Diabetes mellitus is spreading around the world, penetrating populations not only in poor and developing countries, but also in developed ones. Propolis, a complex resinous material collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of certain plant sources, containing flavonoids pinocebrin, galangin, chrysin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
The use of propolis as an alternative healing therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus has been claimed to alleviate the disease. Previous studies state that propolis improves normal homeostasis by balancing the body’s condition through the enhancement of the immune system. The histological analysis of the liver shows that at a dose of 50–200 mg/kg BW propolis does not show a toxic effect so that the dose is categorized safe.
Therefore, the ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract warrant further studies as an antidiabetic agent that is safe for humans.
This document discusses the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their causes. It notes an alarming increase in neurological diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, dementia, autism, and more. It attributes these increases to factors like a sedentary lifestyle, artificial sweeteners, pesticides, MSG, vaccines, gut dysbiosis, vitamin D deficiency, and electromagnetic radiation. The rise of NCDs is predicted to bankrupt healthcare systems by 2030. Several drugs and food additives are also discussed as potentially contributing to conditions like heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. The document explores links between these environmental triggers, gut health, and immune function.
Free radicals are electron missing atoms or molecules. It is very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction like snowball.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell. The rule of antioxidants is to give electrons to free radicals and neutralize its destructive effects especially on the DNA.
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON THE KIDNE...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
THE KIDNEY OF WISTAR RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, SABASTINE AZ3, MUSA TL4, OYEPATA PJ2
8 million women and 2 million men in the US are diagnosed with osteoporosis. The document discusses the history of defining and diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia, and how drug companies worked to expand the definition of osteopenia to increase the market for osteoporosis drugs like Fosamax. Long term use of Fosamax has been linked to spontaneous bone fractures through impaired bone healing. Lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and vitamin D can help promote strong bones.
"Insulin Independence" Summit on Capitol HillDavid Edelman
This document summarizes an international summit focused on achieving insulin independence for type 1 diabetes. The summit discussed:
- Differences between mouse and human islets that make curing diabetes in humans more complex than mice. Both immune protection and beta cell regeneration are needed.
- Existing therapies like immune tolerance agents that provide short term remission but long term regeneration is also needed to reverse the disease.
- New research showing pancreatic ducts can be transformed into insulin producing islets, but these need immune protection to survive.
- The summit aimed to advance both immune tolerance therapies and regeneration therapies to address the underlying causes of type 1 diabetes and ultimately achieve insulin independence.
1) Second-generation S1P receptor agonists being developed for multiple sclerosis are showing similar cardiovascular side effects to Gilenya in clinical trials, despite being designed to be more specific for the S1PR1 receptor.
2) Dosing and pharmacokinetics, rather than receptor specificity, may be more important for avoiding cardiac effects. Slower time to peak drug levels or dose titration may reduce side effects.
3) Novartis is exploring dose titration in Phase II trials of its second-generation compound siponimod, and sees less pronounced heart rate reductions and fewer arrhythmias with titration compared to stable dosing.
Diabetes mellitus is spreading around the world, penetrating populations not only in poor and developing countries, but also in developed ones. Propolis, a complex resinous material collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of certain plant sources, containing flavonoids pinocebrin, galangin, chrysin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester.
The use of propolis as an alternative healing therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus has been claimed to alleviate the disease. Previous studies state that propolis improves normal homeostasis by balancing the body’s condition through the enhancement of the immune system. The histological analysis of the liver shows that at a dose of 50–200 mg/kg BW propolis does not show a toxic effect so that the dose is categorized safe.
Therefore, the ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract warrant further studies as an antidiabetic agent that is safe for humans.
This document discusses the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their causes. It notes an alarming increase in neurological diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, dementia, autism, and more. It attributes these increases to factors like a sedentary lifestyle, artificial sweeteners, pesticides, MSG, vaccines, gut dysbiosis, vitamin D deficiency, and electromagnetic radiation. The rise of NCDs is predicted to bankrupt healthcare systems by 2030. Several drugs and food additives are also discussed as potentially contributing to conditions like heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. The document explores links between these environmental triggers, gut health, and immune function.
Free radicals are electron missing atoms or molecules. It is very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction like snowball.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell. The rule of antioxidants is to give electrons to free radicals and neutralize its destructive effects especially on the DNA.
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON THE KIDNE...oyepata
SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum canum ON
THE KIDNEY OF WISTAR RATS
JOSEPH OS*1, BUILDERS M1, JOSEPH OT2, SABASTINE AZ3, MUSA TL4, OYEPATA PJ2
8 million women and 2 million men in the US are diagnosed with osteoporosis. The document discusses the history of defining and diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia, and how drug companies worked to expand the definition of osteopenia to increase the market for osteoporosis drugs like Fosamax. Long term use of Fosamax has been linked to spontaneous bone fractures through impaired bone healing. Lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and vitamin D can help promote strong bones.
"Insulin Independence" Summit on Capitol HillDavid Edelman
This document summarizes an international summit focused on achieving insulin independence for type 1 diabetes. The summit discussed:
- Differences between mouse and human islets that make curing diabetes in humans more complex than mice. Both immune protection and beta cell regeneration are needed.
- Existing therapies like immune tolerance agents that provide short term remission but long term regeneration is also needed to reverse the disease.
- New research showing pancreatic ducts can be transformed into insulin producing islets, but these need immune protection to survive.
- The summit aimed to advance both immune tolerance therapies and regeneration therapies to address the underlying causes of type 1 diabetes and ultimately achieve insulin independence.
1) Second-generation S1P receptor agonists being developed for multiple sclerosis are showing similar cardiovascular side effects to Gilenya in clinical trials, despite being designed to be more specific for the S1PR1 receptor.
2) Dosing and pharmacokinetics, rather than receptor specificity, may be more important for avoiding cardiac effects. Slower time to peak drug levels or dose titration may reduce side effects.
3) Novartis is exploring dose titration in Phase II trials of its second-generation compound siponimod, and sees less pronounced heart rate reductions and fewer arrhythmias with titration compared to stable dosing.
Stem cell therapy first successful in treatment of type 1 diabetesDoriaFang
1. Vertex Pharmaceuticals announced the first successful case of stem cell therapy treating type 1 diabetes. A patient achieved stable recovery of islet cell function after receiving VX-880, pancreatic islet cells derived from stem cells.
