Object Oriented Solved Practice Programs C++ ExamsMuhammadTalha436
The question asks to create classes to represent publications, books, and tapes. The Publication class has title and price attributes. The Book class inherits from Publication and adds a noOfPages attribute. The Tape class inherits from Publication and adds a playingTime attribute.
This document discusses Java data types. It covers the 9 main Java primitive data types including integer, floating point, character, and boolean types. It describes type compatibility and conversions between data types. It also discusses type promotion and casting between wider and narrower data types. Variable scope is also covered, distinguishing between instance, parameter, and local variables.
This document discusses cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities and remediation. It begins with an introduction to XSS and examples of reflected and stored XSS. It then covers crafting XSS payloads and the impact of successful attacks. The document concludes with recommendations for mitigation, including input validation, output encoding, and tools like OWASP ESAPI and the Microsoft Web Protection Library.
This document provides an overview of C# programming basics, including:
- C# is an object-oriented language where the basic unit is a class containing methods and variables.
- A C# program consists of at least one class that must contain a Main method, which acts as the program entry point.
- The document discusses basic C# concepts like variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, methods, and arrays.
- It also covers how to compile and run a simple "Hello World" C# program, and provides examples of different programming constructs.
Content
What is disease and disease control ?
What is disease Elimination and Eradication ?
Concept of control
Disease control measures
Breaking the chain of infection
National Health Programs for Disease Control
Learning Objectives
Describe about disease and disease control
Differentiate between disease elimination and eradication
Describe the chain of infection and measures to break it
Describe action to be taken for controlling of disease
Enlist the types of surveillance
Enlist the health program runs in India for controlling of disease
Disease
A pathogenic condition in which the normal functioning of an organism or body is impaired or disrupted resulting in extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, or death.
Source of disease
Human Tb, chickenpox, Covid-19
Water cholera, diarrhea, typhoid
Animal Rabies
Disease control
It refers to reducing the transmission of a disease to a level when it no longer remains a “public health problem”.
Example :- In London John Snow controlling the cholera by removing the handle of incriminated water pump.
Disease Elimination:
Reduction of incidence of a disease in a defined geographic area to a predetermined very low level or to zero with continued intervention is known as elimination.
Example - Elimination of Measles, Polio and Diphtheria from large geographic regions or areas.
Disease Eradication:
Eradication is permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts.
Eradication literally means to "tear out by roots".
Example - Small pox is only a disease which is Eradicated
It is eradicated in 1980
Concept of control
The term disease control describes ongoing operations aimed at reducing :-
The incidence of disease
The duration of disease, and consequently the risk of transmission
The effects of infection, including both the physical and psychosocial complication
The financial burden to the community.
DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES
Every disease has certain weak link in the ‘Chain of transmission’.
The basic principle or approach in disease control is to identify that weakest link and break it.
This requires sound epidemiological knowledge about the disease study such as - Epidemiological determinants, Magnitude of disease, distribution of disease etc.
IV. Disease control measures are undertaken to –
- Prevent occurrence of disease
- Reduce morbidity and mortality due to disease
V. It requires :-
Teamwork,
Community participation,
Inter sectoral coordination
Political support and
Adequate information about disease epidemiology
• For disease control action taken at the following levels–
Controlling the Source of Infection
Interruption Transmission of Disease
Protection of Susceptible Host
Reservoir & Controlling the Source of Infection
The chain of transmission of a disease starts from the source or reservoir.
Object Oriented Solved Practice Programs C++ ExamsMuhammadTalha436
The question asks to create classes to represent publications, books, and tapes. The Publication class has title and price attributes. The Book class inherits from Publication and adds a noOfPages attribute. The Tape class inherits from Publication and adds a playingTime attribute.
This document discusses Java data types. It covers the 9 main Java primitive data types including integer, floating point, character, and boolean types. It describes type compatibility and conversions between data types. It also discusses type promotion and casting between wider and narrower data types. Variable scope is also covered, distinguishing between instance, parameter, and local variables.
This document discusses cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities and remediation. It begins with an introduction to XSS and examples of reflected and stored XSS. It then covers crafting XSS payloads and the impact of successful attacks. The document concludes with recommendations for mitigation, including input validation, output encoding, and tools like OWASP ESAPI and the Microsoft Web Protection Library.
