The ballad describes the life of Genghis Khan, the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. It details his early life, escape from captors, rise to power as a leader who united Mongolia, and conquests that expanded the empire across Eurasia through skilled horseback riding and archery. Though the Mongols were seen as barbaric and ruthless, the ballad notes they also protected trade routes and tolerated religions, helping ideas spread and lands improve under their rule.