The document discusses cooperation between Israel and Cyprus in developing adjacent gas fields. It notes they have a defense pact against Turkey and are hoping to construct pipelines to export their gas to Egypt, Turkey, or the EU. However, Israel and Cyprus have different foreign policy threats - Turkey for Cyprus and Iran for Israel. While Cyprus may benefit from speedy talks with Turkey over pipelines, Israel does not due to tensions between Russia and Turkey. The document also discusses Egypt's recently discovered Zohr gas field and the country's aim to have it operational by 2017.
The Geopolitics of the Dutch Natural Gas Fieldsiakovosal
The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands is Europe's largest gas field, but the Dutch government has decided to reduce production due to earthquake activity caused by gas extraction. This will make it difficult for the Netherlands and Europe to replace the lost natural gas supply. Russia accuses the Dutch of failing to protect citizens from gas-related earthquakes. The reduction of Groningen's output and falling North Sea gas production in the UK increases competition from Russia's Gazprom, which supplies gas to Europe via the Nord Stream and other pipelines.
Is the Reconciliation Between Turkey and Israel Viable?iakovosal
Turkey and Israel announced an agreement to normalize relations after six years of tensions. The deal includes Turkey dropping lawsuits against Israeli officials, limiting Hamas activities in Turkey, and facilitating humanitarian aid to Gaza. However, the reconciliation faces challenges, as Turkey may struggle to curb Hamas due to domestic political pressures and its close ties with the group. Any future conflict in Gaza could also cause Turkey's president to recall its ambassador from Israel to appease domestic critics. The viability of the deal remains uncertain.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 4% in July due to weaker Brent crude oil, gas, and wholesale electricity prices. Geopolitical tensions in Ukraine continued as Russia suspended gas deliveries, while negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program were extended. Global oil supplies remained strong despite conflicts, weighing on prices. The euro weakened against the dollar and pound, partially offsetting declines in wholesale energy prices in euro terms. Wholesale coal prices rose 7% amid concerns that sanctions against Russia could disrupt supplies.
The document discusses how shale gas development in the US is benefiting manufacturing through lower energy and feedstock costs. It finds that annual cost savings for US manufacturers could reach $22.3 billion by 2030 and $34.1 billion by 2040 assuming continued low natural gas prices. Key beneficiary sectors are expected to be chemicals and metals due to natural gas use as an energy source and feedstock. The chemicals industry in particular is seeing major new investment in US production facilities leveraging affordable shale gas.
The Clouds Over the Russian-Italian Relationsiakovosal
The Italian-Russian relations are largely determined by the relationship between Gazprom and ENI, Italy's largest energy company. Russia offered ENI partnership in the Blue Stream and South Stream pipelines to bring Russian gas to Europe. By giving stakes in these pipelines, Russia managed to gain Italy's support against EU energy regulations. However, by canceling South Stream and signing Nord Stream 2 only with Germany, Russia is shifting its weight away from Italy. This could damage Russian-Italian ties, as Italy has other gas partners in Libya, Algeria, and recently discovered a large gas field in Egypt.
The US energy revolution is gaining pace as the Obama administration approved wider exports of liquefied natural gas and international companies committed billions to new infrastructure projects. Advances in fracking have unlocked new US oil and gas supplies and increased the potential for the US to export energy. The Department of Energy approved the Freeport LNG project in Texas to export to non-trade agreement countries like Japan and the EU. Separately, Japanese and European firms pledged $6-7 billion to the proposed $10 billion Cameron LNG plant in Louisiana. The developments underscore how the US shale boom is transforming global energy markets.
Is Deep Water Oil Drilling a National Security IssueZiad K Abdelnour
The US government considers oil drilling in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico a national security priority because there are significant oil reserves located deep under the Gulf that could help decrease US dependence on foreign oil imports. Both the oil industry and the government face challenges in developing technologies needed to economically extract oil from ultra-deepwater reserves over 6,000 feet deep. The Department of Energy has committed substantial funds towards research to create new technologies for efficient exploration and production in the deepwater Gulf, in order to access these strategic oil reserves and regain US leadership in deepwater drilling.
America's Energy Advantage, a group backed by large industrial companies, has warned that allowing a large increase in natural gas exports from the US could damage domestic manufacturing jobs and investments by driving up gas prices. The group is calling for a balanced approach that permits only a few more natural gas liquefaction plants. However, supporters of LNG exports argue that limiting export permits would be unjustified interference in energy markets and that abundant shale gas reserves mean supply shortages are unlikely. The issue of increased US LNG exports pitting domestic manufacturing interests against the gas export industry is coming into conflict with hopes that cheap domestic natural gas will drive a renaissance in US manufacturing.
The Geopolitics of the Dutch Natural Gas Fieldsiakovosal
The Groningen natural gas field in the Netherlands is Europe's largest gas field, but the Dutch government has decided to reduce production due to earthquake activity caused by gas extraction. This will make it difficult for the Netherlands and Europe to replace the lost natural gas supply. Russia accuses the Dutch of failing to protect citizens from gas-related earthquakes. The reduction of Groningen's output and falling North Sea gas production in the UK increases competition from Russia's Gazprom, which supplies gas to Europe via the Nord Stream and other pipelines.