This document provides an overview of C# programming basics, including:
- C# is an object-oriented language where the basic unit is a class containing methods and variables.
- A C# program consists of at least one class that must contain a Main method, which acts as the program entry point.
- The document discusses basic C# concepts like variables, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, methods, and arrays.
- It also covers how to compile and run a simple "Hello World" C# program, and provides examples of different programming constructs.
Content
What is disease and disease control ?
What is disease Elimination and Eradication ?
Concept of control
Disease control measures
Breaking the chain of infection
National Health Programs for Disease Control
Learning Objectives
Describe about disease and disease control
Differentiate between disease elimination and eradication
Describe the chain of infection and measures to break it
Describe action to be taken for controlling of disease
Enlist the types of surveillance
Enlist the health program runs in India for controlling of disease
Disease
A pathogenic condition in which the normal functioning of an organism or body is impaired or disrupted resulting in extreme pain, dysfunction, distress, or death.
Source of disease
Human Tb, chickenpox, Covid-19
Water cholera, diarrhea, typhoid
Animal Rabies
Disease control
It refers to reducing the transmission of a disease to a level when it no longer remains a “public health problem”.
Example :- In London John Snow controlling the cholera by removing the handle of incriminated water pump.
Disease Elimination:
Reduction of incidence of a disease in a defined geographic area to a predetermined very low level or to zero with continued intervention is known as elimination.
Example - Elimination of Measles, Polio and Diphtheria from large geographic regions or areas.
Disease Eradication:
Eradication is permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts.
Eradication literally means to "tear out by roots".
Example - Small pox is only a disease which is Eradicated
It is eradicated in 1980
Concept of control
The term disease control describes ongoing operations aimed at reducing :-
The incidence of disease
The duration of disease, and consequently the risk of transmission
The effects of infection, including both the physical and psychosocial complication
The financial burden to the community.
DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES
Every disease has certain weak link in the ‘Chain of transmission’.
The basic principle or approach in disease control is to identify that weakest link and break it.
This requires sound epidemiological knowledge about the disease study such as - Epidemiological determinants, Magnitude of disease, distribution of disease etc.
IV. Disease control measures are undertaken to –
- Prevent occurrence of disease
- Reduce morbidity and mortality due to disease
V. It requires :-
Teamwork,
Community participation,
Inter sectoral coordination
Political support and
Adequate information about disease epidemiology
• For disease control action taken at the following levels–
Controlling the Source of Infection
Interruption Transmission of Disease
Protection of Susceptible Host
Reservoir & Controlling the Source of Infection
The chain of transmission of a disease starts from the source or reservoir.
The document provides guidance on conducting an epidemiological investigation of an epidemic, outlining the objectives, team roles and responsibilities, and steps of an investigation which include establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, constructing a case definition, systematically finding and recording information on cases, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and implementing control measures. The goal of an epidemic investigation is to understand the factors driving the outbreak in order to control spread and prevent future occurrences.
The document provides an overview of the basic steps involved in disease outbreak investigations. It describes the goals of investigating an outbreak as characterizing the public health problem, identifying preventable risk factors, providing research insights, and training health staff. Key steps include establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, defining cases, systematically finding and recording information on cases, performing descriptive epidemiology through methods like line listings and epidemic curves, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and communicating findings. Outbreak investigation requires assembling a multidisciplinary team to address the outbreak.
This document discusses surveillance in healthcare. It defines surveillance as the ongoing collection and analysis of health-related data for public health purposes. The document outlines different types of surveillance including passive, active, and sentinel surveillance. Passive surveillance relies on voluntary reporting while active surveillance stimulates more regular reporting. Sentinel surveillance monitors specific sites. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. The document also discusses important qualities of an effective surveillance system such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness.
