Do Yourself a Favor…
Learn HOW to Publish A Research
Paper
(50% off Coupon)
https://www.udemy.com/scientific-research-paper/?couponCode=UNCEDU
Take an opportunity to “Learn to Publish A Research
Paper”. Add value to research skills and knowledge today!
I’m excited to help you add value to your capabilities by
adding skills and knowledge our course provides in your as
you move up your ladder. Upon successful completion of
our course, more and more people realize just how capable
they really are. This course is meant for beginners that are
not familiar with Research Journals and/or students
looking for a quick refresher on how to publish a research
paper. No prior knowledge is needed.
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. outline a complete research paper
2. choose an appropriate journal to which you'll submit
the finished paper for publication
3. prepare a checklist that will allow you to
independently judge whether your paper is ready to
submit.
If an audio or video stops, simply restart your browser.
This rarely occurs, but restarted often works.
The Significance of Journal Articles in PhD Research.Intern Valley
Journal articles play a pivotal role in the PhD research journey for several reasons. Firstly, they provide a formal platform for showcasing original research findings to a global audience of scholars, peers, and potential collaborators. This exposure not only enhances the researcher's reputation but also fosters opportunities for further exploration and collaboration.
Hi! We created special for you this professional PhD research proposal template to show you how it need to look like, if you need to get more details about how to write your PhD research proposal you can visit site https://www.phdresearchproposal.org/how-to-write-a-phd-research-proposal/
Research proposal for ph d application biotechnology background literature wr...Pubrica
Preparing a concrete research proposal is an integral step of the PhD application process in Biotechnology. A well-structured research proposal highlights the significance of the study, defines the research problem, outlines the methodologies, and discusses the implications of the possible outcomes.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/2WYH4WO
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/research-proposal/
Why pubrica?
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-74248 10299
The ultimate goal of scientific research is publication so as to showcase the research outcomes. Scientists, starting as graduate students, are measured primarily not by their dexterity in laboratory manipulations, not by their innate knowledge of either broad or narrow scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured, and become known by their publications. A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published. In fact, the cornerstone of the philosophy of science is based on the fundamental assumption that original research must be published; only thus can new scientific knowledge be authenticated and then added to the existing databases. In this paper, a practitioners approach to write an effective paper is presented in a chronological order. Further, writing style of effective research paper, a review technique to conduct a methodical survey in a systematic manner and finally an effective research plan for forthcoming research scholars is discussed. This research work provides an effective direction to write, submit and publish the effort put into doing research into a published form.
chapter 2 What Exactly Is a DissertationAny successful mountainEstelaJeffery653
chapter 2 What Exactly Is a Dissertation?
Any successful mountain climb, whether actual or metaphorical, requires knowledge of the terrain and the environment. The more knowledge, the better the chance of success. No mountaineer would begin a major ascent without a solid understanding of the unique nature of the mountain, its challenges, characteristics, and vagaries. So, too, must a dissertation writer fully understand the nature of the doctoral dissertation. This chapter describes the essence of the dissertation—its component parts, major steps in the dissertation process, and the roles and responsibilities of those involved.
What Is a Doctoral Dissertation?
A doctoral dissertation is a formal document that demonstrates your ability to conduct research that makes an original contribution to theory or practice. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree (e.g., an EdD, DBA, PhD, PsyD, etc.). The term original, according to the Council of Graduate Schools (1991), “implies some novel twist, fresh perspective, new hypothesis, or innovative method that makes the dissertation project a distinctive contribution” (p. 15).
Several types of doctoral degrees exist, such as a DBA, DPA, EdD, PhD, PsyD, and so on. Historically, the PhD was seen as having a greater emphasis on research, whereas various other doctoral degrees were viewed as professional degrees. In recent years, depending on the university and the field of study, these distinctions have become somewhat blurred. The contemporary doctorate in the United States and internationally is structured as education that includes rigorous research experiences in the form of a dissertation that requires students to “generate new knowledge and to develop as individuals who use the power of scholarly inquiry to advance society” (Council of Graduate Schools, 2016, p. 20). It should also be noted that there are doctorate degrees (e.g., JD and MD) that don’t require research in the form of a dissertation.
Increased globalization, proliferation of technology, big data, and the need to be agile in a rapidly changing world has given rise to new conversations about the nature, design, and products of the doctorate degree. There are a number of interested groups studying and debating how the doctorate degree should evolve in the coming years. These discussions are likely to result in a combination of new and current features of a doctorate degree, including research that connects scholarship to a greater sense of purpose within a larger context.
The dissertation document may vary in format, depending on the type of study, but essentially, all researchers define a problem with researchable questions, conduct an exhaustive review of the literature, choose an appropriate methodology, collect and analyze data, and present the findings and conclusions.
The length of dissertations can also vary. No set number of pages is required. It helps to follow the rule of thumb illustrated by this apocr ...
Do Yourself a Favor…
Learn HOW to Publish A Research
Paper
(50% off Coupon)
https://www.udemy.com/scientific-research-paper/?couponCode=UNCEDU
Take an opportunity to “Learn to Publish A Research
Paper”. Add value to research skills and knowledge today!
I’m excited to help you add value to your capabilities by
adding skills and knowledge our course provides in your as
you move up your ladder. Upon successful completion of
our course, more and more people realize just how capable
they really are. This course is meant for beginners that are
not familiar with Research Journals and/or students
looking for a quick refresher on how to publish a research
paper. No prior knowledge is needed.
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. outline a complete research paper
2. choose an appropriate journal to which you'll submit
the finished paper for publication
3. prepare a checklist that will allow you to
independently judge whether your paper is ready to
submit.