Is the Reconciliation Between Turkey and Israel Viable?iakovosal
Turkey and Israel announced an agreement to normalize relations after six years of tensions. The deal includes Turkey dropping lawsuits against Israeli officials, limiting Hamas activities in Turkey, and facilitating humanitarian aid to Gaza. However, the reconciliation faces challenges, as Turkey may struggle to curb Hamas due to domestic political pressures and its close ties with the group. Any future conflict in Gaza could also cause Turkey's president to recall its ambassador from Israel to appease domestic critics. The viability of the deal remains uncertain.
The Bord Gáis Energy Index fell 4% in July due to weaker Brent crude oil, gas, and wholesale electricity prices. Geopolitical tensions in Ukraine continued as Russia suspended gas deliveries, while negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program were extended. Global oil supplies remained strong despite conflicts, weighing on prices. The euro weakened against the dollar and pound, partially offsetting declines in wholesale energy prices in euro terms. Wholesale coal prices rose 7% amid concerns that sanctions against Russia could disrupt supplies.
The document discusses how shale gas development in the US is benefiting manufacturing through lower energy and feedstock costs. It finds that annual cost savings for US manufacturers could reach $22.3 billion by 2030 and $34.1 billion by 2040 assuming continued low natural gas prices. Key beneficiary sectors are expected to be chemicals and metals due to natural gas use as an energy source and feedstock. The chemicals industry in particular is seeing major new investment in US production facilities leveraging affordable shale gas.
The Clouds Over the Russian-Italian Relationsiakovosal
The Italian-Russian relations are largely determined by the relationship between Gazprom and ENI, Italy's largest energy company. Russia offered ENI partnership in the Blue Stream and South Stream pipelines to bring Russian gas to Europe. By giving stakes in these pipelines, Russia managed to gain Italy's support against EU energy regulations. However, by canceling South Stream and signing Nord Stream 2 only with Germany, Russia is shifting its weight away from Italy. This could damage Russian-Italian ties, as Italy has other gas partners in Libya, Algeria, and recently discovered a large gas field in Egypt.
The US energy revolution is gaining pace as the Obama administration approved wider exports of liquefied natural gas and international companies committed billions to new infrastructure projects. Advances in fracking have unlocked new US oil and gas supplies and increased the potential for the US to export energy. The Department of Energy approved the Freeport LNG project in Texas to export to non-trade agreement countries like Japan and the EU. Separately, Japanese and European firms pledged $6-7 billion to the proposed $10 billion Cameron LNG plant in Louisiana. The developments underscore how the US shale boom is transforming global energy markets.
Is Deep Water Oil Drilling a National Security IssueZiad K Abdelnour
The US government considers oil drilling in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico a national security priority because there are significant oil reserves located deep under the Gulf that could help decrease US dependence on foreign oil imports. Both the oil industry and the government face challenges in developing technologies needed to economically extract oil from ultra-deepwater reserves over 6,000 feet deep. The Department of Energy has committed substantial funds towards research to create new technologies for efficient exploration and production in the deepwater Gulf, in order to access these strategic oil reserves and regain US leadership in deepwater drilling.
America's Energy Advantage, a group backed by large industrial companies, has warned that allowing a large increase in natural gas exports from the US could damage domestic manufacturing jobs and investments by driving up gas prices. The group is calling for a balanced approach that permits only a few more natural gas liquefaction plants. However, supporters of LNG exports argue that limiting export permits would be unjustified interference in energy markets and that abundant shale gas reserves mean supply shortages are unlikely. The issue of increased US LNG exports pitting domestic manufacturing interests against the gas export industry is coming into conflict with hopes that cheap domestic natural gas will drive a renaissance in US manufacturing.
4th RNA-Seq San Francisco April 26-28 Event GuideDiane McKenna
This document provides an agenda for the RNA-Seq 2016 conference to be held in San Francisco from April 26-28, 2016. The conference will feature 24 expert speakers from companies and universities discussing topics related to RNA sequencing technology including harnessing single-cell RNA-seq, clinical applications of RNA-seq, and analyzing the complexity of the transcriptome. Some of the keynote speakers and session topics include Chris Mason on addressing cancer heterogeneity at the single-cell level, Alex Shalek on deconvolving heterogeneous systems using single-cell RNA-seq, and Garry Nolan on a billion cell barcode revolution in single-cell sequencing.
1) Omar al-Bashir is the president of Sudan who has been accused of genocide in Darfur and has international arrest warrants against him.
2) Sudan and South Sudan separated in 2011 after a civil war, but relations remain tense as South Sudan's oil can only be exported through Sudan.
3) Sudan under al-Bashir cooperated closely with Iran, Turkey, and Qatar, allowing these countries to use Sudan to support terrorist groups in West Africa.
France maintains control over several small islands off the coasts of Africa and Australia, allowing it to assert territorial claims in the surrounding oceans and Antarctica. Seven countries have official claims over parts of Antarctica - Chile, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, France, and Norway. These claims arise from the countries' historical colonial activities in nearby regions or their geographical proximity to Antarctica. However, Antarctica's status is governed by the Antarctic Treaty which reserves the continent for peaceful, scientific research and suspends territorial claims without prejudice.