Remote Method Invocation, Distributed Programming in java, Java Distributed Programming, Network Programming in JAVA, Core Java, Introduction to RMI, Getting Started with RMI, Getting Started with Remote Method Invocation, Distributed Programming, Java, J2SE
An outbreak investigation involves 10 steps:
1. Verify diagnoses clinically and through labs.
2. Confirm an epidemic exists by comparing to previous years.
3. Define standard case criteria.
4. Identify the at-risk population.
5. Rapidly search for all case characteristics.
6. Analyze data by time, place, and person.
7. Form hypotheses on causation, transmission.
8. Test hypotheses through analytical studies.
9. Initiate control measures like sanitation and treatment.
10. Write a report with findings and recommendations.
The document discusses malaria, including its causes, signs and symptoms, types of malaria parasites, epidemiological aspects, and life cycle in humans and mosquito vectors. It covers topics like the parasite's development in red blood cells, types of malaria parasites found in India, their geographical distributions, the parasite's life cycle between humans and mosquitoes, and factors affecting transmission like human, parasite, vector, and environmental dynamics. The document is a presentation on malaria intended to cover all important subject areas related to the disease.
The document summarizes a presentation on how racial stratification and gender inequality are "moving targets" over time. It discusses the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North from 1910-1970 as they sought freedom and opportunity. It then explains how de jure segregation laws enforced racial segregation after the Civil War. Next, it outlines some of the technological, economic, and social changes that led to racial and gender inequality in the workplace. The presentation concludes by discussing affirmative action and how its goals and legal status have evolved over time.
El documento presenta breves historias navideñas de varias personas como Paula, Alejandra, Yasmina, Marta y Nuria. Describe escenas como los niños viendo la ciudad de Papá Noel y una familia jugando con muñecos de nieve el día de Reyes en casa de Paula.
This document contains product codes and descriptions for items in Lathbridge's Spring/Summer 2016 women's and accessories collections. There are multiple styles of women's shoes listed, including tasselled moccasins, camo sneakers, floral slip-ons and sneakers, mirrored and floral gladiators, patchwork slides and boots, and loafers. The accessories section lists bags, wallets, and camera bags in patchwork, disco ball, and floral prints. Contact information is provided at the end for Lathbridge's publicity, sales, and customer service representatives.
This document discusses the reach and impact of the internet in our lives and society. It notes how internet usage has become ubiquitous, with politicians and world leaders also utilizing the internet and social media. The document then provides definitions and explanations of common internet terminology like websites, URLs, emails, servers, web browsers, blogs, domains, protocols, and newsgroups. It discusses how the web is written using HTML and provides examples of different types of each term.
There are learning to sit in my mind for a long time. I read his book 20 years ago and frequently quoted in the lecture. In Korea, his book published, but even the author's name was wrong. I hardly find his history and finally found one picture in a Japanese site where he worked. His message clearly resonate in my mind. Murazawa Shigeru. He passed over in 2011.
Este documento presenta información sobre diferentes sistemas constructivos como los sistemas aporticados, de muros portantes y duales. También describe los pasos para la construcción de losas y columnas, incluyendo la preparación, armado, encofrado, vaciado y curado del concreto. Define elementos como losas, columnas y encofrados, señalando la importancia de seguir los procedimientos correctos en cada etapa para garantizar la calidad y resistencia de la estructura.
Facebook currently helps people stay connected with friends around the world, but overuse of social media can lead to negative health and social effects like sedentary lifestyles and less real-time interaction. In the future, Facebook may evolve into "Futurebook" with terabytes of data on friends and a way to connect with people who may become influential later, but heavy use of social media also raises questions about commitment to real world relationships and activities versus virtual interactions online.
The document provides guidance on conducting an epidemiological investigation of an epidemic, outlining the objectives, team roles and responsibilities, and steps of an investigation which include establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, constructing a case definition, systematically finding and recording information on cases, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and implementing control measures. The goal of an epidemic investigation is to understand the factors driving the outbreak in order to control spread and prevent future occurrences.
The document provides an overview of the basic steps involved in disease outbreak investigations. It describes the goals of investigating an outbreak as characterizing the public health problem, identifying preventable risk factors, providing research insights, and training health staff. Key steps include establishing the existence of an outbreak, verifying diagnoses, defining cases, systematically finding and recording information on cases, performing descriptive epidemiology through methods like line listings and epidemic curves, developing and evaluating hypotheses, and communicating findings. Outbreak investigation requires assembling a multidisciplinary team to address the outbreak.