2. VX-880 aims to restore glucose regulation by providing islet cells to produce insulin, replacing insulin injections. No serious side effects have been reported.
3. Stem cell therapy offers advantages over traditional diabetes treatments by repairing pancreatic islet function, allowing patients to reduce or stop insulin use and better control blood sugar levels.
A much-quoted aphorism in medicine is “Listen to your patient and they are telling you the diagnosis”. Most often, the history reveals the diagnosis and sometimes, it is all that is required to make the diagnosis. Unfortunately, in this age of modern technology-based medicine, many busy clinicians fail to get a proper history and miss important dots in the history that connect to the diagnosis. This is clinically relevant, as a specific diagnosis completely alters the nature of treatment and thereby improves prognosis.
Insulin is protein hormone with 51 amino acids. It is very important hormone in the human body that regulates blood sugar level. Excess and deficiency of insulin leads to many long lasting abnormalities. Diabetes is one of biggest problem of this era. According to latest survey Pakistan rank first in the Diabetes Mellitus. Insulin also play many other functions other than regulating blood sugar. It affects on the whole physiology of the body.
6 non infectiousdiseases&geneticengineeringNELO TRAVER
Diabetes type 1 is caused by the body's failure to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Grandmother Lola's diabetes is type 2, which results from the body's resistance to insulin. While current treatment involves insulin injections, researchers are exploring the possibility of using stem cells to regenerate beta cells and potentially cure diabetes type 1. However, embryonic stem cell research remains controversial due to ethical concerns regarding the use of human embryos.
This document describes a proposed artificial intelligence (AI) application that uses reinforcement learning to predict optimized insulin dosages for type 1 diabetes patients. The application would use data continuously collected from continuous glucose monitors and activity bands to understand the patient's environment. A reinforcement learning algorithm was developed to automatically integrate data and represent temporal goals and individual profiles. The strategy was tested using a simulator and demonstrated regulation of basal and post-prandial insulin levels for single meal experiments. The application aims to more accurately predict insulin needs than conventional preset dosing and avoid issues like hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
This presentation summarizes Islet Sciences' strategy to address diabetes through early diagnosis, protection of insulin-producing cells, and transplantation of encapsulated porcine islets. Key points include developing a diagnostic test to detect beta cell DNA in blood to identify diabetes at an early stage, using Lysofylline to protect insulin cells from immune attack, and transplanting encapsulated pig islets to treat diabetes without immunosuppression. The company has partnerships with academic institutions and received grants to support its work. Financial statements show $3.5M in assets and $4.3M in liabilities as of January 2015.
The document discusses various methods for treating diabetes through replacing or regenerating insulin-producing cells, including pancreas and islet cell transplantation, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy. Pancreas transplantation provides the best outcomes but requires lifelong immunosuppression. Islet cell transplantation has improved but success rates decline over time. Stem cells show promise for treating both type 1 and type 2 diabetes by replenishing beta cells, but challenges remain around immune responses and insulin resistance. Gene therapy also offers potential for treating diabetes by replacing insulin genes or suppressing autoreactive immune cells. Further research is still needed but cell and gene-based therapies may eventually provide cures or better treatment options than current insulin management approaches.
Alterations of Hepcidin and Interleukin in Diabeticsasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study was done to determine the levels of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetics. Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 diabetics and 100 apparently normal subjects of the same age group 40–70. The levels of hepcidin and IL-6 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The level of hepcidin and IL-6 significantly increased in the diabetics when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study probably indicated a significant increase in serum IL-6 and hepcidin levels in patients with diabetics.
This clinical trial demonstrated persistent graft function and regulated insulin secretion in a patient with type 1 diabetes who received an allogeneic islet transplant using a novel oxygenated chamber system without immunosuppression. The patient showed basal C-peptide production and stimulated insulin response over 10 months. The chamber protected the islets from immune rejection while continuously supplying oxygen. This approach may enable widespread application of islet and other cell-based therapies by overcoming limitations of donor availability and need for immunosuppression.
This document discusses obesity and its effects on the immune system and gastrointestinal hormones. It begins with background on the obesity epidemic and its health consequences. It then summarizes research showing decreases in natural killer cells and invariant natural killer T cells in obesity. GLP-1 therapy is shown to improve inflammation and restore immune cell populations in diabetes patients, working at least partly independently of weight loss. The document also discusses interactions between gastrointestinal hormones like PYY and the immune system.
Vitamin D is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and plays an important role in bone health and cellular functions throughout the body. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Deficiency is linked to increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D receptors exist in most cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has wide-ranging effects, including roles in immune function, cell growth regulation, and reduction of inflammation. Adequate vitamin D levels may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Joslin Diabetes Center, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, is the world's largest institution devoted exclusively to diabetes and its complications. This document includes descriptions of select inventions available for licensing from Joslin, along with links to more detailed descriptions and a listing of Joslin's entire invention portfolio.
1. World Egg Day was launched in 1996 by the International Egg Commission to raise global awareness of the nutritional benefits of eggs and promote their consumption.
2. Eggs are highly nutritious, containing important proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. They are particularly rich in choline and lutein/zeaxanthin, which are essential for brain and eye health.
3. Research shows that regular egg consumption is not associated with increased heart disease risk and may even help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types of diabetes, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It provides details on type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance. Prevention methods like diet, exercise and weight control are covered. The document also discusses diagnosis, drug treatments, hospitals for diabetes treatment in India, World Diabetes Day, and myths about the disease.
This document provides information about chronic kidney disease (CKD). It discusses the definition and stages of CKD, causes and risk factors like diabetes and hypertension, clinical manifestations such as anemia and fluid retention, and the pathophysiology. It also covers the prevalence of CKD in India, recent research studies on genetic and cellular factors, and treatments including dietary modifications, dialysis, and kidney transplantation.