If an audio or video stops, simply restart your browser.
This rarely occurs, but restarted often works.
The Significance of Journal Articles in PhD Research.Intern Valley
Journal articles play a pivotal role in the PhD research journey for several reasons. Firstly, they provide a formal platform for showcasing original research findings to a global audience of scholars, peers, and potential collaborators. This exposure not only enhances the researcher's reputation but also fosters opportunities for further exploration and collaboration.
Hi! We created special for you this professional PhD research proposal template to show you how it need to look like, if you need to get more details about how to write your PhD research proposal you can visit site https://www.phdresearchproposal.org/how-to-write-a-phd-research-proposal/
Research proposal for ph d application biotechnology background literature wr...Pubrica
Preparing a concrete research proposal is an integral step of the PhD application process in Biotechnology. A well-structured research proposal highlights the significance of the study, defines the research problem, outlines the methodologies, and discusses the implications of the possible outcomes.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/2WYH4WO
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/research-proposal/
Why pubrica?
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-74248 10299
The ultimate goal of scientific research is publication so as to showcase the research outcomes. Scientists, starting as graduate students, are measured primarily not by their dexterity in laboratory manipulations, not by their innate knowledge of either broad or narrow scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured, and become known by their publications. A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published. In fact, the cornerstone of the philosophy of science is based on the fundamental assumption that original research must be published; only thus can new scientific knowledge be authenticated and then added to the existing databases. In this paper, a practitioners approach to write an effective paper is presented in a chronological order. Further, writing style of effective research paper, a review technique to conduct a methodical survey in a systematic manner and finally an effective research plan for forthcoming research scholars is discussed. This research work provides an effective direction to write, submit and publish the effort put into doing research into a published form.
chapter 2 What Exactly Is a DissertationAny successful mountainEstelaJeffery653
chapter 2 What Exactly Is a Dissertation?
Any successful mountain climb, whether actual or metaphorical, requires knowledge of the terrain and the environment. The more knowledge, the better the chance of success. No mountaineer would begin a major ascent without a solid understanding of the unique nature of the mountain, its challenges, characteristics, and vagaries. So, too, must a dissertation writer fully understand the nature of the doctoral dissertation. This chapter describes the essence of the dissertation—its component parts, major steps in the dissertation process, and the roles and responsibilities of those involved.
What Is a Doctoral Dissertation?
A doctoral dissertation is a formal document that demonstrates your ability to conduct research that makes an original contribution to theory or practice. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree (e.g., an EdD, DBA, PhD, PsyD, etc.). The term original, according to the Council of Graduate Schools (1991), “implies some novel twist, fresh perspective, new hypothesis, or innovative method that makes the dissertation project a distinctive contribution” (p. 15).
Several types of doctoral degrees exist, such as a DBA, DPA, EdD, PhD, PsyD, and so on. Historically, the PhD was seen as having a greater emphasis on research, whereas various other doctoral degrees were viewed as professional degrees. In recent years, depending on the university and the field of study, these distinctions have become somewhat blurred. The contemporary doctorate in the United States and internationally is structured as education that includes rigorous research experiences in the form of a dissertation that requires students to “generate new knowledge and to develop as individuals who use the power of scholarly inquiry to advance society” (Council of Graduate Schools, 2016, p. 20). It should also be noted that there are doctorate degrees (e.g., JD and MD) that don’t require research in the form of a dissertation.
Increased globalization, proliferation of technology, big data, and the need to be agile in a rapidly changing world has given rise to new conversations about the nature, design, and products of the doctorate degree. There are a number of interested groups studying and debating how the doctorate degree should evolve in the coming years. These discussions are likely to result in a combination of new and current features of a doctorate degree, including research that connects scholarship to a greater sense of purpose within a larger context.
The dissertation document may vary in format, depending on the type of study, but essentially, all researchers define a problem with researchable questions, conduct an exhaustive review of the literature, choose an appropriate methodology, collect and analyze data, and present the findings and conclusions.
The length of dissertations can also vary. No set number of pages is required. It helps to follow the rule of thumb illustrated by this apocr ...
ThesisProject GuidelinesThe student who plans to graduate in GrazynaBroyles24
Thesis/Project Guidelines
The student who plans to graduate in the Spring semester, should begin thinking about the Master’s Project topic as early as possible, but no later than in early Fall of the preceding year. The guidelines below provide basic information on writing a Master’s Project paper. The Chair of the student’s Master’s Committee may have different expectations than the ones spelled out below. The student is responsible for finding out the expectations of his/her Chair at the outset.
Students who wish to write a Master’s Thesis should obtain the specific format guidelines for writing a thesis from the University’s Thesis office. That said, the content and structure of a Master’s Thesis is substantially the same as a Project, so the information below is relevant for writing Master’s Theses as well.
I. Forming the Master’s Committee
The Master’s Committee consists of the Chair and two additional faculty members. The student is responsible for approaching faculty members to form the Master’s Committee, starting with contacting the Chair of the Committee.
It is strongly advisable that the Chair be a faculty member whose course directly pertains to the Master’s project topic and whose course the student has successfully completed. In addition, it would be helpful if the student has taken a 6000-level course with one or both of the committee members and/or they are instructors of fields that closely relate to the Project topic. This committee composition would best support the successful completion of the Project, since the student will then have strong foundation in the relevant field(s) and will be prepared to do research on the specific topic. If the Project topic does not fall in the subjects studied in one of the courses taken by the student, then the student will have to first become proficient in the general field that pertains to the specific topic and then review the narrow literature on the specific question. As a result, this latter approach is more time consuming and difficult to undertake. By the same token, a faculty member may be reluctant to chair such a Master’s Project.
