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An R&D Perspective
Traçabilité, sécurité, collaboration : ce que peut la blockchain pour l'IoT
Sara Tucci, Ph.D.
Head of Lab for Trustworthy,
Smart and Self-Organising
Information Systems
CEA LIST
Tuesday 10 July 2018
2
VIEWPOINT #1
incorporating IoT in blockchains applications
EnergyInsurance FoodFinance
IoT
interaction
3
Machines
economy
Decentralized
Interaction
MicropaymentsIdentity & Access
Management
Blockhain complexity
VIEWPOINT #2
incorporating blockchains in IoT applications
4
Two sides of the same coin?
VIEWPOINT #1
incorporating
IoT
in blockchains
applications
VIEWPOINT #2
incorporating
blockchains
in IoT
applications
5
WHEN YOU THINK “SYSTEM” CHALLENGES YOU FIND “VERY
COMMON” ONES
YOU SAY «I use the blockchain
to scale up to million of devices »
BUT is the blockchain SCALABLE?
YOU SAY «I use the blockchain
to prevent DDOS attacks,
malaware injection, IP forgery »
BUT are you sure this prevents to get false
information ? Or no information ?
YOU SAY «I use the blockchain
to securely trace transactions
among IoT devices »
BUT is the IoT device a blockchain node?
Resource constraints prevent to use even
classical asymmetric cryptography…
At the end you discover that you moved bottlenecks in the
blockchain…
6
THE TRIANGLE “CONJECTURE” [Slepak and Petrova. The DCS Theorem, 2018]
Autonomy Resilience/Security
Scale
Capacity of deciding
autonomously on the next
state
The system continues to
perform its behaviour even if
any single node is
removed/changes behaviour
Ability to maintain
performances while workload
increase by adding resources
Pick two
out of
three
7
R&D : SEEKING THE BEST TRADE-OFF, EXAMPLES…
A R
S
• Committee Consensus
• Tendermint [Buchman2015-18],
• RedBelly [Crain2017],
• Ouroboros [Kiayias2017],
• Algorand [Gilad2017]
• Sharding
• Omniledger [Kokoris2018]
• Ethereum Sharding
A R
S
+
A R
S
2-layer blockchain
• Lightning[Poon2017]
• Channel factories
[Decker2017]
8
R&D : SEEKING THE BEST TRADE-OFF, MORE EXAMPLES
A R
S
A R
S
+
A R
S
And other emerging approaches for federated
blockchains
• Cosmos [Kwon2017]
• Plasma [Poon2017]
• Polkadot [Wood2016]
• Interledger [Thomas2015]
9
But still R&D…not operational
so what to do in the meanwhile to build
IoT&blockchain applications?
10
THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER
ALL THE PIECES
 ORGANIZE YOUR ARCHITECTURE
A. Dorri et al. « Towards an Optimized BlockChain for IoT » IoTDI 2017, April 2017, Pittsburgh, PA USA
Transactions are generated by
users and devices to request or
share data
11
THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER
ALL THE PIECES
 QUALIFY AND AUDIT YOUR DATA
O. Gurcan et al. «An Industrial Prototype of Trusted Energy Performance Contracts Using BlockChain Technologies » IEEE Smart City 2018,, UK
Energy performance
contracts
12
THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER
ALL THE PIECES
 FIND THE ACCEPTABLE TRADE OFF
O. Gurcan et al. «An Industrial Prototype of Trusted Energy Performance Contracts Using BlockChain Technologies » IEEE Smart City 2018, UK
13
Takeaways
• IoT and blockchain are the two sides of a same ”system problem”
• Single technologies do not provide a universal solution
• System thinking is necessary
• R&D is needed and the following axes are now well-understood
• Federation of heterogenous blockchains
• Off-chain transactions
• Interoperability
• Interdisciplinarity: economical design of distributed protocols
• Clever engineering is still needed to come up with “good enough” systems
14
Thanks!Contact: sara.tucci@cea.fr

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IoT et blockchain : perspective R&D

