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INTRODUCTION
PREGNANCY is the interval of time beginning when an egg and sperm unite and ending
when a baby is born. The state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body.
This condition can be indicated by probable, presumptive and positive signs and symptoms
during pregnancy. One of which is the use of an over the counter urine test or what we call it
pregnancy test kit that detects HCG hormones, and confirmed through an ultrasound and
detection of fetal heart beat. Pregnancy lasts for about 9 months (38-40 weeks) measured from
the date of the woman’s last menstrual period (LMP). It is conventionally divided into 3
trimesters, each roughly 3 months long. 1st, the embryo develops; 2nd, the embryo turns into
fetus; and the 3rd, the fetus gains weight and gets ready for the birth.
When the gestation has completed, it goes through a process called delivery, where the
developed fetus is expelled from the mother’s womb. There are two options of delivery, via
Cesarean Section or Normal Spontaneous Delivery. A cesarean section is the method of
delivering a child by opening the abdomen and uterus. It is performed when natural delivery
presents risk to the mother or child. NSD then is the delivery of the baby through vaginal route
with effort and force exertion. A n e p i s i o t o m y ( a n incision continuous with the vaginal
introitus) may be performed at this t i m e . E p i s i o t o m y m a y e a s e d e l i v e r y o f t h e
f e t a l h e a d a n d a l l o w s o m e control over what may otherwise be an uncontrolled perineal
laceration.