Diabetes is a multifactorial disease leading to several complications, and therefore demands a multiple therapeutic approach. Patients of diabetes either do not make enough insulin or their cells do not respond to insulin. In case of total lack of insulin, patients are given insulin injections. Whereas in case of those where cells do not respond to insulin many different drugs are developed taking into consideration possible disturbances in carbohydrate-metabolism. For example, to manage post-prandial hyper-glycaemia at digestive level, glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose are used. These inhibit degradation of carbohydrates there by reducing the glucose absorption by the cells. To enhance glucose uptake by peripheral cells biguanide such as metformin is used. Sulphonylureas, like glibenclamide, is insulinotropic and work as secretogogue for pancreatic cells. Although several therapies are in use for treatment, there are certain limitations due to high cost and side effects such as development of hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver toxicity etc. Based on recent advances and involvement of oxidative stress in complicating diabetes mellitus, efforts are on to find suitable antidiabetic and antioxidant therapy.
Medicinal plants are being looked upon once again for the treatment of diabetes. Many conventional drugs have been derived from prototypic molecules in medicinal plants. Metformin exemplifies an efficacious oral glucose-lowering agent. To date, over 400 traditional plant treatments for diabetes have been reported, although only a small number of these have received scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. The hypoglycemic effect of some herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal models of type 2 diabetes. The World Health Organization Expert Committee on diabetes has recommended that traditional medicinal herbs be further investigated. The present paper Reviews the Role of Insulike tablets developed by R&D cell of Lactonova Nutripharm Pvt Ltd. Hyderabad in the role of herbal nutraceutical drug INSULIKE, A nutriphenotypic approach for the treatment of diabetes.
Gastroprotective effect of flavonoid quercetin and coenzyme Q10 in indomethac...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells to produce energy. In diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas do not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond properly to insulin, causing glucose to build up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy. The main types of diabetes are type 1, an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys beta cells, and type 2 where the body can no longer produce sufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to diabetes risk.
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
This document provides an introduction and overview of in vitro and in vivo models used for antidiabetic activity. It begins with defining diabetes mellitus and the roles of insulin and the pancreas. It then discusses types of diabetes (type 1 and type 2), mechanisms of insulin action and adverse effects. Animal models of induced diabetes are described using alloxan, streptozotocin and dithizone. In vitro models for evaluating antidiabetic activity are also summarized, including tissue and cell culture systems to study mechanisms and toxicities.
Stem cell therapy first successful in treatment of type 1 diabetesDoriaFang
1. Vertex Pharmaceuticals announced the first successful case of stem cell therapy treating type 1 diabetes. A patient achieved stable recovery of islet cell function after receiving VX-880, pancreatic islet cells derived from stem cells.
2. VX-880 aims to restore glucose regulation by providing islet cells to produce insulin, replacing insulin injections. No serious side effects have been reported.
3. Stem cell therapy offers advantages over traditional diabetes treatments by repairing pancreatic islet function, allowing patients to reduce or stop insulin use and better control blood sugar levels.
A much-quoted aphorism in medicine is “Listen to your patient and they are telling you the diagnosis”. Most often, the history reveals the diagnosis and sometimes, it is all that is required to make the diagnosis. Unfortunately, in this age of modern technology-based medicine, many busy clinicians fail to get a proper history and miss important dots in the history that connect to the diagnosis. This is clinically relevant, as a specific diagnosis completely alters the nature of treatment and thereby improves prognosis.
Insulin is protein hormone with 51 amino acids. It is very important hormone in the human body that regulates blood sugar level. Excess and deficiency of insulin leads to many long lasting abnormalities. Diabetes is one of biggest problem of this era. According to latest survey Pakistan rank first in the Diabetes Mellitus. Insulin also play many other functions other than regulating blood sugar. It affects on the whole physiology of the body.
6 non infectiousdiseases&geneticengineeringNELO TRAVER
Diabetes type 1 is caused by the body's failure to produce insulin due to an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Grandmother Lola's diabetes is type 2, which results from the body's resistance to insulin. While current treatment involves insulin injections, researchers are exploring the possibility of using stem cells to regenerate beta cells and potentially cure diabetes type 1. However, embryonic stem cell research remains controversial due to ethical concerns regarding the use of human embryos.
This document describes a proposed artificial intelligence (AI) application that uses reinforcement learning to predict optimized insulin dosages for type 1 diabetes patients. The application would use data continuously collected from continuous glucose monitors and activity bands to understand the patient's environment. A reinforcement learning algorithm was developed to automatically integrate data and represent temporal goals and individual profiles. The strategy was tested using a simulator and demonstrated regulation of basal and post-prandial insulin levels for single meal experiments. The application aims to more accurately predict insulin needs than conventional preset dosing and avoid issues like hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
This presentation summarizes Islet Sciences' strategy to address diabetes through early diagnosis, protection of insulin-producing cells, and transplantation of encapsulated porcine islets. Key points include developing a diagnostic test to detect beta cell DNA in blood to identify diabetes at an early stage, using Lysofylline to protect insulin cells from immune attack, and transplanting encapsulated pig islets to treat diabetes without immunosuppression. The company has partnerships with academic institutions and received grants to support its work. Financial statements show $3.5M in assets and $4.3M in liabilities as of January 2015.
The document discusses various methods for treating diabetes through replacing or regenerating insulin-producing cells, including pancreas and islet cell transplantation, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy. Pancreas transplantation provides the best outcomes but requires lifelong immunosuppression. Islet cell transplantation has improved but success rates decline over time. Stem cells show promise for treating both type 1 and type 2 diabetes by replenishing beta cells, but challenges remain around immune responses and insulin resistance. Gene therapy also offers potential for treating diabetes by replacing insulin genes or suppressing autoreactive immune cells. Further research is still needed but cell and gene-based therapies may eventually provide cures or better treatment options than current insulin management approaches.
Alterations of Hepcidin and Interleukin in Diabeticsasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study was done to determine the levels of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetics. Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 diabetics and 100 apparently normal subjects of the same age group 40–70. The levels of hepcidin and IL-6 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The level of hepcidin and IL-6 significantly increased in the diabetics when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study probably indicated a significant increase in serum IL-6 and hepcidin levels in patients with diabetics.
This clinical trial demonstrated persistent graft function and regulated insulin secretion in a patient with type 1 diabetes who received an allogeneic islet transplant using a novel oxygenated chamber system without immunosuppression. The patient showed basal C-peptide production and stimulated insulin response over 10 months. The chamber protected the islets from immune rejection while continuously supplying oxygen. This approach may enable widespread application of islet and other cell-based therapies by overcoming limitations of donor availability and need for immunosuppression.