Eu vs Αzerbaijan and Russia + Αzerebaizaniakovosal
The EU adopted a resolution against Azerbaijan in September 2015 regarding human rights violations. However, the timing is strange as Azerbaijan challenges Russian energy dominance by exporting oil and gas to Europe through Turkey. Russia and Azerbaijan have competing oil and gas interests but work together on the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Recent natural gas deals between Russia and Azerbaijan, as well as tensions over the Blue Stream pipeline to Turkey, show the geopolitical competition between Russia and Turkey is likely connected to the EU resolution against Azerbaijan.
France has strengthened its alliance with Arab countries by bombing ISIS in Syria and bringing up war crimes against the Assad regime. This angers Turkey, Russia, and Iran but pleases Gulf Arab allies of France. France has large energy and arms deals with Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Saudi Arabia financially supports Egypt's purchase of French weapons to help counter Turkish and Iranian influence in the region. However, France's new closeness with Gulf Arabs could strain its relations with Germany if Germany does not also improve ties with Iran.
The document summarizes the complex geopolitical situation in Syria and Iraq by mapping out the competing powers supporting different ethnic and religious groups in each country. In Syria, the Alawite areas are backed by Russia and Iran, Sunni areas by Turkey and Gulf Arabs, and Kurdish areas by both Russia and the US, who are competing for influence. A similar dynamic exists in Iraq, where Sunni areas are supported by Turkey and Gulf states, Shia areas by the US and Iran, and Kurdish areas by the US. Tensions also exist between the Kurds of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey over oil and gas resources and relations with Turkey.
In this essay I explain why monopolies are never the result of the free market but they are rather the result of government regulation. The document was written for the general reader with no economic knowledge.
1) Relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated in the late 1960s as the Soviets increased their military presence along their shared border with China and in Mongolia, fearing Chinese expansionism. This led to armed clashes over disputed border territories in 1969.
2) China supported anti-Soviet Islamic mujahideen groups in Afghanistan when the Soviets invaded in 1979 in order to counter Soviet influence in Central Asia near China's western borders.
3) Control over resource-rich regions like Xinjiang, Central Asia, and Siberia contributed to tensions between China and the USSR, as both sought to expand their influence over these territories and their oil and gas reserves.
- Catalonia is an autonomous region of Spain that wants independence. The pro-independence coalition won recent elections in Catalonia.
- Catalonia is one of Spain's richest regions economically but believes it pays too much in taxes to support the rest of Spain.
- Other separatist movements in Europe seeking independence include Scotland, Flanders, the Basque Country, and Venice. The EU and NATO see these as potentially destabilizing.
The document summarizes the features of a new wireless digital crane scale, including its impact resistant steel construction, long-life LFP battery, ability to store up to 2900 weight measurements, and use of an RS232 interface to connect to a computer. It also lists specifications for different models ranging from 0.5kg to 20kg maximum capacities.
This document discusses the petroleum systems of the Levant Basin. It finds that:
1. The Northern Levant Basin contains thick Early Miocene reservoir sands deposited in a deep depositional basin floor, with over 1,000m of net sand in places. These sands contain multiple gas discoveries of over 10 TCF each.
2. The source rocks for the gas include biogenic gas from Oligocene rocks as well as potential for deeper thermogenic gas. Basin modeling also indicates potential for oil in the Northern Levant Basin.
3. The Northern Levant Basin contains large, relatively untested structures like the Phoebe structure, over 40 sqkm in area, that could contain over 7 T
Projector Headlights are used to give an attractive and new look to the Machine,Projector Headlights In Ahmedabad,Projector Headlights Ahmedabad.
Website : www.mxsmotosport.com
Phone :- +91-11-45604388 +91-9899422616
E-Mail :- info@mxsmotosport.com
No matter what size or style event you are planning, make sure all of your sanitation needs are covered by working with the sanitation supply experts at Mr. John. Since 1964, Mr. John has been the go-to restroom rental and sanitation supplier for special events, construction sites and private parties all throughout Western Pennsylvania. - See more at: http://mrjohnpit.com/sanitation-planning-checklist-infographic/#sthash.RdjXBpO8.dpuf
Gazprom VS ENI : A New War in East Mediterranean Sea?iakovosal
The document discusses tensions between Russian energy company Gazprom and Italian energy company ENI in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Specifically:
- ENI recently discovered a large natural gas field in Egyptian waters, threatening Gazprom's dominance in the regional energy market.
- Russia has increased its military presence in Syria, partly to counter growing Western and ENI influence in the region and protect its interests. Pipelines through Syria could challenge Russian exports to Europe.
- ENI's gas facilities in Egypt near the Nile Delta threaten Turkey and Iran's ambitions, and are vulnerable to terrorist attacks, which could benefit Russia geopolitically. Gazprom views ENI's expansion as a major problem and may try to destabil
The document summarizes an article discussing geopolitical tensions between Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Kurdish groups over control of oil and natural gas pipelines and resources in the Middle East. Turkey wants to use natural gas from Iraqi Kurdistan to decrease dependence on Russia, but the PKK Kurdish group has sabotaged pipelines at Russia's urging. Iran has also offered to help Iraqi Kurds export oil to put pressure on Turkey. The pipeline politics are exacerbating tensions between regional powers vying for influence over energy resources and trade routes.
