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INTERNSHIP REPORT BY KRISHNA KUMAR 21.pdf
- 1. INTERNSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED BY: R KRISHNA KUMAR (2020311021)
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Chennai PetroleumCorporation Limited (CPCL), one of the leading group companies of Indian Oil. • Refinery designed to produce fuels and lubes base stock. • The Manali Refinery in Chennai has a capacity of 10.5 million tonnes per year. • CPCL's second refinery is Nagapattinam refinery located at Cauvery basin at Nagapattinam. • It was conceived in the 1960s as a 2.5 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA). • CPCL is one of the most complex Refineries of its kind in the country.
- 3. THREE REFINERY UNITS InCPCL there are three units: 1. REFINERY 1 - Produces lube oil, commenced in 1969 2. REFINERY 2 - Commenced in 1989 3. REFINERY 3 - Commenced in 2004 Both the Refinery 2 and 3 produces fuel oil. It contains either high or low sulphur content.
- 4. PROCESS UTILITIES The basicresources carried to inherit the process. There are five major utilities namely 1. Air 2. Water 3. Power 4. Nitrogen 5. Fuel
- 5. PROCESS PARAMETERS The processparameters are as follows: 1. Pressure 2. Temperature 3. Level 4. Flow rate
- 6. HYDROCRACKING • Hydrocracking isa refining process that involves the use of hydrogen gas and a catalyst to break down heavy hydrocarbons into lighter and more valuable products. • The primary goal of hydrocracking is to improve the quality of various petroleum products, such as gasoline and diesel, by reducing impurities and increasing their octane or cetane ratings • In the hydrocracking process, heavy feedstocks, such as vacuum gas oil or heavy gas oils, are heated and mixed with hydrogen. This mixture is then passed over a catalyst bed, typically consisting of a solid material, under high pressure and temperature. As a result, the heavy hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller molecules, and the sulfur, nitrogen, and other impurities are removed. • The products of hydrocracking typically include high-quality gasoline, diesel, and various other valuable petrochemicals.
- 7. ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNIT •Crude oil exits from the desalter at a temperature of 250 °C–260 °C and is further heated by a tube-still heater to a temperature of 350 °C–360 °C. • The hot crude oil is then passed into a distillation column that allows the separation of the crude oil into different fractions depending on the difference in volatility. • The vapours from the top of the column are a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and naphtha, at a temperature of 120 °C–130 °C. • The vapor stream associated with steam used at the bottom of the column is condensed by the water cooler and the liquid collected in a vessel is known as a reflux drum which is present at the top of the column.
- 8. ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNIT •A few plates below the top plate, the kerosene is obtained as a product at a temperature of 190 °C – 200 °C. • This cooled liquid is known as circulating reflux. The remaining crude oil is passed through a side stripper which uses steam to separate kerosene. The kerosene obtained is cooled and collected in a storage tank as raw kerosene, • A few plates below the kerosene draw plate, the diesel fraction is obtained at a temperature of 280 °C – 300 °C. • Residual oil present at the bottom of the column is known as reduced crude oil (RCO). The temperature of the stream at the bottom is 340 °C – 350 °C.
- 9. VACCUM DISTILLATION UNIT •The feed is the atmospheric residue. • It helps to produce petroleum products out of the heavier oils left over from atmospheric distillation. • To increase the production of high-value petroleum products. • These bottoms are run through a vacuum distillation column to further refine them. • At low pressures, the boiling point of the ADU bottoms is low. • The products obtained are LVGO, HVGO and Vacuum residues.
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