This document discusses obesity and its effects on the immune system and gastrointestinal hormones. It begins with background on the obesity epidemic and its health consequences. It then summarizes research showing decreases in natural killer cells and invariant natural killer T cells in obesity. GLP-1 therapy is shown to improve inflammation and restore immune cell populations in diabetes patients, working at least partly independently of weight loss. The document also discusses interactions between gastrointestinal hormones like PYY and the immune system.
Vitamin D is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and plays an important role in bone health and cellular functions throughout the body. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Deficiency is linked to increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D receptors exist in most cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has wide-ranging effects, including roles in immune function, cell growth regulation, and reduction of inflammation. Adequate vitamin D levels may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Joslin Diabetes Center, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, is the world's largest institution devoted exclusively to diabetes and its complications. This document includes descriptions of select inventions available for licensing from Joslin, along with links to more detailed descriptions and a listing of Joslin's entire invention portfolio.
1. World Egg Day was launched in 1996 by the International Egg Commission to raise global awareness of the nutritional benefits of eggs and promote their consumption.
2. Eggs are highly nutritious, containing important proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. They are particularly rich in choline and lutein/zeaxanthin, which are essential for brain and eye health.
3. Research shows that regular egg consumption is not associated with increased heart disease risk and may even help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types of diabetes, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It provides details on type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance. Prevention methods like diet, exercise and weight control are covered. The document also discusses diagnosis, drug treatments, hospitals for diabetes treatment in India, World Diabetes Day, and myths about the disease.
This document provides information about chronic kidney disease (CKD). It discusses the definition and stages of CKD, causes and risk factors like diabetes and hypertension, clinical manifestations such as anemia and fluid retention, and the pathophysiology. It also covers the prevalence of CKD in India, recent research studies on genetic and cellular factors, and treatments including dietary modifications, dialysis, and kidney transplantation.
Diabetes is a multifactorial disease leading to several complications, and therefore demands a multiple therapeutic approach. Patients of diabetes either do not make enough insulin or their cells do not respond to insulin. In case of total lack of insulin, patients are given insulin injections. Whereas in case of those where cells do not respond to insulin many different drugs are developed taking into consideration possible disturbances in carbohydrate-metabolism. For example, to manage post-prandial hyper-glycaemia at digestive level, glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose are used. These inhibit degradation of carbohydrates there by reducing the glucose absorption by the cells. To enhance glucose uptake by peripheral cells biguanide such as metformin is used. Sulphonylureas, like glibenclamide, is insulinotropic and work as secretogogue for pancreatic cells. Although several therapies are in use for treatment, there are certain limitations due to high cost and side effects such as development of hypoglycemia, weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, liver toxicity etc. Based on recent advances and involvement of oxidative stress in complicating diabetes mellitus, efforts are on to find suitable antidiabetic and antioxidant therapy.
Medicinal plants are being looked upon once again for the treatment of diabetes. Many conventional drugs have been derived from prototypic molecules in medicinal plants. Metformin exemplifies an efficacious oral glucose-lowering agent. To date, over 400 traditional plant treatments for diabetes have been reported, although only a small number of these have received scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. The hypoglycemic effect of some herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal models of type 2 diabetes. The World Health Organization Expert Committee on diabetes has recommended that traditional medicinal herbs be further investigated. The present paper Reviews the Role of Insulike tablets developed by R&D cell of Lactonova Nutripharm Pvt Ltd. Hyderabad in the role of herbal nutraceutical drug INSULIKE, A nutriphenotypic approach for the treatment of diabetes.
Gastroprotective effect of flavonoid quercetin and coenzyme Q10 in indomethac...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Diabetes is caused by the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells to produce energy. In diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas do not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond properly to insulin, causing glucose to build up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy. The main types of diabetes are type 1, an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys beta cells, and type 2 where the body can no longer produce sufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to diabetes risk.
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
This document provides an introduction and overview of in vitro and in vivo models used for antidiabetic activity. It begins with defining diabetes mellitus and the roles of insulin and the pancreas. It then discusses types of diabetes (type 1 and type 2), mechanisms of insulin action and adverse effects. Animal models of induced diabetes are described using alloxan, streptozotocin and dithizone. In vitro models for evaluating antidiabetic activity are also summarized, including tissue and cell culture systems to study mechanisms and toxicities.
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4study presented by a Big 4
MUTUAL FUNDS (ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund) BY JAMES RODRIGUESWilliamRodrigues148
Mutual funds are investment vehicles that pool money from multiple investors to purchase a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities. They are managed by professional portfolio managers or investment companies who make investment decisions on behalf of the fund's investors.
The E-Way Bill revolutionizes logistics by digitizing the documentation of goods transport, ensuring transparency, tax compliance, and streamlined processes. This mandatory, electronic system reduces delays, enhances accountability, and combats tax evasion, benefiting businesses and authorities alike. Embrace the E-Way Bill for efficient, reliable transportation operations.
Cleades Robinson, a respected leader in Philadelphia's police force, is known for his diplomatic and tactful approach, fostering a strong community rapport.
Osisko Development - Investor Presentation - June 24
Islet Sciences Company Highlights
1. Islet Sciences
COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS
Led by John Steel, Chairman, Interim CEO, Chief Scientfic Officer Jonathan Lakey, Ph.D., a renowned diabetes expert and co-
developer of the Edmonton Protocol and George J. Todaro, MD, Islet Sciences, Inc. is a development-stage biotechnology company
with patented and proprietary technologies focused on transplantation therapy for people with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Urgent Need. Diabetes is a devastating, lifelong condition that affects people of every age, race, and nationality, including
approximately 21 million Americans. It is the leading cause of kidney failure, blindness in adults, and amputations unrelated to injury.
More than half of Americans will have diabetes or be prediabetic by 2020 at a cost to the U.S. health care system of $3.35 trillion if
current trends go on unabated
Proof Of Concept. Islet Sciences’ therapeutic approach builds on 2001 research breakthroughs at the University of Alberta -
Edmonton. A team of Edmonton scientists led by Drs. James Shapiro and Jonathan Lakey developed methods for harvesting
pancreatic islet cells and then transplanting these insulin¬producing cells to patients. The Edmonton Protocol allowed the majority of
patients treated to become insulin-independent. However, there are two major scientific and medical challenges with the Edmonton
Protocol: [1] an inadequate supply of human donor tissue; and [2] the need for continuous immunosuppressive drugs to prevent
rejection of the transplanted islet cells.