This document discusses surveillance in healthcare. It defines surveillance as the ongoing collection and analysis of health-related data for public health purposes. The document outlines different types of surveillance including passive, active, and sentinel surveillance. Passive surveillance relies on voluntary reporting while active surveillance stimulates more regular reporting. Sentinel surveillance monitors specific sites. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. The document also discusses important qualities of an effective surveillance system such as simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value, representativeness, and timeliness.
Remote Method Invocation, Distributed Programming in java, Java Distributed Programming, Network Programming in JAVA, Core Java, Introduction to RMI, Getting Started with RMI, Getting Started with Remote Method Invocation, Distributed Programming, Java, J2SE
An outbreak investigation involves 10 steps:
1. Verify diagnoses clinically and through labs.
2. Confirm an epidemic exists by comparing to previous years.
3. Define standard case criteria.
4. Identify the at-risk population.
5. Rapidly search for all case characteristics.
6. Analyze data by time, place, and person.
7. Form hypotheses on causation, transmission.
8. Test hypotheses through analytical studies.
9. Initiate control measures like sanitation and treatment.
10. Write a report with findings and recommendations.
The document discusses malaria, including its causes, signs and symptoms, types of malaria parasites, epidemiological aspects, and life cycle in humans and mosquito vectors. It covers topics like the parasite's development in red blood cells, types of malaria parasites found in India, their geographical distributions, the parasite's life cycle between humans and mosquitoes, and factors affecting transmission like human, parasite, vector, and environmental dynamics. The document is a presentation on malaria intended to cover all important subject areas related to the disease.
The document summarizes a presentation on how racial stratification and gender inequality are "moving targets" over time. It discusses the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North from 1910-1970 as they sought freedom and opportunity. It then explains how de jure segregation laws enforced racial segregation after the Civil War. Next, it outlines some of the technological, economic, and social changes that led to racial and gender inequality in the workplace. The presentation concludes by discussing affirmative action and how its goals and legal status have evolved over time.
El documento presenta breves historias navideñas de varias personas como Paula, Alejandra, Yasmina, Marta y Nuria. Describe escenas como los niños viendo la ciudad de Papá Noel y una familia jugando con muñecos de nieve el día de Reyes en casa de Paula.
This document contains product codes and descriptions for items in Lathbridge's Spring/Summer 2016 women's and accessories collections. There are multiple styles of women's shoes listed, including tasselled moccasins, camo sneakers, floral slip-ons and sneakers, mirrored and floral gladiators, patchwork slides and boots, and loafers. The accessories section lists bags, wallets, and camera bags in patchwork, disco ball, and floral prints. Contact information is provided at the end for Lathbridge's publicity, sales, and customer service representatives.
This document discusses the reach and impact of the internet in our lives and society. It notes how internet usage has become ubiquitous, with politicians and world leaders also utilizing the internet and social media. The document then provides definitions and explanations of common internet terminology like websites, URLs, emails, servers, web browsers, blogs, domains, protocols, and newsgroups. It discusses how the web is written using HTML and provides examples of different types of each term.
There are learning to sit in my mind for a long time. I read his book 20 years ago and frequently quoted in the lecture. In Korea, his book published, but even the author's name was wrong. I hardly find his history and finally found one picture in a Japanese site where he worked. His message clearly resonate in my mind. Murazawa Shigeru. He passed over in 2011.
Este documento presenta información sobre diferentes sistemas constructivos como los sistemas aporticados, de muros portantes y duales. También describe los pasos para la construcción de losas y columnas, incluyendo la preparación, armado, encofrado, vaciado y curado del concreto. Define elementos como losas, columnas y encofrados, señalando la importancia de seguir los procedimientos correctos en cada etapa para garantizar la calidad y resistencia de la estructura.
Facebook currently helps people stay connected with friends around the world, but overuse of social media can lead to negative health and social effects like sedentary lifestyles and less real-time interaction. In the future, Facebook may evolve into "Futurebook" with terabytes of data on friends and a way to connect with people who may become influential later, but heavy use of social media also raises questions about commitment to real world relationships and activities versus virtual interactions online.