1. The document provides an overview of geopolitical issues related to emerging economies, globalization, and infrastructure development. It discusses topics like the Arab Spring, oil pipelines in the Middle East and Central Asia, the conflict between Greece and Turkey, and economic trends in countries like Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
2. Key infrastructure projects mentioned include gas pipelines between countries, proposed railways to connect the West Bank and Gaza, and investments aimed at linking economies across regions.
3. Geopolitical challenges covered involve territorial disputes, the potential for political instability to impact energy markets, and how infrastructure can influence statehood and economic viability.
The New Cold War Between U.S.A. and Russiaiakovosal
This document discusses the energy war between the U.S. and Russia and its implications for Israel's security. It outlines how both countries want to dominate the European energy market and how pipeline projects like Nord Stream and South Stream allow Russia to supply Europe without relying on Ukraine. It also discusses how new pipelines through Turkey could supply Europe from the Caspian, lessening Russia and strengthening Turkey and Iran, both enemies of Israel. As a result, Israel may be moving closer to Russia to ensure its survival in a changing geopolitical landscape.
The recent geo-political developments in the region present major
opportunities for Israel in the form of cooperative alliances in the
field of energy. Turkey, Egypt and Jordan – each one for its own
reasons – are all allies with regard to energy, who could help Israel
evolve into a regional superpower
Putin sought to use Russia's dominance as a natural gas supplier to Europe to exert geopolitical influence. His plan was to strengthen Russia's control over European gas markets by having Gazprom acquire a stake in Algerian state gas company Sonatrach, which would give Russia influence over Algeria's exports as well. However, Algeria resisted full cooperation with Russia due to competition between the two as gas suppliers to Europe and Algeria's trade relationships with NATO members. While Russia and Algeria have continued arms and limited energy cooperation, their relationship is more complex than during the Soviet era due to their roles as rival gas exporters to Europe.
The document discusses the proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project and the various conflicts surrounding it. It provides background on fossil fuel usage and scarcity. It then discusses the history of oil and gas pipelines as well as past conflicts where oil was used as a weapon. It outlines the proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project and competing proposed pipelines. It analyzes potential opposition and perceived conflicts from countries like the US, Saudi Arabia, and India. It also examines intentions of countries involved regarding the different pipeline projects.
The document provides an overview of the changing global LNG market landscape and its implications for potential gas exports from the East Mediterranean in the coming decade. It notes that by the time East Mediterranean exports come online between 2022-2030, the global LNG market will be much larger and more liquid. Major supply additions are expected from Australia, North America, and other regions, which could double global LNG supply. While regasification capacity is also growing rapidly, liquefaction capacity additions may outpace it, leading to a looser market. This would benefit European buyers and could see more spot trading and less oil-linked pricing globally. The increased competition and supply could help reduce prices and stimulate greater LNG demand.
The Causes Behind the Conflict Between Turkey and Israeliakovosal
This short essay explains the true causes behind the conflict of the once close allies of Turkey and Israel. It turns out that as it is usually the case, the true reason for this conflict is oil and natural gas.
4th RNA-Seq San Francisco April 26-28 Event GuideDiane McKenna
This document provides an agenda for the RNA-Seq 2016 conference to be held in San Francisco from April 26-28, 2016. The conference will feature 24 expert speakers from companies and universities discussing topics related to RNA sequencing technology including harnessing single-cell RNA-seq, clinical applications of RNA-seq, and analyzing the complexity of the transcriptome. Some of the keynote speakers and session topics include Chris Mason on addressing cancer heterogeneity at the single-cell level, Alex Shalek on deconvolving heterogeneous systems using single-cell RNA-seq, and Garry Nolan on a billion cell barcode revolution in single-cell sequencing.
1) Omar al-Bashir is the president of Sudan who has been accused of genocide in Darfur and has international arrest warrants against him.
2) Sudan and South Sudan separated in 2011 after a civil war, but relations remain tense as South Sudan's oil can only be exported through Sudan.
3) Sudan under al-Bashir cooperated closely with Iran, Turkey, and Qatar, allowing these countries to use Sudan to support terrorist groups in West Africa.
France maintains control over several small islands off the coasts of Africa and Australia, allowing it to assert territorial claims in the surrounding oceans and Antarctica. Seven countries have official claims over parts of Antarctica - Chile, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, France, and Norway. These claims arise from the countries' historical colonial activities in nearby regions or their geographical proximity to Antarctica. However, Antarctica's status is governed by the Antarctic Treaty which reserves the continent for peaceful, scientific research and suspends territorial claims without prejudice.
Eu vs Αzerbaijan and Russia + Αzerebaizaniakovosal
The EU adopted a resolution against Azerbaijan in September 2015 regarding human rights violations. However, the timing is strange as Azerbaijan challenges Russian energy dominance by exporting oil and gas to Europe through Turkey. Russia and Azerbaijan have competing oil and gas interests but work together on the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Recent natural gas deals between Russia and Azerbaijan, as well as tensions over the Blue Stream pipeline to Turkey, show the geopolitical competition between Russia and Turkey is likely connected to the EU resolution against Azerbaijan.
France has strengthened its alliance with Arab countries by bombing ISIS in Syria and bringing up war crimes against the Assad regime. This angers Turkey, Russia, and Iran but pleases Gulf Arab allies of France. France has large energy and arms deals with Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Saudi Arabia financially supports Egypt's purchase of French weapons to help counter Turkish and Iranian influence in the region. However, France's new closeness with Gulf Arabs could strain its relations with Germany if Germany does not also improve ties with Iran.