II. Basic Features of a Master’s Project
The Master’s Project is a research paper that is more substantial than a term paper for a 6000- level course. Depending on the topic and methodology, it can range from 25 pages to 75 pages, exclusive of any tables or figures and the list of references. Projects that entail extension of a mathematical model will tend to be shorter than those that rely on applied econometrics or descriptive statistical analysis, or the Projects that rely on interpretive methodologies (for example, history of thought in any field).
The Master’s Project goes beyond a literature review on the narrow topic in a field. It will have to build upon and extend the relevant literature in the field. The relevant literature is likely to be covered in one or more of the 6000-level courses in the Master’s program. The project
should d ...
If I make any mistake, please forgive. I just collect information from different resource and online courses. Combine it together and make a checklist.
How to write a Scientific Manuscript – Pubrica.pptxPubrica
Writing a scientific manuscript is difficult for even the brightest minds, but it is highly satisfying once the project is completed. Researchers meticulously create manuscripts to share their original ideas and fresh discoveries with the scientific community and the general public.
Learn More : https://bit.ly/3ioFNT1
Reference: https://pubrica.com/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
How to Structure your research article - Pubrica Pubrica
The correct format of the research article is crucial to good scientific writing. The sequence of Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion is the essential structure of a typical research report.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/2XM9YNA
Why Pubrica?
When you order our services, Plagiarism free|on Time|outstanding customer support|Unlimited Revisions support|High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44 1618186353
How to write a Scientific Manuscript – Pubrica.pdfPubrica
Writing a scientific manuscript is difficult for even the brightest minds, but it is highly satisfying once the project is completed. Researchers meticulously create manuscripts to share their original ideas and fresh discoveries with the scientific community and the general public.
Learn More : https://bit.ly/3ioFNT1
Reference: https://pubrica.com/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Pubrica’s team of researchers and authors develop Scientific and medical research papers that can act as an indispensable tools to the practitioner/authors. Pubrica medical writers help you to write and edit the introduction by introducing the reader to the shortcomings or empty spaces in the identified research field. Our experts know the structure that follows the broad topic, the problem, and the background and advance to a narrow topic to state the hypothesis.
To Know More About them
https://pubrica.com/academy/original-research-article/what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-paper-and-a-review-paper/
Directions for 500Level Research Paper School of Securi.docxmariona83
Directions for 500Level Research Paper
School of Security and Global Studies
Preparing the next generation of security professionals through curriculum and teaching excellence.
At this level, you are learning the core concepts of the discipline and you will produce a
graduate level paper that presents a research “puzzle” relevant to the subject matter of this
class. The paper will be 10-15 pages in length.
The requirements for this project will mirror the requirements for all graduate papers. The
paper will be typed in 12 pt. Times New Roman, Calibri, or other standard font, with margins of
1” all around. It will be double-spaced except where the format calls for single spacing, for
example, block quotations and the list of complete citations. Citations will conform to the
Turabian format whether you choose to use the Parenthetical/References style or the more
traditional Foot- or end-notes/Bibliography style. To recap the Format of the Paper:
• Title Page of the Paper. The title of your paper should be brief but should adequately
inform the reader of your general topic and the specific focus of your research. Keywords
relating to parameters, population, and other specifics are useful. ALWAYS use a Title Page for
graduate work! Your title page will include the title, name, course name and number, and
Professor’s Name.
I. Introduction, Research Question, and Hypothesis (1-2 pages): This section shall
provide an overview of the topic that you are writing about, a concise synopsis of the issues,
and why the topic presents a “puzzle” that prompts your research questions, which you will
include. This section can be preceded by an epigraph that creates interest in the topic. We
encourage the use of epigraphs, but please follow the proper format for epigraphs!!
II. Review of the Literature (3-5 pages): All research projects include a literature review to
set out for the reader what knowledge exists on the subject under study and helps the
researcher develop the research strategy to use in the study. A good literature review is a
thoughtful study of what has been written, a summary of the arguments that exist (whether
you agree with them or not), and are arranged thematically. The literature review is not an
annotated bibliography and should be written in coherent narrative style. At the end of the
summary, there should still be gaps in the literature that you intend to fill with your research.
Directions for 500Level Research Paper
School of Security and Global Studies
Preparing the next generation of security professionals through curriculum and teaching excellence.
III. Methodology and Research Strategy (1-2 pages): This section provides the reader with
a description of your strategy to conduct research for this paper. It identifies your variables and
how you operationalized your research approach. It describes the data you found and how you
analyzed it for .
How to write a Research Paper1. Discussion (How to write a Resea.docxpooleavelina
How to write a Research Paper
1. Discussion (How to write a Research Paper) begins during Residency 10/12 – 10/14
2. Research Paper + Assignment Paper #2 Due 10/21/2018
Research papers are intended to demonstrate a student’s academic knowledge of a subject. When studying at higher levels of school and throughout college, you will likely be asked to prepare research papers. A research paper can be used for exploring and identifying scientific, technical and social issues. If it's your first time writing a research paper, it may seem daunting, but with good organization and focus of mind, you can make the process easier on yourself. Writing a research paper involves four main stages: choosing a topic, researching your topic, making an outline, and doing the actual writing. The paper won't write itself, but by planning and preparing well, the writing practically falls into place. Also, try to avoid plagiarism.
· Abstract - An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.
· Background of the Problem - Background information identifies and describes the history and nature of a well-defined research problem with reference to the existing literature. The background information should indicate the root of the problem being studied, appropriate context of the problem in relation to theory, research, and/or practice, its scope, and the extent to which previous studies have successfully investigated the problem, noting, in particular, where gaps exist that your study attempts to address.
