagangan, perbankan, dan catatan
resmi. Nama sandi yang dipakai untuk
program ultrarahasia ini menggunakan
istilah pertempuran perang sipil masing-masing negara: BULLRUN untuk
NSA dan Edgehill untuk GCHQ.
● BAHAN: ABDUL MANAN | GUARDIAN
Edward Snowden