The document summarizes the complex geopolitical situation in Syria and Iraq by mapping out the competing powers supporting different ethnic and religious groups in each country. In Syria, the Alawite areas are backed by Russia and Iran, Sunni areas by Turkey and Gulf Arabs, and Kurdish areas by both Russia and the US, who are competing for influence. A similar dynamic exists in Iraq, where Sunni areas are supported by Turkey and Gulf states, Shia areas by the US and Iran, and Kurdish areas by the US. Tensions also exist between the Kurds of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey over oil and gas resources and relations with Turkey.
In this essay I explain why monopolies are never the result of the free market but they are rather the result of government regulation. The document was written for the general reader with no economic knowledge.
1) Relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated in the late 1960s as the Soviets increased their military presence along their shared border with China and in Mongolia, fearing Chinese expansionism. This led to armed clashes over disputed border territories in 1969.
2) China supported anti-Soviet Islamic mujahideen groups in Afghanistan when the Soviets invaded in 1979 in order to counter Soviet influence in Central Asia near China's western borders.
3) Control over resource-rich regions like Xinjiang, Central Asia, and Siberia contributed to tensions between China and the USSR, as both sought to expand their influence over these territories and their oil and gas reserves.
- Catalonia is an autonomous region of Spain that wants independence. The pro-independence coalition won recent elections in Catalonia.
- Catalonia is one of Spain's richest regions economically but believes it pays too much in taxes to support the rest of Spain.
- Other separatist movements in Europe seeking independence include Scotland, Flanders, the Basque Country, and Venice. The EU and NATO see these as potentially destabilizing.
The document summarizes the features of a new wireless digital crane scale, including its impact resistant steel construction, long-life LFP battery, ability to store up to 2900 weight measurements, and use of an RS232 interface to connect to a computer. It also lists specifications for different models ranging from 0.5kg to 20kg maximum capacities.
This document discusses the petroleum systems of the Levant Basin. It finds that:
1. The Northern Levant Basin contains thick Early Miocene reservoir sands deposited in a deep depositional basin floor, with over 1,000m of net sand in places. These sands contain multiple gas discoveries of over 10 TCF each.
2. The source rocks for the gas include biogenic gas from Oligocene rocks as well as potential for deeper thermogenic gas. Basin modeling also indicates potential for oil in the Northern Levant Basin.
3. The Northern Levant Basin contains large, relatively untested structures like the Phoebe structure, over 40 sqkm in area, that could contain over 7 T
Projector Headlights are used to give an attractive and new look to the Machine,Projector Headlights In Ahmedabad,Projector Headlights Ahmedabad.
Website : www.mxsmotosport.com
Phone :- +91-11-45604388 +91-9899422616
E-Mail :- info@mxsmotosport.com
No matter what size or style event you are planning, make sure all of your sanitation needs are covered by working with the sanitation supply experts at Mr. John. Since 1964, Mr. John has been the go-to restroom rental and sanitation supplier for special events, construction sites and private parties all throughout Western Pennsylvania. - See more at: http://mrjohnpit.com/sanitation-planning-checklist-infographic/#sthash.RdjXBpO8.dpuf
Gazprom VS ENI : A New War in East Mediterranean Sea?iakovosal
The document discusses tensions between Russian energy company Gazprom and Italian energy company ENI in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Specifically:
- ENI recently discovered a large natural gas field in Egyptian waters, threatening Gazprom's dominance in the regional energy market.
- Russia has increased its military presence in Syria, partly to counter growing Western and ENI influence in the region and protect its interests. Pipelines through Syria could challenge Russian exports to Europe.
- ENI's gas facilities in Egypt near the Nile Delta threaten Turkey and Iran's ambitions, and are vulnerable to terrorist attacks, which could benefit Russia geopolitically. Gazprom views ENI's expansion as a major problem and may try to destabil
The document summarizes an article discussing geopolitical tensions between Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Kurdish groups over control of oil and natural gas pipelines and resources in the Middle East. Turkey wants to use natural gas from Iraqi Kurdistan to decrease dependence on Russia, but the PKK Kurdish group has sabotaged pipelines at Russia's urging. Iran has also offered to help Iraqi Kurds export oil to put pressure on Turkey. The pipeline politics are exacerbating tensions between regional powers vying for influence over energy resources and trade routes.
1. The document provides an overview of geopolitical issues related to emerging economies, globalization, and infrastructure development. It discusses topics like the Arab Spring, oil pipelines in the Middle East and Central Asia, the conflict between Greece and Turkey, and economic trends in countries like Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
2. Key infrastructure projects mentioned include gas pipelines between countries, proposed railways to connect the West Bank and Gaza, and investments aimed at linking economies across regions.
3. Geopolitical challenges covered involve territorial disputes, the potential for political instability to impact energy markets, and how infrastructure can influence statehood and economic viability.
The New Cold War Between U.S.A. and Russiaiakovosal
This document discusses the energy war between the U.S. and Russia and its implications for Israel's security. It outlines how both countries want to dominate the European energy market and how pipeline projects like Nord Stream and South Stream allow Russia to supply Europe without relying on Ukraine. It also discusses how new pipelines through Turkey could supply Europe from the Caspian, lessening Russia and strengthening Turkey and Iran, both enemies of Israel. As a result, Israel may be moving closer to Russia to ensure its survival in a changing geopolitical landscape.