· Problem Statement - A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed by a problem-solving team. It is used to center and focus the team at the beginning, keep the team on track during the effort, and is used to validate that the effort delivered an outcome that solves the problem statement
· Purpose Statement - A purpose statement is a declarative sentence which summarizes the specific topic and goals of a document. It is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the document will cover and what he/she can gain from reading it. To be effective, a statement of purpose should be:
· Nature of the Study - In modern science, all findings are usually required by the research community to be backed up by sound statistical evidence. The target audience... The nature of a study in social sciences research may refer to the statistical design of the study
· Research Question - A research question is the fundamental core of a research project, study, or review of literature. It focuses the study, determines the methodology, and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis, and reporting
· Interview Questions
· Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations –
· Limitations are influences that the researcher cannot con ...
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
ThesisProject GuidelinesThe student who plans to graduate in GrazynaBroyles24
Thesis/Project Guidelines
The student who plans to graduate in the Spring semester, should begin thinking about the Master’s Project topic as early as possible, but no later than in early Fall of the preceding year. The guidelines below provide basic information on writing a Master’s Project paper. The Chair of the student’s Master’s Committee may have different expectations than the ones spelled out below. The student is responsible for finding out the expectations of his/her Chair at the outset.
Students who wish to write a Master’s Thesis should obtain the specific format guidelines for writing a thesis from the University’s Thesis office. That said, the content and structure of a Master’s Thesis is substantially the same as a Project, so the information below is relevant for writing Master’s Theses as well.
I. Forming the Master’s Committee
The Master’s Committee consists of the Chair and two additional faculty members. The student is responsible for approaching faculty members to form the Master’s Committee, starting with contacting the Chair of the Committee.
It is strongly advisable that the Chair be a faculty member whose course directly pertains to the Master’s project topic and whose course the student has successfully completed. In addition, it would be helpful if the student has taken a 6000-level course with one or both of the committee members and/or they are instructors of fields that closely relate to the Project topic. This committee composition would best support the successful completion of the Project, since the student will then have strong foundation in the relevant field(s) and will be prepared to do research on the specific topic. If the Project topic does not fall in the subjects studied in one of the courses taken by the student, then the student will have to first become proficient in the general field that pertains to the specific topic and then review the narrow literature on the specific question. As a result, this latter approach is more time consuming and difficult to undertake. By the same token, a faculty member may be reluctant to chair such a Master’s Project.
II. Basic Features of a Master’s Project
The Master’s Project is a research paper that is more substantial than a term paper for a 6000- level course. Depending on the topic and methodology, it can range from 25 pages to 75 pages, exclusive of any tables or figures and the list of references. Projects that entail extension of a mathematical model will tend to be shorter than those that rely on applied econometrics or descriptive statistical analysis, or the Projects that rely on interpretive methodologies (for example, history of thought in any field).
The Master’s Project goes beyond a literature review on the narrow topic in a field. It will have to build upon and extend the relevant literature in the field. The relevant literature is likely to be covered in one or more of the 6000-level courses in the Master’s program. The project
should d ...
If I make any mistake, please forgive. I just collect information from different resource and online courses. Combine it together and make a checklist.
How to write a Scientific Manuscript – Pubrica.pptxPubrica
Writing a scientific manuscript is difficult for even the brightest minds, but it is highly satisfying once the project is completed. Researchers meticulously create manuscripts to share their original ideas and fresh discoveries with the scientific community and the general public.
Learn More : https://bit.ly/3ioFNT1
Reference: https://pubrica.com/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
How to Structure your research article - Pubrica Pubrica
The correct format of the research article is crucial to good scientific writing. The sequence of Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion is the essential structure of a typical research report.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/2XM9YNA
Why Pubrica?
When you order our services, Plagiarism free|on Time|outstanding customer support|Unlimited Revisions support|High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44 1618186353
How to write a Scientific Manuscript – Pubrica.pdfPubrica
Writing a scientific manuscript is difficult for even the brightest minds, but it is highly satisfying once the project is completed. Researchers meticulously create manuscripts to share their original ideas and fresh discoveries with the scientific community and the general public.
Learn More : https://bit.ly/3ioFNT1
Reference: https://pubrica.com/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Pubrica’s team of researchers and authors develop Scientific and medical research papers that can act as an indispensable tools to the practitioner/authors. Pubrica medical writers help you to write and edit the introduction by introducing the reader to the shortcomings or empty spaces in the identified research field. Our experts know the structure that follows the broad topic, the problem, and the background and advance to a narrow topic to state the hypothesis.
To Know More About them
https://pubrica.com/academy/original-research-article/what-is-the-difference-between-a-research-paper-and-a-review-paper/
Directions for 500Level Research Paper School of Securi.docxmariona83
Directions for 500Level Research Paper
School of Security and Global Studies
Preparing the next generation of security professionals through curriculum and teaching excellence.
At this level, you are learning the core concepts of the discipline and you will produce a
graduate level paper that presents a research “puzzle” relevant to the subject matter of this
class. The paper will be 10-15 pages in length.
The requirements for this project will mirror the requirements for all graduate papers. The
paper will be typed in 12 pt. Times New Roman, Calibri, or other standard font, with margins of
1” all around. It will be double-spaced except where the format calls for single spacing, for
example, block quotations and the list of complete citations. Citations will conform to the
Turabian format whether you choose to use the Parenthetical/References style or the more
traditional Foot- or end-notes/Bibliography style. To recap the Format of the Paper:
• Title Page of the Paper. The title of your paper should be brief but should adequately
inform the reader of your general topic and the specific focus of your research. Keywords
relating to parameters, population, and other specifics are useful. ALWAYS use a Title Page for
graduate work! Your title page will include the title, name, course name and number, and
Professor’s Name.