Solution. The Company's technology comprises a proprietary microencapsulation process designed to reduce, and possibly eliminate,
the need for continuous immunosuppressive drugs. In pre-clinical primate studies, subjects continued to exhibit improved glycemic
control over a six-month period with transient immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted insulin-producing
islets.
High-Profile Collaborations. The Company has several important collaborations, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
Neostem, Diakine, University of Oxford, UK, University of Virginia, and the University of California and Progenitor Cell Therapy.
Significant Business Opportunity. Islet Sciences will initially focus on diabetic patients requiring kidney transplants as a result of
end stage renal disease brought on by their diabetes. There are 100,000 new cases of end stage renal disease reported each year that
result in approximately 16,000 kidney transplants annually. It is estimated that 40% of the transplant patients are diabetics who exhibit
better graft and patient survival if they receive islet cells at the same time as they receive their new kidneys. In addition, of the
200,000 patients currently living with kidney transplants, many could benefit from islet replacement therapy. If a total of 5,000 to
7,500 patients per year from either of these groups were to receive Islet Sciences’ transplantation therapy, at an average dosing price
of $100,000, Islet Sciences’ annual revenue opportunity could be $500 million to $750 million in the US market alone.
1"National Diabetes Fact Sheet, United States 2005, CDC" at www.cdc.diabetes.gov
Business Description. Islet Sciences, Inc. is a development-stage biotechnology company with patented technologies focused on
transplantation therapy for people with insulin-dependent diabetes. The Company's transplantation technology includes methods for
the culturing, isolation, maturation, and immuno-protection (microencapsulation) of islet cells. Islet Sciences’ mission includes the
introduction of commercial products with applications to cell-based replacement therapy in the healthcare marketplace. The traditional
treatment for Type 1 diabetes involves daily "fingerstick" monitoring of blood glucose levels throughout the day, with multiple daily
injections of insulin or its continuous infusion. This approach does not cure the disease nor its complications, and often is associated
with poor blood glucose control, which has a long-term deleterious effect on major organs.
Industry Background. According to the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF), an estimated 300 million people worldwide have
diabetes, 25 million in the US alone. Over 10 million people use insulin worldwide. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), diabetes is the fourth-leading cause of death in developed countries. Worldwide, there are an estimated 3.2 million diabetes-
related deaths every year. In the United States, in any given year between 1.5 and 2.0 million people suffer from insulin¬dependent,
Type 1 diabetes. Between 16 million and 19 million people are estimated to have Type 2 diabetes. The cost of diabetes is enormous.
According to the IDF, as much as 10% of the world's healthcare budget is spent on diabetes-related maladies. Predominantly because
of complications, diabetes represents over $200 billion in U.S. healthcare costs.
2. Current Therapies. Individuals suffering from insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes, suffer from an autoimmune disorder where the
immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas. These cells are created shortly after birth and cannot
repair themselves once damaged. Patients need multiple daily injections of insulin and have to perform glucose monitoring via
"fingerstick" blood sampling many times each day. Obviously, many patients fail to properly adhere to these onerous demands, and
even strict adherence does not guarantee protection from long-term complications like kidney failure, blindness, heart attack, stroke,
amputations, etc. By normalizing blood glucose levels, a successful Islet Sciences product would avert the long-term complications
mentioned above, and eliminate the need for such constant injections and monitoring.
Islet Sciences’ Science
The Edmonton Protocol, a Proof Of Concept
A research team at the University of Alberta (that was led by Islet Sciences' CSO Dr. Jonathan Lakey) managed to reverse diabetes in
scores of patients by transplanting them with human pancreatic islet cells. By June 2002, the "Edmonton Protocol" had been
performed on more than 130 patients -and 85% of the original patients remained insulin-free for one year or more following the
transplant. The Edmonton Protocol is recognized worldwide as one of the most significant advances in diabetes treatment.
Hurdles Overcome By Islet Sciences’ Approach
The Edmonton Protocol faces three major obstacles that prevent it from helping a broader group of patients with insulin-dependent
diabetes: [1] the inadequate supply of human donor tissue; [2] the need for continuous immuno-suppressive drugs to prevent rejection
of the transplanted human islet cells. Islet Sciences’ scientific approach could overcome these three obstacles; [3] the Edmonton
Protocol is a difficult procedure. Islet Sciences' developmental products use pathogen-free porcine islets, which are in abundant
supply. In addition, the Company encapsulates islets to minimize immune rejection and the need for immunosuppressive therapy.
When successfully proven, this scientific approach may allow transplantation to become a preferred therapy for insulin¬dependent
diabetes.
Islet Sciences is developing a vialed suspension of microencapsulated porcine islets for implantation into the abdominal cavity using a
minimally invasive procedure. Microencapsulation involves surrounding islet cells with formulations of a highly biocompatible, ultra-
pure biopolymer, called alginate, or other similar biocompatible polymers. The alginate coating allows insulin, glucose, oxygen and
other nutrients to diffuse freely, while blocking antibodies and reducing the patient's immune response to the implanted islet cells. Islet
Sciences-PTM will provide physiologic and self-regulating blood glucose control, thus reducing the need for insulin injections or
infusions and constant blood glucose monitoring. In addition, there exists an opportunity to mitigate the long-term complications
associated with the disease.
Antibodies Blocked
Alginate Coating
Glucose, Oxygen and Poly-amino Acid Membrane
Other Nutrients Diffuse
Freely Alginate Core (liquefied)
Islet
Lymphocyters Blocked
Insulin Diffuses Freely
3. Porcine Cells -A Mission-Critical Supply Agreement
The use of porcine-derived biologic materials is established in human therapeutics, including insulin and heart valves. FDA requires
that porcine islets used in clinical studies for transplantation in humans come from designated pathogen free (DPF) pigs raised in a
U.S. Department of Agriculture certified facility. Progenitor cell therapy is our GcMP manufacturing partner through
commercialization and marketing. PCT has unique expertise in FDA required cell processing.