The recent geo-political developments in the region present major
opportunities for Israel in the form of cooperative alliances in the
field of energy. Turkey, Egypt and Jordan – each one for its own
reasons – are all allies with regard to energy, who could help Israel
evolve into a regional superpower
Putin sought to use Russia's dominance as a natural gas supplier to Europe to exert geopolitical influence. His plan was to strengthen Russia's control over European gas markets by having Gazprom acquire a stake in Algerian state gas company Sonatrach, which would give Russia influence over Algeria's exports as well. However, Algeria resisted full cooperation with Russia due to competition between the two as gas suppliers to Europe and Algeria's trade relationships with NATO members. While Russia and Algeria have continued arms and limited energy cooperation, their relationship is more complex than during the Soviet era due to their roles as rival gas exporters to Europe.
The document discusses the proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project and the various conflicts surrounding it. It provides background on fossil fuel usage and scarcity. It then discusses the history of oil and gas pipelines as well as past conflicts where oil was used as a weapon. It outlines the proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline project and competing proposed pipelines. It analyzes potential opposition and perceived conflicts from countries like the US, Saudi Arabia, and India. It also examines intentions of countries involved regarding the different pipeline projects.
The document provides an overview of the changing global LNG market landscape and its implications for potential gas exports from the East Mediterranean in the coming decade. It notes that by the time East Mediterranean exports come online between 2022-2030, the global LNG market will be much larger and more liquid. Major supply additions are expected from Australia, North America, and other regions, which could double global LNG supply. While regasification capacity is also growing rapidly, liquefaction capacity additions may outpace it, leading to a looser market. This would benefit European buyers and could see more spot trading and less oil-linked pricing globally. The increased competition and supply could help reduce prices and stimulate greater LNG demand.
The Causes Behind the Conflict Between Turkey and Israeliakovosal
This short essay explains the true causes behind the conflict of the once close allies of Turkey and Israel. It turns out that as it is usually the case, the true reason for this conflict is oil and natural gas.
The Crisis in the American-Turkish Relations and the Creation of an Independe...iakovosal
Turkey has been a prominent NATO member, and a traditional US ally. However the shift in the US energy policy in the Middle East, and more specifically its rapprochement with Iran, does not help Turkey to become the absolute energy hub between the Middle East and Europe, which is her main objective, in order to overcome her lack of energy resources, and to increase her geostrategic significance in the international arena.
This booklet explains the crisis in the American-Turkish relations over Syria and Iran, and it explains why this crisis is a crisis over contradicting oil and natural gas interests.
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology
Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
MSc in Oil & Gas Technology
“Oil Trading”
“Cyprus: An update on gas exploration and reserves”
Supervisor: N. Kontinakis
January 2014
This document provides an overview of natural gas exploration and reserves in Cyprus. It discusses the Aphrodite gas field discovery and updated estimates of reserves in Block 12. It outlines Cyprus' 2nd offshore licensing round that awarded blocks to Eni, Total, and other companies. Timelines are presented for exploration activities in Blocks 9, 11 and 12 through 2015. The strategic location of Cyprus supports potential development options like pipelines to Egypt or a floating LNG facility. In conclusion, natural gas discoveries have improved Cyprus' economic outlook and its negotiations regarding disputes with Turkey.
The European Union approved an agreement for the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) project between Greece and the TAP consortium. TAP will be part of the larger Southern Gas Corridor project to transport natural gas from Azerbaijan through Turkey and Greece to Italy and other European countries. The TAP consortium, comprised of several European energy companies, will invest $5.6 billion in the project with $2.3 billion invested specifically in Greece. TAP aims to initially transport 10 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year to reduce European dependence on Russian gas.
The document discusses the long-standing tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia over use of the Nile River's waters. As Egypt is located in the desert and relies on the Nile, it has historically claimed most rights over the river. In 1929, Britain granted Egypt veto power over projects on the Nile in an agreement. Recently, Ethiopia began constructing a large dam for hydroelectric power, worrying Egypt and causing disputes. In 2015, Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia signed an agreement regarding the dam, but critical issues around water sharing remain unresolved and the Nile continues to be a geopolitical issue.
The New Agreement Between Putin and Netanyahuiakovosal
1) Russia and Israel have developed good relations in the 21st century as they see Turkey and Qatar-backed Islamists as a common enemy. 2) Netanyahu agreed to make the Russian state-owned company Gazprom a major partner in Israel's Leviathan natural gas field. 3) This deal is likely an attempt to gain Russian protection against Iranian and Hezbollah threats in Syria, as Russia now has a strong military presence there. However, it may also strain Israel's key alliance with the United States.
The American-Russian Price War for Natural Gasiakovosal
The document discusses perspectives on potential competition between US and Russian natural gas exports to Europe. It notes that while some analysts predict a price war, the Foreign Affairs article asserts the situation will be more complex. US LNG may displace some Russian and Norwegian/Algerian gas in western Europe, but a large portion could go to Asian countries like Japan and South Korea, who highly value LNG imports. The main effects may involve various gas exporters adjusting to new market conditions rather than a simple US-Russia price war.