1. Wax ka baro xanuunka Joonis Cadka
Todobadkan waxa aynu ku qaadaa dhigaynaa waxna uga baran doona xanuunka joonis cadka ee
loo yooqano afka qalaad Hepatitis B waxaynu u diyaarinay mawduucan hab ah su’aalo iyo
jawaabo balaadhan si aad wax badan uga ogaataan xanuunkan oo ah Dhibe qarsoon oo
wakhtiyadan dambe bulshadeena faro baas ku haya ,sababayna dhimasho.
Hordhac
Xanuunka Hepatitis B waxa ay soomaalidu u taqaan joonis cad ama cagaarshaw waa nooc ka
mid ah 5 ta nooc ee ugu caansan xannuunada ku dhaca beerka ee loo yaqaano joniska waxana
daah furay sannad-kii 1965 saynis-yahan la odhan jirey Baruch Blumberg oo ka tirsana
machadka National Institutes of Health. Jooniskani waxa sababa nooca jeermiska ee loo
yaqaano hepadna virus waana (double-stranded DNA genome ) ama laba gale hidda sidihiisu
yahay DNA cabirkiisa waxa lagu qiyaasa 42-nm .
Waxa uu yeesha joonis cadku ilaa sideed nooc oo hidde sidayaal (genotypes) loo yaqaano ama
lagu calaamadsado A-H HBV.
2. caabuqu xanuunkani waxa uu qofku hayaa mudo 6 bilood ka badan sidoo kale waxa uu yeelan
karaa mid waqti gaban ku jira jidhkiisa oo saf mar ah (ACUTE) ama mid waqti dheer laga heli
karo jidhkiisa (CHRONIC) sidoo kale wuxuu noqon karaa mid saamayn xun ku yeesha beerka
(fulminant ) sababina kara inuu noqdo beerku mid dhintay ugu dambayna isku bedela cancer ku
dhaca beerka.
Qiyaas Intee Leeg Buu Xanuunku Saameeyey Dunida Imisaa Se Sanadkii U Dhinta ?
Sida ay sheegayso warbixinaha sanadlaha ah ee ay soo saarto haayada caafimadka adduunka ee
WHO waxa lagu qiyaasa dadka qaba caabuqa xanuunka jooniska noociisa loo yaqaano B ee
saameya beerka aadamaha inay gaadhaan 240 milyan oo qof oo ku kala nool daafaha dunida.
Sidoo kale Sanad kasta waxa u dhinta dad ka badan 780.000 oo qof cabuqa beerka kasoo
gaadha ee xanuunka joonis cadka iyago u dhinta beerka oo ka yaraada intii lagu yaqaanay ee
caadiga ahayd ama uu haleelo cancerka beerka ku dhacaa ee uu sababo xanuunkani .
Wadamada uu waxyeelada badan ku hayo xnuunkani waxa ka mid ah wadamada ka hooseeya
saharaha Afica taas oo 5----10% ay qabaan dadka qaangaadhka ahi sida ay sheegtay haayada
cafimaadka adduunku.
Sidee Ayuu Ku Gudbaa Xanuunkani
Jeermis sidaha joonis cadku waxa uu ugu kala gudbaa bulshada marka dheecanka ama dhiiga qof
qaba xanuunka joonis cadku uu soo gaadho dheecanka qofka cafimaadka qaba ,
3. jeermis sidaha dhaliya xanuunkani waxa uu muddo todoba cisho ah ku noolaan karaa beerka
aadamaha halkaasi oo uu ku bato kuna tarmo kadibna sababo xanuunka.
Sidoo kale xanuunkani waxa gudbin karta hooyada uurka leh ee qabta xanuunka marka ay ku
jirto wakhtiga dhalmada , geesta kale iyana waxa jira siyaabo kale oo la tilmaamo inuu ku gudbo
xanuunku se aan weli la xaqiijin.