ENCAPSULATED ISLET CELLS
Patented Technologies
Islet Sciences’ patent estate is focused on enabling and protecting the first commercially viable cure for Type 1 diabetes. The
Company has delivered, and continues to develop, a wide range of intellectual property advances to meet this goal. The advances
detail improved methods and devices for the production of viable microencapsulated cells for human transplantation. These
innovations cover culturing, isolation, maturation and encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Internally, Islet Sciences’ scientists have
further refined such techniques into what we believe to be the first commercial practical transplantation treatment for diabetes.
Recognizing that multiple technologies will be needed to successfully commercialize an encapsulation product, our staff actively
invents in other vital areas, including: 1) accurate dosing of a patient via improved quantification methods of functioning islets, 2)
biocompatibility advances designed to improve patient acceptance of the capsules, 3) co-encapsulation of agents to enhance islet
survival and function, 4) modifiable alginate polymers and polyelectrolyte compositions designed to improve; molecular diffusion
properties, capsule integrity, survivability, and functionality, 5) new controlled delivery systems for varied therapeutic applications,
including co-encapsulation, and, 6) innovative outer layer compositions allowing better adhesion properties and placement
dependability of microcapsules.
Islet Sciences believes these technologies represent state-of-the-art methods for the commercial production of vastly improved
microencapsulated islet cells, and thereby, the first potential transplantation therapy for diabetes patients worldwide. Finally, the
uniqueness of our capsules, and their compatibility with various cell types, may expand our probable markets into transplantation
opportunities beyond diabetes.
Development Strategy: Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation is the removal of an organ or tissue from one species of animal and transplanting it to a member of another
species. For example, porcine heart valves have long been successfully implanted in humans, and this is now considered routine. Islet
Sciences’ studies utilize encapsulated porcine islet cells and will be the basis of the company's product, Islet Sciences-P™.
Why The Islet Sciences Solution?
Non-Encapsulated Human Islet Approach Porcine Islet Approach
Limited Supply Supply Not Limited; Controllable
Origin and Timing Uncertain Origin Known, Planning Possible
Chronic Immunosuppression Therapies Necessary Reduced or No Immunosuppression Required
More Invasive Minimally Invasive
Islets Are Less Pure, Less Stable Preparations of Greater Purity, Higher Quality, More Stable
4. Business Model
Strategic Focus
In capitalizing on its proprietary intellectual property, Islet Sciences has focused on three major diabetes market segments. The initial,
primary emphasis is on high-risk patient populations. This includes diabetic kidney transplant patients, as well as patients with poorly
controlled, complicated instances of Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of End Stage Renal Disease, or ESRD, accounting
for an estimated 44% of new cases each year. The patient population (and prospective business opportunity) is expanding, because
there are approximately 100,000 new cases of ESRD every year, adding up to greater than $4 billion in annual dialysis outlays.
According to the National Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse, the relationship between diabetes and ESRD is
reason enough to justify accelerated research toward new early-stage diabetes therapies. It is estimated that as many as 40% of Type 1
diabetes patients develop ESRD by age 50. In the absence of adequate and timely treatment by dialysis or transplantation, these
patients die.
Diabetes and Kidney Transplants
Islet Sciences’ immediate focus will target kidney transplant recipients as a "gateway" clinical application. Uncontrolled diabetes often
results in severe damage to a victim's kidneys. When the patient receives a kidney transplant, the same forces at work that destroyed
the original kidneys will soon start to work on the transplanted kidney(s), unless something is done to control the diabetic condition.
Islet Sciences Therapy
Islet Sciences’ technology involves the implantation of insulin-producing islets in the peritoneum using a minimally invasive
procedure.
Medical research indicates that there is an increase in the survival rate of diabetics with kidney transplants if they also receive a
pancreas transplant. Unfortunately, there is an extreme shortage of pancreas donors relative to the number of kidney transplants. In
2004, for instance, there were only 1,500 pancreas transplants performed vs. more than 15,000 kidney transplants. While available
pancreas organs are in short supply, they offer an insight into the benefit of islet transplantation therapy, which would serve as a
virtual proxy for pancreatic transplantation. A pancreas transplant in conjunction with a kidney transplant results in a significantly
higher patient survival rate. However, this is not feasible because of the limited supply of donor pancreases, Islets are more available,
as well as more easily administered.
It is clear to many that islet transplantation therapy can help reduce the long-term complications arising from diabetes, and reduce
health-care costs. The potential advantages for targeting this market include some significant patient benefits: better diabetes control;
improved quality of life; improved kidney graft survival; and improved survival. Islet Sciences management sees significant revenue
potential for Islet Sciences-PTM in the kidney transplant market. In the US market, Islet Sciences believes that Orphan status (a
government program that rewards the development of therapies for under-treated patient populations via tax breaks, expedited FDA
reviews, etc.) may be obtainable. Finally, the Company is confident that our products will be covered by health insurance, including
Medicare and private insurers.
old
The revenue potential for Islet Sciences is significant for this relatively small subset of diabetes patients. The prospective pricing is
currently unknown, but may range between $60,000 and $120,000 per procedure, at an estimated $100,000 per dose based on current
all graft reimbursement per patient, treatment of 5,000 patients represents $500 million in annual revenue potential. The annual
revenue opportunity could be a multiple of this figure, given the large number of prospective candidates for this therapy who are in the
pool of more than 150,000 living with kidney transplants. With expanded market acceptance and greater usage, an increased dosage
cost could yield even higher annual revenues.
5. Beyond ESRD and kidney transplant patients, secondary indications targeted by Islet Sciences may include more typical patients with
insulin-treated Type 1 diabetes. Other potential candidates for treatment include the two to four million people who are late-stage,
Type 2 insulin-dependent diabetics.
Clinical Approach
The microencapsulation of insulin-producing porcine islet tissues protects them from immune system rejection, while the use of a
minimally invasive procedure to implant the insulin-producing islets into the peritoneum enhances the safety profile of human testing.
Utilizing these advances, Islet Sciences has a clear, clinical strategy beginning with IAk patients and expanding into other difficult to
control diabetes states.
Existing Infrastructure
There are currently fifteen US domiciled clinical sights and at least another twenty globally pursuing versions of the 'Edmonton
Protocol'. As outlined previously the challenges of human islet transplantation are numerous preventing any commercially viable
economic or therapeutic opportunity.
Importantly, the medical centers currently pursuing Islet transplantation would be ideal for commercialisation and efficient
distribution of Islet’s first product and patient cohort.