The importance of the Southeastern Mediterranean hydrocarbons to the EUHarris Samaras
Taking into account the growing hydrocarbon demand worldwide and the decreasing indigenous production in Europe, it will require huge efforts and substantial investments of the suppliers to mobilize these fuels in time. Besides, when assessing supply options, it has to be kept in mind that competition for supply will become far stiffer especially from North America, China and the emerging economies of South-East Asia.
The vulnerability of the EU to energy supply risks is a fact but this could be no more! If the most conservative data is taken into account in regard to the hydrocarbon reserves existing in the EEZs of Israel, Cyprus and Greece and the rest that lie within the Southeastern Mediterranean, for the first time ever in European Energy History, the EU could be guaranteed an uninterrupted supply of a traditional energy source.
The challenge ahead for the EU is to manage these new variables in the equation of the Southeastern Mediterranean region with ultimate responsibility and Europeanism so as to guarantee and improve the prospects, economic and social, of its citizens. Moreover, these hydrocarbon discoveries are bound to serve as a catalyst toward greater cooperation amongst the participating countries. The joint exploitation between these countries and the launching of joint projects has the potential to change the whole political and economic scene of the entire region to the better.
Political risks in Global Energy: from "Resource Nationalism" to "Molecules o...energystate
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2. Many times in the past I have written about the cooperation between Cyprus
and Israel in the energy and defense sector. Israel and Cyprus have adjacent
gas fields, and the American energy company Noble Energy is developing
the gas fields of both countries, which makes their exploitation a lot cheaper
and leaves a lot more room for profit. Moreover Israel and Cyprus have a
defense pact against Turkey.
Map 1 Israeli, Cypriot and Egyptian Gas Fields
3. Israel and Cyprus are hoping to construct common pipeline networks, which
will transfer their gas to one of the 3 players who can absorb large quantities
of gas i.e. Egypt, Turkey or the European Union. Israel and Cyprus are small
countries, while Egypt and Turkey both have a population of 80 million
people, and the European Union has a population of 500 million people.
Moreover the two countries have discussed the possibility of constructing an
LNG plant in Cyprus, in order to export their gas in liquid form.
Map 2
Before moving on with the Cypriot-Israeli interests, I must say once more
that there is a huge Turkish-Russian conflict running at the background, with
Russia supplying Turkey with 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year, and
Turkey desperately trying to find alternative sources of gas, in order to
reduce her dependency on Russia. As you can read at the following Al
4. Monitor article, the main gas contracts between Turkey and Russia are
expiring in 2020. See Al Monitor
“How the PKK is Entering Energy Wars”, March 2016
5th
Paragraph
That timing would be perfect, as some of Turkey’s major gas contracts with Russia
expire in 2020, including the Blue Stream deal for 16 billion cubic meters, and half of the
western route contracts that cover 4 billion cubic meters. In short, if everything goes as
planned, Ankara hopes to get rid of Putin’s noose in several years.
http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/03/turkey-israel-pkk-
shadow-player-energy-wars.html
Gazprom’s site says that the contract for the Blue Stream Pipeline, which
carries 16 billion cubic meters of Russian gas to Turkey each year through
the Black Sea, expires in 2022. See Gazprom.
Blue Stream
History
On December 15, 1997 Russia and Turkey signed an intergovernmental agreement.
Under the agreement Gazprom and Turkish Botas inked the contract stipulating that 365
billion cubic meters of gas should be supplied to Turkey via Blue Stream during 25 years.
http://www.gazprom.com/about/production/projects/pipelines/blue-stream/
What is important is not whether the contracts are expiring in 2020, 2021 or
2022. What is important is the race between Turkey and Russia, with Turkey
trying to find new sources of gas, and Russia trying to block her, either by
using Armenia and Iran to threat Azerbaijan, or by using the Kurds of
Turkey (PKK) to block the Iraq-Turkey and the Iran-Turkey pipelines, or by
5. using the Alawites and Kurds of Syria to block the Qatar-Turkey pipeline, or
by using Hezbollah to threat Israel. Note that Turkey could use the Azeri,
Iranian, Iraqi, Qatar and Israeli gas, not only to substitute the Russian gas
that reaches Turkey through the Black Sea (Blue Stream) and Ukraine
(Trans-Balkan), but also to export gas to Europe. And we all know how
addicted Russia is on her exports to Europe.
Map 3
Map 4
6. You might think that Russia is acting like a pimp, and you would be right.
But Russia is not an exception. The same is true for Turkey and Qatar, that
support ISIS, but also for Iran, which many times in the past has supported
Al-Qaeda. Therefore it is ridiculous for the Turks and the Iranians to talk
about ethics.
But let me go back to Israel and Cyprus. The construction of common
pipelines, and the export of gas, is a common objective for both the Cypriots
and the Israelis. But Cyprus and Israel face a huge difference in their foreign
policy. Turkey is the main geopolitical threat for Cyprus, while Iran is the
greatest threat for Israel. Therefore it is very difficult for the two countries to
completely synchronize their foreign policies.