I. Introduction, Research Question, and Hypothesis (1-2 pages): This section shall
provide an overview of the topic that you are writing about, a concise synopsis of the issues,
and why the topic presents a “puzzle” that prompts your research questions, which you will
include. This section can be preceded by an epigraph that creates interest in the topic. We
encourage the use of epigraphs, but please follow the proper format for epigraphs!!
II. Review of the Literature (3-5 pages): All research projects include a literature review to
set out for the reader what knowledge exists on the subject under study and helps the
researcher develop the research strategy to use in the study. A good literature review is a
thoughtful study of what has been written, a summary of the arguments that exist (whether
you agree with them or not), and are arranged thematically. The literature review is not an
annotated bibliography and should be written in coherent narrative style. At the end of the
summary, there should still be gaps in the literature that you intend to fill with your research.
Directions for 500Level Research Paper
School of Security and Global Studies
Preparing the next generation of security professionals through curriculum and teaching excellence.
III. Methodology and Research Strategy (1-2 pages): This section provides the reader with
a description of your strategy to conduct research for this paper. It identifies your variables and
how you operationalized your research approach. It describes the data you found and how you
analyzed it for .
How to write a Research Paper1. Discussion (How to write a Resea.docxpooleavelina
How to write a Research Paper
1. Discussion (How to write a Research Paper) begins during Residency 10/12 – 10/14
2. Research Paper + Assignment Paper #2 Due 10/21/2018
Research papers are intended to demonstrate a student’s academic knowledge of a subject. When studying at higher levels of school and throughout college, you will likely be asked to prepare research papers. A research paper can be used for exploring and identifying scientific, technical and social issues. If it's your first time writing a research paper, it may seem daunting, but with good organization and focus of mind, you can make the process easier on yourself. Writing a research paper involves four main stages: choosing a topic, researching your topic, making an outline, and doing the actual writing. The paper won't write itself, but by planning and preparing well, the writing practically falls into place. Also, try to avoid plagiarism.
· Abstract - An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.
· Background of the Problem - Background information identifies and describes the history and nature of a well-defined research problem with reference to the existing literature. The background information should indicate the root of the problem being studied, appropriate context of the problem in relation to theory, research, and/or practice, its scope, and the extent to which previous studies have successfully investigated the problem, noting, in particular, where gaps exist that your study attempts to address.
· Problem Statement - A problem statement is a clear concise description of the issue(s) that need(s) to be addressed by a problem-solving team. It is used to center and focus the team at the beginning, keep the team on track during the effort, and is used to validate that the effort delivered an outcome that solves the problem statement
· Purpose Statement - A purpose statement is a declarative sentence which summarizes the specific topic and goals of a document. It is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the document will cover and what he/she can gain from reading it. To be effective, a statement of purpose should be:
· Nature of the Study - In modern science, all findings are usually required by the research community to be backed up by sound statistical evidence. The target audience... The nature of a study in social sciences research may refer to the statistical design of the study
· Research Question - A research question is the fundamental core of a research project, study, or review of literature. It focuses the study, determines the methodology, and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis, and reporting
· Interview Questions
· Assumptions, Limitations, and Delimitations –
· Limitations are influences that the researcher cannot con ...
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
JAAFARI STRUCTURING THESIS CHAPTERS FOR PUBLICATION.pdf
1. Revue Linguistique et Référentiels Interculturels, volume 1, n° 1, Juin 2020
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STRUCTURING THESIS CHAPTERS FOR JOURNAL
PUBLICATION
Mohamed JAAFARI
FLAM, Cadi Ayyad University,
Marrakech
jaafarimd@gmail.com
Abstract:
This paper proposes a strategy for structuring thesis manuscripts to find their way to
publications right away after thesis defence. Otherwise, the conventional destiny of PhD
theses after they are discussed and appraised is being stored on library shelves. Only few
thesis manuscripts are lucky to find their way to publication in reviews, edited books or
journals. To induce PhD researcher to prevent their theses from this dull fate, this paper
highlights the benefits of publishing researches. Furthermore, this paper trains PhD students
on the strategy to structure their on-going works for the purpose of publishing them. A case
study is analysed for illustration and modelling.
Keywords: manuscript structuring, research publication, PhD thesis.
Introduction
Conducting and reporting a PhD study is surely one of the toughest duties the researcher
carries out during the university course. Doing research as such requires investment of
enormous effort on the part of the researcher. The amount of time regularly allotted to the
investigation is so immense that the academic researcher feels unceasingly occupied in body
and mind. It is hence awfully wasteful of effort and energy to confine the desired outcome of
the project to graduation and diploma achievement. One main reason why a thesis manuscript
may not be suitable for immediate publication is that thesis manuscripts are conventionally
written in one unbreakable body of sections. The results in such a type of papers are written
up only after three-year research on end, and its implications are built upon all the sections put
together in a single cohesive book. By the end, the doctoral student would die of happiness
merely to have the thesis at last appraised by the academic committee and graduate.
But soon, it will dawn upon the researcher that what comes out of the long years of
labour is a short-lived book-style thesis. Apart from the defence committee members or
fellow PhD students, very few would summon effort and spare time to plow through the
numerous pages and sections of the newly born book-like thesis. One would prefer it reduced
to 10 pages to make sense of it. As a result, the thesis is usually archived on the library
shelves and gradually sink into oblivion. This paper suggests a methodological strategy to
help researchers save their theses from such gloomy destiny. For this reason, the question
rises concerning the aftermath of thesis defence. The overarching inquiry is as follows:
Q: In what way should a thesis manuscript be structured for the purpose of publication after
thesis defence?
