The document is from the perspective of the liver describing how much it loves and cares for the body. In 99 points, the liver details all of the essential functions it performs including storing nutrients, producing bile to aid digestion, detoxifying chemicals, regulating blood sugar levels, producing blood and proteins, removing toxins from the air, and more. It emphasizes that without the liver, the body would not be able to survive or function properly. The liver provides advice on how to care for it, such as avoiding excessive alcohol, drugs, fatty foods, and chemicals, and getting regular medical checkups.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
( Kevin ) Liver
1. HOW MUCHDO YOU LOVEHOW MUCHDO YOU LOVE
YOURLIVER?YOURLIVER?
How Can You Love it,How Can You Love it,
if You Don't Know it?if You Don't Know it?
2. Hi... I'm Your Liver!Hi... I'm Your Liver!
Let me tell youLet me tell you
how much I love you…inhow much I love you…in 99 waysways
3. 1. I1. I store the ironstore the iron
reserves you need, asreserves you need, as
well as a lot ofwell as a lot of
vitamins and othervitamins and other
minerals.minerals.
Without me, youWithout me, you
wouldn't have thewouldn't have the
strength to carry on!strength to carry on!
4. 2. I make2. I make bilebile to helpto help
digest your food.digest your food.
Without me, you'dWithout me, you'd
waste away towaste away to
nothing.nothing.
5. 3. I3. I detoxify poisonousdetoxify poisonous
chemicalschemicals you give me,you give me,
and that includesand that includes
alcohol, beer, wine andalcohol, beer, wine and
drugs (prescribed anddrugs (prescribed and
over-the-counter) asover-the-counter) as
well as illegalwell as illegal
substances.substances.
Without me, your "bad"Without me, your "bad"
habits would kill you.habits would kill you.
6. 4. I store4. I store energyenergy, like a, like a
battery, by stockpilingbattery, by stockpiling
sugar (carbohydrates,sugar (carbohydrates,
glucose and fat) untilglucose and fat) until
you need it.you need it.
Without me, the sugarWithout me, the sugar
level in your bloodlevel in your blood
could fall dramaticallycould fall dramatically
and you'd go into aand you'd go into a
coma.coma.
7. 5. I5. I make the bloodmake the blood thatthat
got your system goinggot your system going
even before you wereeven before you were
born.born.
Without me, youWithout me, you
wouldn't be here!wouldn't be here!
8. 6. I6. I manufacture newmanufacture new
proteinsproteins that your bodythat your body
needs to stay healthyneeds to stay healthy
and grow.and grow.
Without me, youWithout me, you
wouldn't grow properly!wouldn't grow properly!
9. 7. I7. I remove poisonsremove poisons fromfrom
the air, exhaust smokethe air, exhaust smoke
and chemicals youand chemicals you
breathe.breathe.
Without me, you'd beWithout me, you'd be
poisoned by pollutants!poisoned by pollutants!
10. 8. I8. I make clotting factorsmake clotting factors
that stop the bleedingthat stop the bleeding
when you accidentallywhen you accidentally
prick yourself.prick yourself.
Without me, you'd bleedWithout me, you'd bleed
to death!to death!
11. 9. I help9. I help defend youdefend you againstagainst
the germs going into yourthe germs going into your
body all the time. I takebody all the time. I take
those cold germs, flu bugsthose cold germs, flu bugs
and other germs youand other germs you
encounter, and knock themencounter, and knock them
dead - or at least weakendead - or at least weaken
them.them.
Without me, you'd be aWithout me, you'd be a
sitting duck for everysitting duck for every
infection known to man.infection known to man.
12. That's how muchThat's how much
I love you...I love you...
but do you love me?but do you love me?
13. Let me tell you some easyLet me tell you some easy
ways to love me, your liverways to love me, your liver
14. • Don't drown me in beer,Don't drown me in beer,
alcohol or wine!alcohol or wine!
Even one drink is too muchEven one drink is too much
for some people and couldfor some people and could
scar me for life.scar me for life.
15. • I scar easily.. and those scars, called "cirrhosis"I scar easily.. and those scars, called "cirrhosis"
are permanent.are permanent.
Medicine is sometimes necessary. ButMedicine is sometimes necessary. But taking pillstaking pills
when they aren't necessary is a bad habitwhen they aren't necessary is a bad habit. All. All
those chemicals can really hurt a liver.those chemicals can really hurt a liver.
• Watch those drugs!Watch those drugs!
All drugs areAll drugs are
chemicals, and whenchemicals, and when
you mix them upyou mix them up
without a doctor'swithout a doctor's
advice you could createadvice you could create
something poisonoussomething poisonous
that could damage methat could damage me
badly.badly.
16. • Be careful withBe careful with
aerosol spraysaerosol sprays!!
•
Remember, I have toRemember, I have to
detoxify what youdetoxify what you
breathe in, too. Sobreathe in, too. So
when you are cleaningwhen you are cleaning
with aerosol cleaners,with aerosol cleaners,
make sure the room ismake sure the room is
ventilated, or wear aventilated, or wear a
mask.mask.
• That goes double for bug sprays, mildewThat goes double for bug sprays, mildew
sprays, paint sprays and all those othersprays, paint sprays and all those other
chemical sprays you use. Be careful what youchemical sprays you use. Be careful what you
breathe!breathe!
17. Watch what gets on your skin!Watch what gets on your skin! Those insecticidesThose insecticides
you put on trees and shrubs not only kill bugs theyyou put on trees and shrubs not only kill bugs they
can get to me right through your skin and destroycan get to me right through your skin and destroy
my cells, too. Remember they're all chemicals.my cells, too. Remember they're all chemicals.
Cover your skin with gloves, long sleeves, a hat andCover your skin with gloves, long sleeves, a hat and
mask every time insecticides are in the air or ifmask every time insecticides are in the air or if
you're handling them.you're handling them.
18. • Don't eat too muchDon't eat too much fatty foodfatty food!!
I make the cholesterol your body needs, andI make the cholesterol your body needs, and
I try to make the right amount.I try to make the right amount.
Give me a break. Eat a good, well balancedGive me a break. Eat a good, well balanced
nourishing diet. If you eat the right stuff fornourishing diet. If you eat the right stuff for
me, I'll really do my stuff for you!me, I'll really do my stuff for you!
19. WARNING:WARNING:
I can't and won't tell you I'm in trouble untilI can't and won't tell you I'm in trouble until
I'm almost at the end of my rope... and yours.I'm almost at the end of my rope... and yours.
Remember: I am a non-complainer. Overloading meRemember: I am a non-complainer. Overloading me
with drugs, alcohol and other junk can destroy me!with drugs, alcohol and other junk can destroy me!
This may be the only warning you will ever get.This may be the only warning you will ever get.
20. Take My Advice, Please!Take My Advice, Please!
• Check me out with your doctor.Check me out with your doctor.
• Blood screening tests can identifyBlood screening tests can identify
some trouble.some trouble.
• If I'm soft and smooth, that's good. IfIf I'm soft and smooth, that's good. If
I'm hard and bumpy, that could meanI'm hard and bumpy, that could mean
trouble.trouble.
• If your doctor suspects trouble,If your doctor suspects trouble,
ULTRA SOUND and CT scans canULTRA SOUND and CT scans can
look into it.look into it.
• My life, and yours, depends on howMy life, and yours, depends on how
you treat me.you treat me.
21. Now you know how much I care forNow you know how much I care for you.you.
Please treatPlease treat meme with tender loving care.with tender loving care.
Yoursilent partnerandYoursilent partnerand
ever-loving lover…. LIVERever-loving lover…. LIVER
