M2M communication, also known as machine-to-machine communication, involves data communication between devices without human intervention. It is enabling technologies like smart cities and intelligent transportation systems by allowing devices to collect and analyze data and trigger actions autonomously. The key components of an M2M system include M2M devices, area networks, gateways, communication networks, and applications. Main applications of M2M include smart homes, healthcare monitoring, fleet management, and smart grids. Security is a major concern in M2M communication especially with the increasing connectivity of devices.

1. IOT,Machine Type Communications
- Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Shun-Ping Chen
Presented By:
Saikiran Chittimilla
Chandu Pillalamarri
Preetam Chaugale

11. Introduction M2M
● Form of data communication that involves one or more entities
that do not necessarily require human interaction or intervention in
the process of communication
● Also known as Machine to Machine communication(M2M)
● The networking world is stepping toward a fully integrated Future
internet,which significantly increases the need for sophisticated
applications.

12. ● Smart city services should have the capability to analyze data and
provide instant real-time solutions for many applications in order to
promote positive outcomes.
● There are a lot of domains and environments in which M2M
communication is likely to improve the quality of our lives, such as smart
environments (home, office, and plant), transportation, and health care.
● The main driver for the evolution of M2M frameworks is the expected
increase in data volume and the number of connections, combined with
the desire to enable interoperability on a global scale.

13. Key Features of M2M

14. ● The utilization of M2M technology will lead to a more cost-effective
health care system, allowing people with health problems to better
manage their health, without disturbing their daily work and life.
● eHealth applications aggregate a set of biomedical measurements
from sensors connected to patients’ smartphones, to continually
monitor the status of the user.
● Through applying high-level analysis on these measurements, it will
allow the early discovery of any critical health condition and actuate
different actions according to the detected situation.

15. ● M2M communication technology will play a major role in developing
intelligent transportation systems (ITS) of people and goods.
● ITS aim to offer great opportunities in maximizing utilization of
roadways while minimizing fuel consumption, congestion, and the
environmental impact of vehicle traffic.
● Smart Buildings: Automating building management is one of the key
M2M applications aiming to implement more comfortable, convenient,
and secure environments.

16. ● With integrating proper sensors and actuators, different objects inside
the building could be controlled to handle time-consuming operations or
manage energy efficiency.
● For example, inside fires can be detected by monitoring smoke sensors.
Fire from the neighboring buildings can be detected by applying
advanced video recognition patterns to the outside video cameras.
Motion sensors can enable earthquake detection.
● All these data could be aggregated by an M2M gateway that can trigger
corresponding actions such as: playing a dedicated audio alarm to alert the
inhabitants, sending notification to the emergency authorities.

17. Architecture and components

18. ● M2M Device:
Device capable of replying to request for data contained within those
devices or capable of transmitting data autonomously
● M2M Area Network (Device Domain):
Provide connectivity between M2M Devices and M2M Gateways
e.g. personal area network.
● M2M Gateway:
Equipment that uses M2M capabilities to ensure M2M Devices inter-working and
interconnection to the communication network
● M2M Communication Networks (Network Domain):
communications between the M2M Gateway(s) and M2M application(s)
E.g. xDSL, LTE, and WLAN.

19. ● M2M applications:
where data goes through various application services and is used by the
specific business-processing engines.

20. V2X communication
● Exchange of data and information between vehicles and other entities.
● Different types:
- V2I (vehicle to infrastructure)
- V2V (Vehicle to vehicle)
- V2P (Vehicle to Pedestrian)

21. Platoon
● A method for driving a group of vehicles together.
● Reduces reacting distance needed for human reaction.
● Advantages:
- Greater fuel economy due to reduced air distance.
- on longer highway trips, less strain on drivers.
- Fewer traffic collisions.
● Disadvantages:
- Vehicles can be hacked, creating a hazardous situation.
- Drivers may be less attentive in adverse situations.

22. Vehicle to Infrastructure
communication
● Wireless exchange of data between vehicles and road infrastructure.
● Use cases:
- Road conditions
- Traffic congestion
- Lane marking

23. Smart Home
- Different devices in home can communicate with each other to make a home smart
Home.
- Protocols used could be Zigbee, Bluetooth etc.
- Smart lighting
- Pre-heating
- Situation and rule based functionality

24. Requirements for M2M
● Some of the main requirements for the M2M system, as specified by ETSI, are
given below:
- Delivery modes:
- The M2M system shall support unicast, multicast and broadcast
communication modes. Whenever possible a global broadcast should be
replaced by a multicast or unicast.
- Message communication path selection:
- M2M devices shall be able to optimize communication paths,
based on
Network cost, delays and transmission failures.

25. Requirements for M2M
- Abstraction of technologies heterogeneity:
- The M2M gateway shall be able to bridge the gap between
communication
Technologies.
- Communications integrity:
- The M2M system shall support mechanisms to assure
communications integrity
For M2M services.
- Logging:
- Situations like unsuccessful installation attempt, service not operating
etc.
Should be logged for diagnostic purposes.

26. Requirements for M2M
- Time Stamp:
- M2M devices shall support time stamping to make sure “Repeat
attack” doesn’t
take place.

27. Main Concern
- Security:
- V2V communication takes place with a lot of added security.
- SECOC :
- Secured onboard communication helps to calculate MAC(message
Authentication code) along with freshness value.

28. References:
https://www.postscapes.com/reviews-tag-presenttags-overview/
https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd/m2m-mtc-iot
https://www.netacad.com/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/machine-to-
machine-communication
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291337307_M2M_com
munication_concept