This document discusses the Filipino concepts of katarungan (justice), kapayapaan (peace), and pagkakaisa (unity). It states that katarungan refers to fairness, righteousness, and equality before the law. Kapayapaan is seen as a consequence of achieving katarungan and pagkakaisa. The document notes that there are different levels or gradations of justice, and that the concepts of "pagkonsidera" (consideration) and "pagtanggap" (acceptance) can imply an unjust ruling. It emphasizes that while Filipinos value both justice and peace, kapayapaan is never equivalent to katarungan. Settlement

1. KAPAYAPAAN:
Consequence of Katarungan as Unity
KATARUNGAN
KAPAYAPAAN at
PAGKAKAISA
JUSTICE AS
PEACE
Ang katarungan o hustisya ay tumutukoy
sa katuwiran, pagiging wasto o
kawastuhan, katumpakan, at
pagkakapantay-pantay ng mga tao sa
harapan ng batas o sa harap ng isang
hukuman.

2. KAPAYAPAAN:
Consequence of Katarungan as Unity
KATARUNGAN
KAPAYAPAAN at
PAGKAKAISA
JUSTICE AS
PEACE
This is perceived as making up the
concept of justice, derived from the
people’s kapwa-centered value system.
These oftentimes dominate the other
considerations and are reflected in the
Filipino predisposition for seeking
compromises to disputes rather than
going through the formal action.

3. KAPAYAPAAN:
Consequence of Katarungan as Peace
KATARUNGAN
KAPAYAPAAN at
PAGKAKAISA
JUSTICE AS
PEACE
Kapayapaan is often involved by the
phrase “DIYOS NA ANG BAHALA SA
KANYA”. Justice is not what the law says it
is, but what the people say is should be..

4. KAPAYAPAAN: Consequence of Katarungan as Unity
2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS CONCEPT

5. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
VALUE GIVEN TO PEACE ALONG WITH JUSTICE
ANG HALAGA NG KAPAYAPAAN SA KATARUNGAN
SA PAGKAKAISA SA PANANAW SA KATARUNGAN O SA
KUNG ANO ANG NAAAYON, NAKAKAMIT ANG
KAPAYAPAAN.
• ACCEPTANCE – it is a manifestation of
accommodative nature of the concept of
katarungan which uses “diyos na ang bahala sa
kanya” as unwanted system of palakasan to
resolved injustices.

6. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
VALUE GIVEN TO PEACE ALONG WITH JUSTICE
ANG HALAGA NG KAPAYAPAAN SA KATARUNGAN
SA PAGKAKAISA SA PANANAW SA KATARUNGAN O SA
KUNG ANO ANG NAAAYON, NAKAKAMIT ANG
KAPAYAPAAN.
• SETTLEMENT
aside from being quicker and cheaper than court
litigations, increases the likehood of stablishing
mapayapa and cordial relationships between
disputants.

7. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
VALUE GIVEN TO PEACE ALONG WITH JUSTICE
ANG HALAGA NG KAPAYAPAAN SA KATARUNGAN
SA PAGKAKAISA SA PANANAW SA KATARUNGAN O SA
KUNG ANO ANG NAAAYON, NAKAKAMIT ANG
KAPAYAPAAN.
• SETTLEMENT
HOWEVER…

8. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
VALUE GIVEN TO PEACE ALONG WITH JUSTICE
ANG HALAGA NG KAPAYAPAAN SA KATARUNGAN
SA PAGKAKAISA SA PANANAW SA KATARUNGAN O SA
KUNG ANO ANG NAAAYON, NAKAKAMIT ANG
KAPAYAPAAN.
• SETTLEMENT
HOWEVER…Settlements are not always accepted
as just, and that KAPAYAPAAN is never equated
with KATARUNGAN.

9. KAPAYAPAAN: Consequence of Katarungan as Peace
2 CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS CONCEPT

10. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
DIFFERENT LEVELS/GRADATION OF JUSTICE
LEBEL/BAITANG NG HUSTISYA
ANG “PAGKONSIDERA” AT “PAGTANGGAP” AY MAY
KAAKIBAT NA KALIDAD NG HINDI PATAS NA HATOL
NG HUSTISYA.

11. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
DIFFERENT LEVELS/GRADATION OF JUSTICE
LEBEL/BAITANG NG HUSTISYA
ANG “PAGKONSIDERA” AT “PAGTANGGAP” AY MAY
KAAKIBAT NA KALIDAD NG HINDI PATAS NA HATOL
NG HUSTISYA.

12. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
DIFFERENT LEVELS/GRADATION OF JUSTICE
LEBEL/BAITANG NG HUSTISYA
ANG “PAGKONSIDERA” AT “PAGTANGGAP” AY MAY
KAAKIBAT NA KALIDAD NG HINDI PATAS NA HATOL
NG HUSTISYA.

13. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
DIFFERENT LEVELS/GRADATION OF JUSTICE
LEBEL/BAITANG NG HUSTISYA
ANG “PAGKONSIDERA” AT “PAGTANGGAP” AY MAY
KAAKIBAT NA KALIDAD NG HINDI PATAS NA HATOL
NG HUSTISYA.

14. 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT
DIFFERENT LEVELS/GRADATION OF JUSTICE
LEBEL/BAITANG NG HUSTISYA
ANG “PAGKONSIDERA” AT “PAGTANGGAP” AY MAY
KAAKIBAT NA KALIDAD NG HINDI PATAS NA HATOL
NG HUSTISYA.

15. SOURCE:
Enriquez, V. (1992). From Colonial to Liberation Psychology: The Philippine
Experience. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press (2008 Printing).
With the initiative of:
ACE S. MATILAC
UIC – Davao City, Philippines