The answer to the inquiry above requires taking methodological measures while
structuring and writing the thesis for the academic purposes. This paper sets out to highlight
the necessary strategic procedures to be applied while designing one‟s manuscript. This paper
comprises three main sections corresponding to the main sub-topics discussed. The first part
entitled „Benefits of Publishing Manuscripts‟ highlights the positive repercussions of
publishing parts of the manuscript on the graduate professional development. The second
section highlights the difference between the structure of thesis and the structure of a
publishable article. „Structuring Manuscript for Publication‟, demonstrates the method to
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structure the manuscript to make it ready for publication in terms of standalone scholarly
articles. Necessary for illuminating the project, the third section comprises a demonstration of
a sample of manuscript structured for purpose of publication.
Benefits of Publishing Manuscripts
For young researchers, the impact of publishing their work is immense and diverse.
Valuable to their self-esteem and self-fulfilment is exhibiting their knowledgeable assets and
capacities. Achieving recognition in scientific community through publishing is to contribute
to one‟s career development in the following ways.
If the aim of the doctoral investigation is to make contribution to one‟s field of research,
how could that aim be achieved without the research results being disseminated among the
academic community? In fact, widely propagating research results is abiding by the ethical
standards of sharing to develop scientific research. Moreover, circulating research results
beyond local university campus expands the outreach to global readership, which will surely
make more significant difference to the field of interest. More specifically, research results
are most reachable to readership if reduced to discrete papers.
Equally important is the contribution of one‟s publications to career enhancement.
Converting a publishable section or part from the thesis manuscript will grant the newly
doctoral graduate an early head start to further scientific career. For, it takes time to refresh
one‟s thoughts after graduation in order to be able to write original research papers. This way,
the publication will surely bring significant additions to the curriculum vitae.
Indeed, the potential benefits generated by the publication of the manuscript will give due
value to the effort and time invested in generating new knowledge. Moreover, publication of
thesis manuscript will help reaching out to fresh researchers to benefit from the findings and
serve as a guide. Hence, spreading findings through publication is a wide doorway to raise
one‟s academic profile and a passport into the scientific community.
Nowadays, with the new requirements of job recruitment, postdoctoral applicants feel
the pressure to have few articles to their names to give more credibility to their application
file. Publishing articles will be added to their competitive gain in the employment market.
For this reason, postdoctoral researchers find it daunting to convert some sections of the
thesis. To ease their woes, this paper paves the way for doctoral researchers to design
publishable manuscripts as the thesis unfolds.
Thesis versus Publishable Article
The conventional, book-style thesis follows the format below.
1. Introduction and outline of the problem
2. Literature review of subject area
3. Background to study population or area
4. Methodological chapter(s)
5-7. Results chapters (usually 2 or 3)
8. Conclusion and implications for policy and/or further research
The total number of chapters is usually about eight, and the total length approaches 300
pages of A4. The research is detailed through body chapters. The details should be ample
enough and sufficient for any reader to grasp the argument of the thesis. The different phases
of the thesis should correspond to answers to these questions:
What did you do?
Why did you do it?
How did you do it?
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What were the results?
What implications are the results for science or areas of society?
The problem with this type of thesis format is that it doesn‟t usually divide well into
publishable standalone units. For, the parts are tightly stitched to each other into a very
cohesive single unit and each chapter relies for its analysis on information inherent in the
remaining chapters. Therefore, each chapter from introduction to conclusion is an integral
part which contributes to building the coherent whole of the thesis.
However, it should be taken into consideration that scholarly journal article differs
completely from a thesis in terms of format and style. Most journal-style papers may be
subdivided into the following sections (Kotzé, 2007, 2):
The introduction may answer in brief the questions related to what the researcher does or
others have done in addition to the rational for the inquiry. The method refers to the „How to
do it‟. The results exhibit the findings of the research, whereas the discussion section
demonstrates the relevance of the findings and their implications for the field or society. It is
not necessary for an article to feature every component separately; for example, a concise
literature review can be inserted in the introduction as well as findings and discussions can be
mixed into one single section under the heading „Findings and discussion‟.
It is salient then that dissertations or theses differ from research articles in several ways.
The thesis is a long discourse meant to exhibit how much knowledge the doctorate student
knows about a subject, whereas the article is succinct and controlled. Therefore, a scholarly
article is characterized by concise introduction, state of art and report of results in contrast
with lengthy, elaborate and thorough ones in a thesis. Being conscious of such differences
between a thesis and standard empirical paper, the post-graduate student cringe at the thought
of having to reframe the thesis and remould it into journal articles.
In order to escape the hardships of having to distil a whole three-year work into well
framed articles, it is essential for the doctoral researcher to structure the thesis contrarily to
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the conventional approach. The strategy relates to a series of methodological steps at the basis
of which is the focus a current and interesting issue and which is expandable.
Structuring Manuscript for Publication
To make PhD material publishable by the end of the research course, a number of
measures have to be taken while structuring the thesis. Following is the outline of my PhD
research thesis featured as a case study and illustration. It is structured methodically to give
each chapter its own singularity.
