The document summarizes the wayfinding design that Bill Cannan & Company created for King Abdul-Aziz International Airport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 1978. They designed graphic elements for two terminals - the Main Terminal and the Hajj Terminal, which processes millions of pilgrims annually. The designs drew inspiration from Arabic architecture, calligraphy, and culture. Pictograms were a major part of the system to aid the large number of international travelers. The final designs included symbols, typography, overhead and pylon signs, tree clusters, road signs, tiles, and movable floor signs to provide clear wayfinding for passengers.

1. 9/5/16 12:43 PMjeddah
Page 1 of 3file:///Users/mimac/Desktop/jeddah.webarchive
J E D D A H I N T E R N A T I O N A L A I R P O R T , S A U D I A R A B I A
Retained in 1978 by the architectural firm of Skidmore,
Owings and Merrill (SOM) to design and develop all
way-finding elements and their application to 2
separate airport terminals at King Abdul-Aziz
International Airport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
The Main Terminal handled all commercial air traffic to
Jeddah, the gateway to Mecca.
A second terminal, the open-air Hajj Terminal was built
specifically to handle all traffic for Hajji pilgrims making
their 6 day journey to Mecca. In total, this facility
processes 3 to 4 million passengers once a year. The
varied nature of this worldwide group (over 150
countries) led to the use of pictograms as a major
communicator rather than a reliance on text only.The Main Terminal with tree sculpture. The Hajj Terminal with pictograms.
THE NAME MIRROREDELONGATED
The Arabic Influence
Approach to Main Terminal. Tent structure providing shade.Passport control. Hajj Terminal overview. Hajjis with carry-on luggage.
The Symbol The Final Design
It is a common practice to use calligraphy as
a decorative element in Islamic architecture.
The symbol is based on the Kufic script because of it’s geometric nature.
Here it used to spell out the name JEDDAH, and distorted to indicate
motion. A mirror image then creates the unique airport symbol.
The symbol is then combined with
the color of the national flag of
Saudi Arabia.
The Arabic Influence The Typography The Final Design
The Kufic style alphabet was chosen for it’s
san-serif character and simplicity.
A new arabic font was developed
from the Kufic to meet the bi-lingual
needs of the airport signage.
The fonts (arabic reads right to left) had
to be compatible to insure the visual
clarity required for all airport signage.
Working from the same geometric
grid, a new san-serif alphabet was
developed for use with the Kufic.
The Arabic Influence The Overhead Signs The Final Design
The design of all graphic elements were keyed to
items common to Saudi Arabia and it’s culture.
These influences were a departure point for all
design development.
BILL CANNAN & COMPANY DESIGN CONSULTANTS

2. 9/5/16 12:43 PMjeddah
Page 2 of 3file:///Users/mimac/Desktop/jeddah.webarchive
Typical Arabic jewelry is of an articulated
nature and influenced a systems approach to
combining multiple sign elements.
A economics of a low-tech-
product (non-illuminated) led
to integral foam components.
The articulated sign elements provided
the format for all bilingual, directional
and pictorial information components.
Rectangular text panels (Arabic & English)
contained dimensional cut-out letter forms
bonded to self skinning foam panels.
The Arabic Influence The Pylon Signs The Final Design
See-thru screens are a common element in
Arabic architecture and prompted a design
direction for free-standing information pylons.
Pictogram and directional units
interconnect to bilingual text
panels to provide information.
A number of free standing
information pylons are
placed at strategic points
in the Main Terminal,
combining flight, directory
and services information.
International pictograms
were supplemented with
additional icons common
to the Hajj experience.
The Arabic Influence The Tree Cluster The Final Design
A sculptural element was designed to identify
meeting areas and escalator locations in the
Main Terminal. Palm trees triggered an idea.
A cluster of 28 interconnected
overhead cubes representing an
abstraction of palm trees.
These structures were used
to help define specific areas
of the Main Terminal.
Plan view of a four
tree cluster, seven
cubes each.
The Arabic Influence The Road Signs The Final Design
Arabic architectural details led to a number of
design directions including the melding of this
arch into a directional arrow.
The geometry of the
arch is interpreted into
the point of the arrow
All road signs are bi-lingual leading to the two options shown
above. Color coding is used to define each language.
Smaller roadside signs combined the two languages.
A typical airport road
side sign combining
symbol and directional.
A linear version of the
graphic used on all
facets of the cubes.
Other Applications

3. 9/5/16 12:43 PMjeddah
Page 3 of 3file:///Users/mimac/Desktop/jeddah.webarchive
The Airport symbol
was to be used in a
variety of ways
including dimensional
wall tiles in public
areas and in a repeat
pattern for print
applications.
A series of movable
floor signs were
developed to adjust to
changing needs and
control of traffic flow.
The embossed 12” x 12”
ceramic tile.
Design: Wyman & Cannan - Bill Cannan - Lance Wyman - Kurt Heinz - Farid Iskander - Brian Flahive - Frank Rispoli - Jose Luis Ortiz Tellez - Masahiro Ogyu
Client: Skidmore Owings & Merrill - Gordon Bunshaft - Tony Thompson - John Winkler - Kim Goluska
contact: Bill Cannan / bcnco@optonline.net