Xanuunkani waxa uu kaga soo if baxaa ama kaga muuqda qofka uu haleelo muddo dhan 75
cisho ,celcelis ahaana waxa uu qofka kaga muuqan karaa ama lagu arki karaa mudo dhan 30 ilaa
180 cisho
Astaamaha Lagu Garto Xanuunka
Indhaha iyo maqaarka sarre ee jidhka
oo isku bedela midab hurdi ah loona yaqaano Jaundice oo ah halka xanuunku magaca ka soo
qaatay
Kaadi madaw
daal badan
matag yalaalugu
iyo moxoga oo xanuuna
waxa is weydiin leh yaa halis ugu jira inuu haleelo xanuunkani
carrurta da’doodu ka yar tahay lixda sano
dadka difaacoodu hooseyo ama qaba xanuunada hoos u dhiga difaca jidhka
qaadashada dawooyinka qaar kuwaas oo waxyeelo soo gaadhsiiya beerka
qof kasta oo sameeya galmo aan sharci ahayn cafimadkeedana aan la hubin
4. Sidee Loo Baadha Xanuunka Joonis Cadka ?
Si loo ogaado qofka uu haleelo xanuunkani waxa
uu dhakhtarku la yeesha wareysiyo iyo eegida muqaalka jidhkiisa isagoo baadhis iyo taabashaba
ku samaynaya ka dib si uu u xaqiijiyo doctor nooca xanuunka waxa uu adeegsada shaybaadho
ama Screening Test waxaana la baadha dhiiga qofka iyadoo la baadho HBsAg. Iyo baadhis
lagu sameeyo (Immunoglobulin’s) qofka looga shakiyo xanuunkan waxana soo baxda natiijada
Xanuunka Joonis Cadka
Sidee Loo Daweeya Xanuunkan ?
inta la ogsoon yahay xanuunkan weli looma
helin dawooyin sax ah oo lagu daweeyo se waxa loo isticmaala talaalo ka hortaga oo la
hirgeliyey sanadii 1982 iyo dawooyin taageerayaal ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Alpha Interferon iyo
kuwa la dagaalama Virus yada sida Zidovodine iyo Limovodine dhamaan dawooyinkani waa
kabayaal se maaha xanuun daweeyayaal caabuqa joonis cadka ah ,hadaba waxa muhiim ah si
loo faafiyo loogana hortago dhibta caafimaad darro ee xanuunkani sababi karo haddii uu
bulshada dhexdeeda ku faafo in bulshadu ku baraarugsanaato oo ay garato siyaabaha uu u faafo
xanuunku ka dibna laga dhawrsoonado iyadoo siyabaha uu ku gudbi karo xanuunka waxa ka mid
yihiin :-
5. dhiiga amaba dareeraha jidka qofka qaba hadduu kusoo gaadho isago kugu soo gaadhi kara
hababkan ay ka mid ka yihiin :-
1- Haddi wax fiiqan oo dhiig qaadi kara uu muday qofkii bukay adna ku mudo.
2- Haddii lagugu shubo dhiig qof qaba.
3- Galmo, haddiiba gabadha amaba ninku midkood qabo ka kalana waa qaadaya.
4- Hooyo way u gud binaysaa ilmaheeda xiliga uurka.
Hadaba marka aynu isla garano siyaabaha uu ku gudbayo inagoo ku jirna weli sidii looga
gashaman lahaa ama looga hortagi lahaa xanuunkan waa inaynu yeelanaa qorshe cad oo dawlad
ahaan aynu leenahay inagoo raacayna xeerarka calamiga ah ee ka hortaga xanuunkan
Si aynu u yareyno faafida xanuunkan waa inaynu helnaa :-
1. Waa in la sameyo wacyigelin balaadhan oo ku saabsan xanuunka waxa uu yahay
,dhibaatadiisa iyo sida looga gashaman karo
2. Waa in Dadka lagula taliyo laguna dhiiri galiyo in ay iska baadhaan gaar ahaan
• Xiliga guurka. • Xiliga hooyadu uurka leedahay.
3. sidoo kale bulshada noocyadeeda kala duwan loogu baaqo faaidada talalka iyo ka hor taga
xanuunka
4.Waa in qof kasta ka digtoonada isku tag aan sharciga ahayn sida galmada xaaraanta ah iyo in
lagu shubo dhiig aan la baadhin noocuu doono ha ahaade
Marka aynu intaas isla garano ogaanana waxa xanuunku yahay sida loo kala qaado ama looga
hortagaba aynu isla eegno ma jiraa wax tirakoob sax ah oo Somaliland laga sameeyey heerka uu
marayo xanuunkani bal aynu eegno xogtan yare ee Dr. Zeynep Muuse Jama ka samaysay dhiig
bixiyayaashii lagu baadhay qaar ka mid ah casimadaha gobolada dalka Somaliland
Somaliland
6. Inkasto aan tirakoob sax ah ama xog dhab ah aan laga hayn Somaliland ayaa hadana haddii aad
tahay hawl wadeen caafimaad joogana Hospital waxad dareemi kartaa in dad badan xanuunkani
uu hayo, taaso ah ta nagu kaliftay inaanu raadino meel aanu xog saxa ka heli karno
Xogta keliya ee suuro gal noqotay inaanu helno heerka xanuunka ee dalkeena waxay noqotay
WHO blood safety monthly report 2013 ee cusbitalada guud ee Somaliland .