Materials preceding the study
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The Context
The Problem
Design of the Study
Theoretical Background
CHAPTER I: CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (CDA)
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Development and Principles
1.2.1 Emergence and Development of CDA
1.2.2 Principles and Approaches
1.3 CDA and Ideology Theory
1.3.1 Ideological Theory
1.3.2 Ideological Discourse Analysis in CDA
1.4 CDA and Gender theory.
1.4.1 Gender Theory.
1.4.2 Gender Research in CDA.
CHAPTER II: CONVERSATION ANALYSIS (CA)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Models of conversation analysis
2.3 Emerge of Conversation Analysis (CA)
2.4 Nature and Architecture of Conversations
2.4.1 Turn Taking Practices
2.4.2 Repairs
2.4.3 Formal Features of Conversation
2.5 Institutional dialogues
Methodology
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Aims and Hypotheses
3.3 Materials
3.3.1 Defining the Sample
3.3.2 The Background of the Textbooks
3.3.3 The Layouts of the Textbooks
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3.4 Corpus of study and data management
3.4.1 The Rationale Behind the Choice of the Corpus
3.4.2 The Digitation Process of the Corpus
3.4.3 Typology and Organization of the Corpus
3.5 Methods of analysis
3.5.1 Data Analysis Frameworks.
3.6 Tools and softwares
3.6.1 Knowledge Management : Citavi Software .
3.6.2 Word Processor: Wordsmith Software
3.7 Target Variables
3.7.1 Definition
3.7.2 Dependent and Independent Variables
3.7.3 Selected Variables
Analysis to be converted into article1
CHAPTER IV: GENDER REPRESENTATION IN VISIBILITY
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Firstness
4.3 Turn taking
Analysis to be converted into article 2
CHAPTER V: GENDER REPRESENTATION IN MODALITY
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Epistemic Modality
5.3 Non-epistemic modality
Analysis to be converted into article 3
CHAPTER VI: GENDER REPRESENTATION IN TRANSITIVITY
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Material and mental processes
6.3 Relational and verbal processes
Analysis to be converted into article 4
CHAPTER VII: GENDER REPRESENTATION & SOCIAL SPHERES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Reconsidering female firstness
7.2.1 Preliminary Statistics
7.2.2 Firstness in Interviews
7.3 Gender split in discourse
7.3.1 Preliminary Statistics
7.3.2 Politeness and Order in Discourse
Analysis converted into journal article
7.4 Gender Construction in Characterization
7.4.1 Preliminary Statistics
7.4.2 Gender in Characterization.
7.4.3 Gender Roles in Activities
Conclusions
Chapter viii: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Summary of the study
Summary of the results
Implications
Implications for Methodology
Implications for Pedagogy
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Further directions on research
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX: Textbook Dialogues with Transitivity and Modality Indication Outlook
Dialogues
Visa Dialogues …
Window Dialogues
Ticket1 Dialogues
Gateway1 Dialogues
Gateway2 Dialogues
Ticket2 Dialogues
Insights Dialogues
SUMMARY
The overriding purpose of the research paper in question is to examine the underlying
features of gender representation in the Moroccan EFL textbooks. Such a choice finds its
rationale in the ideological, social and educational context of change currently running in
Morocco. Eventually, the policy assumed to foster gender equity in education was integrated
in The Charter of Education and Training (2000). The new policy expects the newly devised
school textbooks to reflect in form, content and methodology the attempt to abolish gender
discrimination and instruct young citizens on gender equity.
Taking into consideration the context of study discussed above, the research purpose becomes
obvious which is to answer the following question:
To what extent does the pedagogic discourse via the EFL textbook, in its current form,
transmit successfully the principles of the national policy regarding the construction of the
Moroccan social identity?
The question above was forwarded to serve as an overarching inquiry for a better
orientation of the research. The corpus under investigation, then, consists of the written and
scripted oral dialogues and conversations from all the eight textbooks. Two hypotheses
directed the investigation:
Hypothesis 1: We assume that there is quantitative imbalance in the distribution of
power and knowledge between the gender roles in the Moroccan EFL textbook
discourse based on dialogues.
Hypothesis 2: We expect to find that the Moroccan EFL textbook discourse only
reproduce implicitly and explicitly the traditional gender roles existing at macro level
of the society.
In this endeavour, the study is guided methodologically by the works of the Critical Discourse
Analysis scholars such as Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, Ruth Wodak, Lia Litosseliti
and others. The research is also characterized by the implementation of M.A.K Halliday„s
Systemic Functional Linguistics, mainly modality analysis at the interpersonal level and
transitivity analysis at the experiential level. The conversational methods and techniques are
employed to map out the way people exert power over interlocutants, reproduce or challenge
prevailing gender ideology in talk.
The analysis statistics are performed by Wordsmith software which spotted and counted
the frequency of modals and verbs, names and job titles as linguistic items across the
numerous samples of dialogues. This project is also qualitative because it falls under
discourse-analysis type where "the results tend to be richer with regard to understanding the
way that information is presented in a text" (Nicholls 2003: 3).
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As for organization, the paper is partitioned into two interrelated parts divided into eight
chapters. Roughly speaking, the first part is exclusively theoretical. It includes reference to
methods of analysis, approaches, techniques and criteria of textbook research, in general. The
second part deals with the case study which is gender representation in the Moroccan EFL
textbook discourse.
In its turn, the first part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter affords an account
of the Critical-discourse-analysis history, principles and methodology. More precisely, the
discussion converges on the application of the CDA to ideology and gender research. The
discussion highlights the importance CDA gives to Halliday‟s Functional Systemic
Linguistics (FSL) in the understanding of discourse. In this case, reference is made to
modality and transitivity as aspects of language through which speakers mediate ideas,
thoughts, intentions and feelings. Special attention is also given to the development of gender
theory, its perspectives and methods of approaching gender. Examples of previous critical
discourse analytical studies on these issues are reviewed. The second chapter is concerned
with Conversation Analysis (CA), focusing on methodology and techniques of analysis and
the terminology pertaining to the CA tradition.
The second part is very crucial in the process of the study. It encloses Chapters three up
to eight. They constitute the greatest portion of the paper which is allotted to the analysis of
the discourse of the eight schoolbooks and the testing of the question about gender
representation.