Islet Sciences has an alliance with Progenitor Cell Therapy, a divisionof Neostem, to provide FDA required clinical grade product
continuously through commercialization and marketing the typical middleman distribution and marketing function
could be eliminated. There are tens of thousand of IAK patients as patients in the various domestic centers; PCT
produced product could be continuously shipped to sights based on significant demand and need. The National
Institutes of health, NIH -underwrites much of the science and new therapeutics application at these designated
medical sights for clinical islet transplantion, and has guidance that additional grant funding will be mad available
for product in the clinic for T1Diabets
Currently the hospitals are performing human islet transplantation on an 'ad hoc' basis based on availability proper donor situation
with out Gcmp production.
Based on the anticipated IAK (?) therapeutic demand of 10,000 persons annually this would require 2 procedures daily, based on the
out patient minimally available procedure per sight.
Manufacturing
Progenitor Cell Therapy is our GcMP manufacturing partner through commercialization and marketing. PCT has unique expertise in
FDA required cell processing. Progenitor Cell Therapy (PCT) is a client-based cell therapy services company that supports the
development and commercialization of cellular therapies. PCT provides cGMP-compliant cell manufacturing and consulting services
that address regulatory, financial, technical, process, and quality system strategies. Services include a full spectrum of support and
consulting related to process and product development, validation, due diligence evaluations, tissue collection, processing, and
storage, product manufacturing, distribution and transportation.
Dr. Robert A. Preti, Ph.D. is PCT's Co-Founder, President, and Chief Scientific Officer of Progenitor Cell Therapy,, and a member
of NeoStem’s Board of Managers. He has held these positions since March 1999. Through his administrative duties, Dr. Preti has
overseen the growth of PCT from its inception to the world’s leading commercial cell therapy company.
Previous positions held by Dr. Preti include Scientific and Laboratory Director of Hackensack University Medical Center's stem cell
processing and research laboratory and Scientific Director of the Clinical Services Division at the New York Blood Center.
He is one of the country's leading authorities on cell engineering, advanced cell and gene therapy manufacturing, testing and delivery,
and regulatory aspects relating to the cell therapy and regenerative medicine industry. He has been the principal investigator for a
number of clinical trials relating to the clinical testing of cellular therapies. He is a frequently invited speaker at international and
national symposia and conferences, addressing a wide range of topics within his expertise in the clinical development programs for
cellular therapies, including the business, financial, logistic, and manufacturing, product development, testing, quality, and regulatory
aspects of successful commercialization.
6. Revenue Model
Assuming that ISLT begins its initial patient population proposed in the IND and begins wider distribution into the fifteen diabetes
centers and assuming a roll out of one thousand patients to, five thousand to, ten thousand and down the road, penetration into other
complicated diabetes patients starting in 2016.
And using the comparator of islet transplantation cost dynamic currently reimbursed for Pancreatitis of one hundred thousand per
procedure, the chart below indicates the potential for significant revenue growth.
$2,500,000,000
$2,000,000,000
$1,500,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$500,000,000
$0
1,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Per Procedure
7. Management and Board of Directors
George J. Todaro, MD
A renowned research scientist and medical doctor, Dr. Todaro co-authored the groundbreaking “Oncogene Theory” while at the
National Institute of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland in1969. The “Oncogene Theory” would became one of the foundations for
future cancer research. In the early 90s, as scientific director at Seattle-based PathoGenesis, he developed a treatment that has saved
the lives of countless cystic fibrosis patients. And, more recently, his focus has turned to biotechnology, where he is working to find
ways to increase the world’s food supply. Todaro can also add to his list of accomplishments that he was elected to the National
Academy of Sciences, was a professor and department head at the University of Washington, holds over 20 patents, and was named
one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of America in 1970.
Joel D. Perlin
Joel Perlin can be considered a veteran when it comes to the understanding and successful management of Type 1 Juvenile Diabetes.
He was diagnosed with the disease in early 1965 in Southern California. His doctors at that time knew little of how to live with and
successfully manage the disease. Mr. Perlin determined at that time the potential benefits associated with maintaining near normal
blood sugar levels to prevent complications. It was more than 20 years later this fact was established by The Diabetes Control and
Complications Trial (DCCT). Mr. Perlin has participated for more than four decades in many of the technological advances including
Insulin Pump therapy since 1983, Continuous Glucose Monitoring since 2006, along with the advances achieved with current insulin
therapy and continuous blood sugar finger testing. His knowledge and practice of living successfully with Type 1 Juvenile Diabetes
has long been a benefit to many other diabetics. Professionally, Mr. Perlin is a renowned numismatist and recognized expert in the
international physical gold coin trade. Since graduating from San Diego State in1969, Mr. Perlin has combined his unique skills and
knowledge with keen insight into the economic and financial factors affecting the precious metals trade. This business expertise has
resulted in highly successful and lucrative gold investment accounts for his clients who have consulted with him in financial affairs in
La Jolla, CA, for more than 40 years.
John Steel, Chairman, Interim CEO
Mr. John Steel is the President & CEO of Islet Sciences. Mr. Steel brings over twenty years of senior management and investment
experience in the healthcare services and biotechnology sector. In 1998, Mr. Steel founded MicroIslet, the firm that pioneered and
developed the technology that comprises Islet Sciences, and served as its Chairman and Chief Executive Office from September 1998
to 2002. From January 1996 to December 1997, Mr. Steel was Chief Executive Officer of AKESIS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a company
that developed a patented treatment for insulin resistance for Type II diabetes. From January 1987 to June 1990, Mr. Steel served as
the Vice President of Defined Benefit Inc., a company he founded in 1986 that provided financial services to health care professionals.
After Defined Benefit Inc., Mr. Steel was an active investor and consultant within numerous areas including early-stage biotechnology
and device companies through Steel Management. Mr. Steel himself is diagnosed with Type 1 Juvenile Diabetes and is actively
involved in fund raising for various diabetes research-related charities. Mr. Steel has recently chaired panels regarding the future of
diabetes for the California Insurance Commissioner. Mr. Steel is also a noted speaker on the topic of diabetes - including its
management, economics, and future opportunities for improvement in therapeutic modalities. Mr. Steel received his M.B.A. degree
with an emphasis in finance from the University of Southern California and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dartmouth College.