7. There are discussions between Cyprus and Turkey, in order for the two
countries to solve the decade long disputes over North Cyprus, which is
under Turkish occupation since 1974. Cyprus has a motive to strike a deal
with Turkey before the Turkish-Russian conflict is resolved, because the
more Turkey needs Cyprus, and the more desperate Turkey is for alternative
sources of gas, the more she will be willing to offer Cyprus, in order for
Cyprus to accept an Israel-Cyprus-Turkey pipeline. Because Syria and
Lebanon do not recognize Israel, and there is no way they will accept such a
pipeline.
However things are quite different for the Israelis. The Israelis do not want
to go ahead with an Israeli-Turkish pipeline while there is so much tension
between Russia and Turkey. The main threat Israelis face is Hezbollah in
South Lebanon, and Hezbollah is supported by Iran. But Hezbollah would
also be supported by Russia if the Israelis were to sell gas to the Turks. The
Israelis have given Gazprom stakes in their second largest gas field, the
Tamar, and they also hope to give Gazprom stakes in their largest gas field,
the Leviathan, in order to jointly export gas, whether that is to Egypt, Turkey
or the European Union. That way the Russians will be happy with the
Israelis, and in return for their help they will not interfere in their fight with
Hezbollah and Iran.
Therefore speed is good for the Cypriots when it comes to their discussions
with Turkey, but it does not help the Israelis. The recent ruling of the highest
Israeli court, which rejected the agreement between Israel and the American
Noble Energy for Leviathan gas field, seems to be very convenient for the
Israelis, even though Netanyahu was supposedly disappointed with it. Noble
8. Energy would have the Leviathan gas ready by 2019, but the court ruling
will delay the project by at least one year. For the Israeli court ruling see
World Tribune. I do not have proofs that the Israeli court makes life hard for
Noble Energy in order to ensure Russian support for Israel, but that’s what it
does.
“Israel Court ruling seen as threat to U.S. energy firm”, March 2016
2nd
Paragraph
The ruling was a major setback for U.S.-based Noble Energy, which could delay the
firm’s $6 billion natural gas project off the coast of Israel for as much as a year. The
project was expected to start up in 2019.
http://www.worldtribune.com/israel-court-ruling-seen-as-threat-to-u-s-
energy-firm/
See also “Israel, Russia and the Leviathan Gas Field”.
https://iakal.wordpress.com/2016/03/28/israel-russia-and-the-leviathan-gas-
field/
There is Egypt too of course. The largest gas field of the Eastern
Mediterranean Sea was discovered in Egypt in August 2015 i.e. the Zohr
fied. Turkey and Egypt are currently at war, but the Zohr field might make
the difference, if the two countries agree that Egypt exports gas to Turkey.
The Turks have already said that they would be willing to consider
normalizing their relations with Egypt, if Egypt accepted to relax her stance
towards the Egyptian Islamists. See the friendly to the Turkish government
Daily Sabah.
9. “Normalization of relations between Turkey, Egypt possible if conditions
fulfilled”, December 2015
3rd
Paragraph
Erdoğan gave a statement to the media in April while returning from a visit to Tehran
and listed four conditions that need to be met before Turkey would be willing to
normalize ties with Egypt. The first is the immediate release of Morsi, followed by an
annulment of all capital sentences given to supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood, which
have been handed out to thousands of political opponents of the coup regime and now
face execution in Egypt. Third, Erdoğan said Egypt needed to release all political
prisoners, nearly 18,000 people. Lastly, all bans on political parties must be lifted so that
a normal democratic process may flourish.
http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2015/12/19/experts-normalization-
of-relations-between-turkey-egypt-possible-if-conditions-fulfilled
For the Egyptians and the Cypriots the main enemy is Turkey, while for the
Israelis and the Saudis the main enemy is Iran. Therefore in this energy
game with Turkey, the Israelis, the Cypriots and the Egyptians perceive the
time factor in a very different way.
I must also say that the Egyptians hope to have the Zohr gas flowing by
2017, as you can read at Reuters.
“Egypt's giant Zohr gas field aims to start output in 2017”, November 2015
http://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-investment-egypt-gas-
idUSL3N12X4DX20151102
10. “Normalization of relations between Turkey, Egypt possible if conditions
fulfilled”, December 2015
3rd
Paragraph
Erdoğan gave a statement to the media in April while returning from a visit to Tehran
and listed four conditions that need to be met before Turkey would be willing to
normalize ties with Egypt. The first is the immediate release of Morsi, followed by an
annulment of all capital sentences given to supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood, which
have been handed out to thousands of political opponents of the coup regime and now
face execution in Egypt. Third, Erdoğan said Egypt needed to release all political
prisoners, nearly 18,000 people. Lastly, all bans on political parties must be lifted so that
a normal democratic process may flourish.
http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2015/12/19/experts-normalization-
of-relations-between-turkey-egypt-possible-if-conditions-fulfilled
For the Egyptians and the Cypriots the main enemy is Turkey, while for the
Israelis and the Saudis the main enemy is Iran. Therefore in this energy
game with Turkey, the Israelis, the Cypriots and the Egyptians perceive the
time factor in a very different way.
I must also say that the Egyptians hope to have the Zohr gas flowing by
2017, as you can read at Reuters.
“Egypt's giant Zohr gas field aims to start output in 2017”, November 2015
http://www.reuters.com/article/mideast-investment-egypt-gas-
idUSL3N12X4DX20151102