Part Two, being the practical part of the research, opens up with Chapter three. The
latter is a detailed presentation of the methodology adopted in the investigation. It states the
hypotheses of research, defines the contours of the sample of the textbooks targeted and
demonstrates the way the corpus of the analysis is managed and processed. The corpus
concerned in this investigation involves 252 gendered dialogues extracted from the eight
school textbook officially recommended for the Moroccan high school EFL instruction. The
dialogues incorporate 124 mixed gender dialogues and 128 same gender dialogues. In The
former group of dialogues, female initiated dialogues (71) are distinguished from male
initiated ones (53). Likewise, in the same gender group of dialogues, female gendered
dialogues (61) are separated from those engendered by males (67). Simultaneously, the
investigation has cared for the contribution of each individual textbook to the whole sum in
order to assess the amount of space and visibility is allotted to a specific gender role.
Defining the variables in research is also a decisive procedure which is clarified within
methodology. Concerning modality, the basic modals are stated. These are can (ability),
could, may (permission, probability), might (possibility), must, ought to, shall, should, will,
and would. Don‟t have to, have to, mustn‟t+ can‟t (prohibition), might have + past participle,
had to, should and ought to (advice and recommendation) + needn‟t modals in the present and
past. As for transitivity, the verbs are extracted from the dialogues and studied within context
of use.
Chapter Four, Five, Six and Seven are devoted to the application of the methodology
stated in Chapter three. They tackle the gender representation in the Moroccan EFL textbook
discourse. Chapter Four investigates on the gender representation at the level of the frequency
of the firstness and turn-taking of females and males. Then, Chapter Five describes gender
representation embedded in the use of modality in the dialogues: epistemic and non-epistemic
modalities. Chapter Six is likewise quantitative. It probes for aspects of gender representation
in contextual language use, mainly transitive and intransitive verbs, expressing material,
mental, relational and verbal processes. Chapter Seven, on the other hand, is more qualitative
than quantitative. It seeks features of gender representation in the dialogue construction
procedures, primarily gender characterization and social and occupational activities.
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Conclusions and implications are summoned to conclude the paper. After summarizing
the study and the results, the chapter makes salient the implications the study brings about for
methodology of research, particularly textbook research, and for pedagogy. By the end of the
chapter, some possible directions on future research are suggested.
The research model above is conducted empirically in the field of linguistics. The
research is structured in a way to make it easy to extract four independent scholarly articles.
Chapters IV, V, VI and VII are self-sufficient sections of the research though they all feed the
overriding question about the role of the EFL textbooks in the construction of the Moroccan
social identity. However, each chapter answers a separate sub-question probing a specific
aspect of gender representation. That is, each chapter tackles gender representation in the
Moroccan EFL textbooks from a different angle without basing on data from the previous or
subsequent chapters. This way, each chapter tests the hypothesis in its own way using
different variables from the same corpus. The analysis in each chapter culminates in results
that vary in aspect and type from those in other chapters. It is obvious that the researcher
invests time and effort to expand the research inquiry over four lengthy chapters, but this
method helps save time and effort on the part of the post-doctoral young author.
Immediately after thesis defence and graduation, I extracted the section under the
headline “Gender Construction in Characterization” and converted it into a journal article
under the title “Gender Roles Discrimination in the Moroccan EFL Textbook Discourse”
(Jaafari, 2016b). To abide by the criteria of writing empirical research articles, I brought light
modifications to the title, heading and added sections. For example, I inserted a concise
theoretical background drawn from the original thesis manuscript, devised an abstract and
distilled a bibliography from the original list of references. I sent it to a renowned journal. The
article was reviewed by specialists, was accepted and published.
Subsequent to the successful experience of being accepted to publish on a scientific
journal, my thirst for more academic achievement grew. Hence, I started to envisage
converting the other chapters into publishable journal articles. Then, as soon as I started
working on the next chapter in the same year, a publishing house invited me to publish the
whole thesis manuscript and publicize it on the Amazon selling sites. They said they got news
about my thesis from the article I published. The publishing house said in their first email:
Dear Mr. Mohamed Jaafari,
Are you the author of work entitled « Gender Roles Discrimination in the Moroccan
EFL Textbook Discourse »? I’m from the editorial team of Noor Publishing.
I believe this particular topic could be of interest to a wider audience and we would be
glad to consider publishing it. We would be especially interested in publishing a
complete academic work of yours (a thesis, a dissertation or a monograph) as a printed
book. Our services are free of charge for authors.
Mr. Mohamed Jaafari, would you agree to receive more information in an electronic
brochure?
Thank you in advance.
I accepted without hesitation and sent them the whole manuscript. Below is the cover of
my thesis as a book (Jaafari, 2016):
9. Revue Linguistique et Référentiels Interculturels, volume 1, n° 1, Juin 2020
ISSN: 2658-9206
66
Fig1: the cover of the published book
These two publications disseminated at the international level were most appreciated by the
recruiting committee at the faculty where I submitted my job application. This strategy helped
me to establish myself as a researcher in the field.
Conclusion
The aim of this paper is to lead doctoral students through an experience in structuring a
PhD thesis with the purpose to make its integral chapters straightforwardly publishable.
Because the doctoral students are taken mostly by the worry to succeed in the defence of their
theses, they postpone the idea of building their researcher reputation through publishing. The
purpose of this paper is to draw the young researchers to the benefits of publishing parts of
their work. At the same time, the paper highlights the difference between a publishable
scholarly article and a thesis manuscript. The main section of the article demonstrates a model
of manuscript containing publishable chapters.
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