This document provides an introduction to intellectual property and covers several key topics. It defines intellectual property as the product of the mind expressed in tangible form that can be protected. It outlines two main categories of intellectual property as industrial property and copyright. The document also discusses intellectual property rights organizations, types of intellectual property including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and geographical indications. It provides details on these different types of intellectual property protections and concludes with benefits and problems of intellectual property rights.

1.  Ashaq Ahmad
 M.Sc 4th Semester
 SOS Env. Science
Jiwaji University,
Gwalior.

2.  Introduction to intellectual property.
 Categories Intellectual Property.
 Intellectual property Rights.
 World organizations.
 Benefits of IPR.
 Problems of IPR.
 References.

3.  Intellectual property is the product of mind.
 When expressed in tangible form they can be
protected.
 World IP Day is celebrated on April 26 and the theme
in 2016 was “Digital Creativity : Culture
Reimagined”.

4.  Two categories : industrial property and copy right.
 Industrial property :Patents, Trademark etc. In India it
comes under Ministry Of Commerce And Industry.
 Copyright covers Artistic work, Literacy works etc. It
comes under Ministry Of Human Resource
Development.

5.  IPRs have been created to protect the rights of an
individual to enjoy their creations and discoveries.
 Outlined in Article 27 of Universal Declaration Of
Human Rights.
 IPRs are largely territorial rights except Copyright,
which is global in nature.
 IPR can be assigned, gifted, sold, and licensed like
any other property.

6.  IPRs is a collective term includes the following
independent IP rights:
 Patents
 Copyright
 Trademark
 Geographical indications

7.  Government granted exclusive right to an inventor to
prevent others from practicing .Designed by Thomas
Jefferson in 1790.
 It is covered under the Act called the Patents Act,
1970 as amended by the Patents (Amendment) Act,
2005.
 It extends to the whole of the India.
 Patent offices are located at Kolkata, Mumbai,
Chennai and Delhi.

8.  Patent Information System (PIS) and IP Training
Institute (IPTI) located at Nagpur.
 Invention patentable if …
 New.
 Useful.
 Not obvious.

9.  Term of the patent is 20 years.
 Government fee for filing a patent application in
India is Rs. 750/- for individuals and Rs.3000 for
legal entities.
Types of patents
Plant patents.
Design patents.
Utility patents.

10.  Inventions which are injurious to public health.
 A process of treatment of human beings.
 Inventions related to atomic energy.
 A mathematical or business method.

11.  Copyrights was created to provide protection to
composers, writers, authors and artists to protect their
original work against those who copy.
 In India, The Copyright Act, 1957 amended in 1983,
1984, 1992, 1994 and 1999 is available.
 Registration can be done at the Office of the Registrar
of Copyrights in New Delhi.

12.  Protect the expression of idea not the idea itself.
 Copyright lasts for +50 years from the end of the
calendar year in which the author dies.

13.  A trademark is a symbol that helps to distinguish one
product or company from another.
 Symbols helps the consumers to identify products
and/or a company and includes shapes, numbers,
slogans, smell, sound or anything.
 Valid for 10 years which can be further renewed.
 The Govt. fee is Rs. 2500 for each class of goods or
services.

14.  A geographical indication is a sign used on goods that
have a specific geographical origin and possess
qualities or a reputation due to that place of origin.
 Registration of a GI :10 years and renewable.
 In India Geographical Indications Of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act 1999 is available.

15.  A trade secret is any information that gives a
company a competitive edge over competitors and
which the company maintains the secret and away
from public knowledge.
 Example is the coca cola company brand syrup
formula.
 A trade secret is not protected by federal law, can
only be protected through employment contracts.

16.  GATT- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
 TRIPS- Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights.
 WIPO- World Intellectual Property Organization.
 UPOV- International Union for Protection of New
Plant Varieties.
 WTO- World Trade Organization.

17.  It encourages and safeguards intellectual and artistic
creation.
 It encourages investments R&D efforts.
 It provides consumers with the result of creation and
inventions.

18.  IPR has encouraged monopolies, many takeovers
have been motivated by access to an IPR.
 It may adversely affect biological diversity.
 Indigenous knowledge may be claimed as inventions,
for profit to companies , and not to those who
generated it

19.  Singh B. D. (Biotechnology expending horizon fourth
reprint addition).
 www.vakilno1.com
 http://useinfo.state.gov/

20. Thank you