Brief introduction to Maxillofacial prosthetics

1. Introduction to Maxillofacial
prosthetics
K.Arslanov
Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics at BSMI

2. Basic concepts:
Prostheses are artificial materials
that serve as replacements for a
missing organ or group of organs in
an organism. Prostheses which are
applied to a congenital or acquired
tissue deficiency in the maxillofacial
area are called “maxillofacial
prostheses.”

3. Prostheses can be supported by different types of structures in the
areas in which they are applied. By this means, prostheses can be
classified as:
1. Teeth-supported prostheses: prostheses that are supported
only by
teeth in the intra-oral area,
2. Tissue-supported prostheses: prostheses that are supported
only by the
tissue in the edentulous area,
3. Teeth-and-tissue-supported prostheses: prostheses that are
supported
by both teeth and tissue in the area in which prostheses are
applied,
4. Implant-supported prostheses: prostheses supported by

4. It is essential to give place to defect classification in the
maxillofacial defect prostheses. We can classify the defects
according to their etiologies:
A. Congenital Defects:
1. Cleft lip and palate
2. Craniofacial cleft

5. So please keep calm, listen and take notes!!!

6. B. Developmental Defects
These defects are formed by exposure of the growth center –
which is
in charge of the formation of face and mouth structures – to
trauma,
surgery, or radiotherapy, and the subsequent disruption or
stopping of
growth and development.
Some of the developmental defects are these:
• Prognathism or retrognathism
• Soft tissue anomalies
• Chewing muscle anomalies
• Skeletal anomalies

7. C. Acquired Defects: Defects that are formed due to trauma
(gunshot wounds, traffic accidents, etc.), surgical excision of
tumoral or cystic formations, and some infectious diseases with
late period necrotizing character (osteomyelitis, syphilis). These
defects can be examined in three groups:
I. Intra-oral Defects
II Extra-oral Defects
III. Combined Defects

8. I. Intra-oral Defects:
• Class I: Single-sided anterior defects
• Class II: Single-sided posterior defects (from the distal of
the
• canine tooth)
• Class III: Hard palate median line area defects
• Class IV: Double-sided anterior or single-sided posterior
• defects
• Class V: Double-sided posterior defect
• Class VI: Double-sided anterior defects

9. 1. Mandibular defects may be classified according
to the type of the defect:
a. Marginal defects
b. Segmental defects
or according to the anatomic area:
a. Alveolar cleft defects
b. Ramus and condyle defects
c. One-sided corpus, ramus, and condyle defects

10. II. Extra-oral Defects :
1. Auricular defects
2. Nasal defects
3. Orbital defects

11. III. Combined Defects
• Nasomaxillary
• Orbitonasal
• Orbito-naso-maxillary defects

12. CLASSIFICATION OF
MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESES

13. A. Intra-oral Defect Prostheses
I. Maxillary obturators:
1. Congenital defect obturators:
• a. Obturators with hinge
• b. Suerson obturators
• c. Schiltsky obturators
• d. Meatal obturators
• e. Palatal elevations
prostheses

14. 2. Acquired defect obturators:
a. Surgical obturators
b. Treatment obturators
c. Permanent obturators

15. II. Mandibular defect prostheses:
1. One piece metal casting binding defect prostheses
2. Defect prostheses with guidance plane

16. B. Extra-oral Defect Prostheses
(Epithesis): Prostheses for the
deficiencies in the face area are
called “epithesis.”
• I. Auricular prostheses
• II. Nasal prostheses
• III. Ocular-orbital prostheses:
Prostheses in the eye area around
bulbus oculi and surrounding tissue
deficiencies are called “orbital
prostheses.” Only the prostheses
that imitate bulbus oculi are called
“ocular prostheses.”

17. C. Combined Defect Prostheses
I. Nasomaxillary epithesis
II. Orbital epithesis
III. Orbito-naso-maxillary epithesis

18. Next…
Indications For Maxillofacial
Prosthesis