This document provides 14 references related to the Kawa model, an occupational therapy framework developed by Dr. Michael Iwama. Several of the references are authored by Iwama and discuss the development and use of the Kawa model, including how it incorporates cultural context. Other references apply the Kawa model within different cultural contexts or explore how culture influences occupational therapy practice. The references cover topics such as using the Kawa model in Ireland, cross-cultural perspectives on client-centered practice in Japan, and a pilot study of cultural influences on occupational therapy in Singapore.

1. References
Carmody, S., Nolan, R., Ni Chonchuir, N., Curry, M., Halligan, C., & Robinson, K. (2007). The
guiding nature of the Kawa (river) model in Ireland: Creating both opportunities and
challenges for occupational therapists. Occupational Therapy International, 14(4), 221-
236.
Iwama, M. (n.d.). The Kawa model. Retrieved July 15, 2011, from http://www.kawamodel.com/
Iwama, M. K. (1999). Cross-cultural perspectives on client-centered occupational therapy
practice: A view from Japan. Retrieved July 22, 2011, from
http://www.caot.ca/otnow/nov99-eng/nov99-client.cfm#5
Iwama, M. K. (2005a). The Kawa (river) model: Nature, life flow & the power of culturally
relevant occupational therapy. In F. Kronenberg, S. S. Algado, & N. Pollard. (Eds.),
Occupational therapy without borders: Learning from the spirit of survivors (pp. 127-
139). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
Iwama, M. K. (2005b). The Kawa (river) model: Nature, life flow & the power of culturally
relevant occupational therapy. In F. Kronenberg, S. S. Algado, & N. Pollard. (Eds.),
Occupational therapy without borders: Learning from the spirit of survivors (pp. 213-
227). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
Iwama, M. K. (2006a).The Kawa model: Culturally relevant occupational therapy. Edinburgh:
Elsevier.
Iwama, M. K. (2006b). The Kawa (river) model: Client centered rehabilitation in cultural
context. In S. Davis (Ed.), Rehabilitation: The use of theories and models in practice
(pp.147-167). Edinburgh: Elsevier
Meghan Smith, July 26, 2011 OCTH 611 Advanced Theory & Philosophy of Occupation 1

2. Iwama, M. K., Thomson, N. A., & Macdonald, R. M. (2009). The Kawa model: The power of
culturally responsive occupational therapy. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(14), 1125-
1135.
Nelson, A. (2007). Seeing white: A critical exploration of occupational therapy with Indigenous
Australian people. Occupational Therapy International, 14(4), 237-255.
Suyi, Y., Mei Poh, S., Tsunaka, M., &HuaBeng, L. (2006). Cultural influences on occupational
therapy practice in Singapore: A pilot study. Occupational Therapy International, 13(3),
176-192.
Meghan Smith, July 26, 2011 OCTH 611 Advanced Theory & Philosophy of Occupation 2