9. •ENS : Auerbach’s plexus
Meissner’s plexus
• Non cholinergic, non adrenergic transmission
10. Responses of effector organs to autonomic
impulses :
Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work
independently
Eg: Heart Male genital organ
Only one division of ANS operates in certain
organs
11. General functions of ANS
Primarily regulates the constancy of internal
environment
Sympathetic – ‘fight or flight’
Parasympathetic – ‘rest and digest’
15. Junctional transmission:
Storage & release of the transmitter
Combination with post junctional receptors with
subsequent EPSP / IPSP
The effect
Destruction or dissipation of the transmitter
33. Peripheral NS
ANS (Involuntary)
Sympathetic nerves
SNS
(voluntary)
Parasympathetic
nerves
Ach Ach Ach Ach
Acetyl choline
Epinephrine,
Norepinephrine
Ach
Dopamine
Acetyl choline
Ach = Acetyl Choline
Central NS (Brain, Spinal cord)
Enteric
nerves
34.
35.
36. Parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic nervous system
Craniosacral outflow
Neurotransmitter is Acetyl Choline
Cholinergic receptors are :
(Muscarinic) M (M : M1, M2, M3) and
(Nicotinic) N (N: Nn Nm)
37. Sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic nervous system
Thoracolumbar outflow
Neurotransmitter is Acetyl Choline,
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
Dopamine;
Adrenergic receptors are : α (α1, α2)
and ß (ß1, ß2, ß3)
38. Features of cholinergic receptors
Location Function MOA Agonists Antagonists
Nn Autonomic
ganglia, adrenal
medulla
Transmission of
impulse through
ganglia
Ligand gated
channels
Nicotine,
diphenyl
piperazenium
Hexamethonium,
trimetaphan,
mecamylamine
Nm Neuromuscular
junction
Contraction of
skeletal Ms
Ligand gated
channels
Acetyl choline,
Succinyl choline,
nicotine
D-tubocurarine,
alfa bungarotoxin
M1 Autonomic
ganglia, cortex,
hippocampus
(CNS, Gastric
cells , sm ms)
Gastric acid
secretion, GI
motility, CNS
excitation
Ligand gated
channels
oxotremorine Pirenzipine,
telenzipine,
M2 SA node, AV
node, atrium,
ventricles;
rate of impulse
generation,
velocity,
conduction,
contraction
Ligand gated
channels
methacoline triptiramine
M3 Exocrine glands,
smooth muscles,
vasculature
Gastric acid
secretion, GI
motility, CNS
excitation
Ligand gated
channels
bethanecol darifenacin
39. Features of Adrenergic receptors
Location Function MOA Agonists Antagonists
α1 S.Ms, salivary glands
(post synaptically)
Contrctions S.Ms,
secretions
G protein
coupled
receptor
α2 Adrenergic and
cholinergic nerves (Pre
synaptically);
brain (Post
synaptically);Pancreas,
vascular S.Ms
NE release,
sympathetic
outflow,
Insulin release,
vasoconstriction
G protein
coupled
receptor
ß1 Cardiac Ms,
Glomerulus;
Autonomic Ns(pre
synaptically)
HR, FC, renin
release
G protein
coupled
receptor
ß2 Bronchus, SM Ms,
uterus, Coronaries
NE, FC, HR
Glycogenolysis,
Relaxation of Sm
Ms
G protein
coupled
receptor
ß3 Adipose tissues lipolysis G protein
coupled
receptor
How are the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system different?
The somatic nervous system (SoNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous systemassociated with the voluntary control of body movements through the skeletal muscles and mediation of involuntary reflex arcs.