War bixintaa oo u qornayd bil bil ayaan isku geeyay gobal kastaa sanadkaa intii qof ee la badhay
guud ahaan iyo intii laga helay xanuunka, dadka la baadhay waxay wada ahaayeen dhamaan rag
maadama inta u badan bulshada Somaliland cida dhiig bixisaa tahay Rag da’doodu waxay u
dhaxaysay 18-65
Sawirkan helayna waxaa uu noqday kan hoos ku xusan iyada aan 100% la isku halayn Karin in
ay sax tahay xog ururintani lakiin waxay iftimin kartaa dadkii dhiiga shuubayay ee la baadhay
guud ahaan tiradooda iyo inta xanuunka laga helay sanadkii 2013 somaliland cusbitalada Guud :-
Hargeisa waxaa la baadhay 2416 qof waxaan xanuunka laga helay 75 qof taas oo haddii
la raaco noqonaysaa 100 qof ee la badhayba 3.1% ayaa qabay xanuunka.
Berbera waxa la baadhay 392 waxana laga helay xanuunka 13 taas oo ah micnaheedu 100
qofba 3.3% ayaa laga helay xanuunka dadkii la baadhay .
oo ah magalada ugu badan dadka xanuunka laga helay intii dad la baadhay ayayBurco
aba laga helayy 2391 , waxa positive noqday amla baadhawaxaguud ahaanduahayd tira
ayaa xanuunka qabay.6%ee la baadhay baqof100ay tahaytaas oo macnaheedu145
Borama waxa la baadhay 768 qof waxaa laga helay xanuunka 45 qof , dadkii la badhay
100 qof ba waxa xanuunaka qabay 5.8% .
Ceerigaabo waxa la baadhay 333 waxana laga helay 10 qof , oo ah 100 qof ee la
baadhayba 3% baa qaba .
Laascood oo ah magalaada dadka la baadhay ugu yar yihiin 74 qof oo kaliya sanadkaa
ayaa dadka laga helay ahaayeen 4 qof . taas oo u dhiganta 5.4% ay qabaan xanuunka
dadkii la baadhay.
Sidii aan hore u soo tilmaamay inkasta oo anay sawir saxa ah warbixintani ka siinayn heerka
magalo kasta uu gaadhsiisan yahay xanuunku hadana waxay ku horseedaysaa inaad is waydiiso
su’aalo badan oo ta ugu mihiimsani tahay :
7. 1- haddiiba u maarayo xanuunka heerka dadkii muqaal ahaan u muuqday in ay yihiin dad
cafimaad qaba, talow tiro intee leeg ayaa xanuunku haya iyago wax calaamada ah lahayn.?
2- Sida ay ina tusayso xog ururintani Burco ayaa ah magalada uu ugu badan yahay xanuunkan
dadka qaba ee la badhay markay dhiiga shubayeen taas micnaheedu ma waxa weeyaan in dadka
xanuunku hayaa ay burco ugu badan tahay?
3- Haddi ay tahay jawaabtu haa waa maxay sababta burco ay ugu badan tahay xanuunkani ?
Fiiro Gaar ah : Tirakoobkani waa mid laga sameeyey dadyowga dhiig bixiyayaasha ah ee ay
baadhista dhiig bixinta ka horeysa ay u sameyen bangiyada dhiiga ee dalka intii laga helay
xanuunka joonis cadka
Diyaarintii Dr. Mohamed Shucayb Ahmed
Tixraac
WHO hepatitis B guidline safety
Kumar and Clark internal medicine
Davidson
Iyo qoraalka u muhiimsan warbixintan ee ay diyaarisay Dr Zeynep Musse Jama