  • 1. 1 An R&D Perspective Traçabilité, sécurité, collaboration : ce que peut la blockchain pour l'IoT Sara Tucci, Ph.D. Head of Lab for Trustworthy, Smart and Self-Organising Information Systems CEA LIST Tuesday 10 July 2018
  • 2. 2 VIEWPOINT #1 incorporating IoT in blockchains applications EnergyInsurance FoodFinance IoT interaction
  • 3. 3 Machines economy Decentralized Interaction MicropaymentsIdentity & Access Management Blockhain complexity VIEWPOINT #2 incorporating blockchains in IoT applications
  • 4. 4 Two sides of the same coin? VIEWPOINT #1 incorporating IoT in blockchains applications VIEWPOINT #2 incorporating blockchains in IoT applications
  • 5. 5 WHEN YOU THINK “SYSTEM” CHALLENGES YOU FIND “VERY COMMON” ONES YOU SAY «I use the blockchain to scale up to million of devices » BUT is the blockchain SCALABLE? YOU SAY «I use the blockchain to prevent DDOS attacks, malaware injection, IP forgery » BUT are you sure this prevents to get false information ? Or no information ? YOU SAY «I use the blockchain to securely trace transactions among IoT devices » BUT is the IoT device a blockchain node? Resource constraints prevent to use even classical asymmetric cryptography… At the end you discover that you moved bottlenecks in the blockchain…
  • 6. 6 THE TRIANGLE “CONJECTURE” [Slepak and Petrova. The DCS Theorem, 2018] Autonomy Resilience/Security Scale Capacity of deciding autonomously on the next state The system continues to perform its behaviour even if any single node is removed/changes behaviour Ability to maintain performances while workload increase by adding resources Pick two out of three
  • 7. 7 R&D : SEEKING THE BEST TRADE-OFF, EXAMPLES… A R S • Committee Consensus • Tendermint [Buchman2015-18], • RedBelly [Crain2017], • Ouroboros [Kiayias2017], • Algorand [Gilad2017] • Sharding • Omniledger [Kokoris2018] • Ethereum Sharding A R S + A R S 2-layer blockchain • Lightning[Poon2017] • Channel factories [Decker2017]
  • 8. 8 R&D : SEEKING THE BEST TRADE-OFF, MORE EXAMPLES A R S A R S + A R S And other emerging approaches for federated blockchains • Cosmos [Kwon2017] • Plasma [Poon2017] • Polkadot [Wood2016] • Interledger [Thomas2015]
  • 9. 9 But still R&D…not operational so what to do in the meanwhile to build IoT&blockchain applications?
  • 10. 10 THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER ALL THE PIECES  ORGANIZE YOUR ARCHITECTURE A. Dorri et al. « Towards an Optimized BlockChain for IoT » IoTDI 2017, April 2017, Pittsburgh, PA USA Transactions are generated by users and devices to request or share data
  • 11. 11 THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER ALL THE PIECES  QUALIFY AND AUDIT YOUR DATA O. Gurcan et al. «An Industrial Prototype of Trusted Energy Performance Contracts Using BlockChain Technologies » IEEE Smart City 2018,, UK Energy performance contracts
  • 12. 12 THERE IS NO MAGIC: YOU NEED SYSTEM THINKING TO PUT TOGETHER ALL THE PIECES  FIND THE ACCEPTABLE TRADE OFF O. Gurcan et al. «An Industrial Prototype of Trusted Energy Performance Contracts Using BlockChain Technologies » IEEE Smart City 2018, UK
  • 13. 13 Takeaways • IoT and blockchain are the two sides of a same ”system problem” • Single technologies do not provide a universal solution • System thinking is necessary • R&D is needed and the following axes are now well-understood • Federation of heterogenous blockchains • Off-chain transactions • Interoperability • Interdisciplinarity: economical design of distributed protocols • Clever engineering is still needed to come up with “good enough” systems