International Scientific Advisory Board
Chair - Dr. Jonathan Lakey, PhD - MSM
Dr. Jonathan Lakey has had a long history in cell and tissue transplantation with a focus on diabetes and islet transplantation. He
graduated from the University of Alberta (BSc, MSc, PhD) and received postdoctoral training in Indianapolis and Seattle before
returning to establish his research program at the University of Alberta. He is a former Director of the Comprehensive Tissue Bank.
His contributions and partnership with Dr. James Shapiro led towards the improvement of islet isolation techniques and the
development of the “Edmonton Protocol” for patients with Type 1 diabetes, a recognized major advancement in the treatment of
diabetes. He has been awarded research grants and awards for diabetes and transplantation research from the Alberta Heritage
Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR), Canadian Diabetes Association and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
(JDFI). Dr. Lakey is widely sought after as a speaker in the field of diabetes islet transplantation and regulatory standards of cell and
tissue transplantation. He has been widely published with over 250 referred scientific papers, 26 book chapters, submitted over 500
scientific abstracts, and has recently published a technical book on islet isolation. Among his proudest achievements, Dr. Lakey and
his team have successfully trained over 40 islet transplant centers worldwide in replicating the Edmonton Protocol, resulting in
diabetic patients being freed from exogenous insulin injections. He sits on editorial boards of several diabetes and transplantation
journals, reviews manuscripts for several journals, and has served as a Councilor for Cell Transplant Society. Currently, Dr. Lakey is
the Director of Research and Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of California, Irvine. He recently accepted the position
of Director of the Clinical Islet Program at the University of California, Irvine.
Paul Johnson, MBChB MD FRCS, President, IPITA
8. Director of Oxford Islet Transplant Programme and Professor of Paediatric Surgery, University of Oxford. Dr. Johnson also currently
serves as President of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association. Paul Johnson qualified in medicine from the
University of Leicester and subsequently trained in General Surgery in Leicester and Derby, followed by higher surgical training in
Paediatric Surgery in Oxford, Melbourne, and Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. Between 1993 and 1996 he was a Research
Fellow in the Department of Surgery at the University of Leicester, where he undertook a project on the Isolation of Human Islets of
Langerhans for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. This led to a Doctorate of Medicine and started his ongoing interest in the field of
Islet Transplantation for reversing Type 1 Diabetes. He was awarded a Hunterian Professorship from the Royal College of Surgeons of
England for this research in 1998. In 2002, Mr. Johnson was appointed Director of the Islet Transplant Programme in Oxford. He is
currently Chairman of the Research division of British Association of Paediatric Surgeons Research and Clinical Effectiveness
Committee, Founder of the UK Academic Paediatric Surgeons Group and Co-Secretary of the International Pancreas and Islet
Transplantation Association. He is also Clinical Tutor at St. Edmund Hall. He has an active research group and his research interests
include ways of optimizing the current methods used for islet isolation with particular reference to pancreatic structure and
collagenase, and the developmental biology of the pancreas and foregut with particular relevance to the use of adult stem cells as an
alternative source of islet tissue for transplantation. In addition to islet transplantation, his clinical interests include the neonatal and
paediatric pancreas (endocrine and exocrine), as well as other aspects of paediatric surgical gastroenterology.
Steven Paraskevas, MD PhD
Dr. Paraskevas is a transplant surgeon at McGill University Health Centre, specializing in pancreas and kidney transplantation.
Originally from Winnipeg, Dr. Paraskevas obtained a BA in Biology at Harvard University in 1988, and obtained his MD and
completed General Surgery Residency at McGill. During that time, he also studied mechanisms of cell death in transplanted human
islets, completing a PhD in Experimental Surgery at McGill in 2003. Based on this work, he also earned the Scientific Trainee Award
of the Canadian Diabetes Association in 1997. After residency, he completed a two-year fellowship in abdominal solid-organ
transplantation at the University of Minnesota, where he was also involved in the clinical islet transplant program under Dr. Bernhard
Hering. He returned to McGill in 2002 as Assistant Professor in Surgery, and member of the multi-organ transplant program. He is
currently Director of the Pancreas and Islet Transplant Program and of the Human Islet Isolation Laboratory at McGill. His current
research focuses on mechanisms of cell survival during ischemia and the effect of metabolic and inflammatory stress on engraftment
of human islets. He is a Councillor-at-large of the Canadian Society of Transplantation and Chair of the Cell Transplant Committee of
the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.
Miguel Riella, MD, PhD
Dr. Riella is a graduated of Federal University of Parana in Curitiba Brazil and has undertaken his post-graduate training in the United
States, first in Internal Medicine, Residency at Mount Sinai Hospital in NYC and then Research Renal Fellowship at the University of
Washington in Seattle, USA. His main interest has been in dialysis, particularly peritoneal dialysis and nutrition in uremia. More
recently his research work has been concentrated in the relationship of inflammation, uremia, nutrition and cardiovascular
complications. As part of his new RDH Research Center (Renal, Diabetes and Hypertension Research Center) he has recently
established the Islet Cell Laboratory for cell transplant in diabetic patients. Dr. Riella has published several books in Portuguese and
Spanish language in the area of Nephrology and Nutrition. He is a member of the executive committee of the International Society of
Nephrology and is the Chairman of the new ISN-Interventional Nephrology Committee. He is a member of the editorial board of
several medical journals, is the Associate Editor of Hemodialysis International and the co-editor of the Portuguese version of Kidney
International.
Jerry L. Nadler, MD
Dr. Nadler is Professor and Chairman of Internal Medicine, the Harry H. Mansbach Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine and Director
of the Strelitz Diabetes Center at Eastern Virginia Medical School. Dr. Nadler is also the Scientific Founder of Diakine, a seed stage
company developing therapies for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and related complications. Dr. Nadler is also a Pfizer Visiting Professor
in Diabetes. Dr. Nadler has been a member of a Special Advisory Committee on Type I Diabetes with the director of the National
Institutes of Health Diabetes Institute. Dr. Nadler was also the Associate Director of the NIH-funded Diabetes Endocrinology
Research Center at the University of Virginia. Dr. Nadler has research funding from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, The Ella
Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation and the Iacocca Foundation. He is a standing member of the ADA and NIH grant review
committees.