International Business Practices IP #4
Michelle Satten
Professor Asefaw Indrias
December 16, 2013
Introduction
Opening an office in Johannesburg would ensure a more efficient management of the bank’s assets in the African region. A local presence will allow the bank to extend its coverage of markets in Africa, and will facilitate its round the clock operations on the foreign exchange market for example, to enforce the minimum exchange rate. To reduce concentration risk, the bank should aim for a broad diversification of its investments, and it is important turn to new markets so as to facilitate this. Africa’s economic importance is growing considerably in modern years, similar to its bond and stock markets.
Challenges in the new environment
Macroeconomic Policy. Macroeconomic policy had direct relation to budget deficit and price rises rate, which auxiliary affect the economic constancy. Macroeconomic guiding principles of African countries are still going through reforms, and faces significant restraints like crime restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, low domestic savings, low skill levels, labor market rigidities and inadequate levels of FDI.
Labor Market. Though population in African countries is extremely high, the percentage of people in employment is rather very low. Squat employment and elevated unemployment rate, coupled with unfairly dispersed educational qualifications is a stern disadvantage for labor market. An additional problem companies face is absence of skilled manual labor and low litheness of labor market.
Economic Inequality and Poverty. Deficiency in Africa is characterized by ethnic and regional magnitudes, and as per studies, more than 75% of poor people live in countryside areas. Besides severe levels of poverty, lofty levels of disparity of wealth and income co-exist in the economies. South Africa is one of the most developed economies in Africa yet it is also the country with highest economic inequality.
Political Instability. Political instabilities are a sensitive issue for foreign investors and one of the biggest reasons to drive them away. Internal tensions, coups, border conflicts etc have been common in history of African economies. Occasionally, even though a country is politically firm, conflicts faced by neighboring countries have negative impact on their economy.
Political and legal systems in Johannesburg
South Africa's legal system, similar to the rest of the political system, was thoroughly transformed as the apartheid-based constitutional system was rationalized during the early 1990s. Nonetheless, many laws not related to apartheid unrelated to be rooted in the older legal system. Thus, the justice structure after 1994 reflected elements of both the apartheid-era system and fair reforms.
South Africa has an amalgam or 'mixed' legal system, fashioned by interweaving of a number of different legal traditions: a civil law system hereditary from the Dutch, a common law system hereditary from the .
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN COMBATING FINANCIAL CRIME IN THE AFRICAN...PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
The Need for Effective Leadership is to Promote the fight against Financial Crime in Africa and help to advance Africa Trade Development Agenda
Financial Crime is a major African problem, and combating it requires effective leadership at all levels.
Africa remains at high risk of Financial Crime distress, and the risks have risen in the context of recent large fiscal deficits...
All sectors of African’s Leadership must either act now or never! African Leaders often say that criminal activities are like a lifestyle in the African’s continent: but if left undealt with, the consequences will have adverse effect and will destroy the economic development of Africa and lessen the trust in our Public and Private Institutions. Similarly, leaders must build up effective Political governance within their institutions, the Will and capacity needed to crack down on Financial Crime agents or agencies in the areas of Money Laundering, Counter Terrorism Financing, Fraud, Drug deals, Bribery and Corruption and smugglers, why? Because these criminals have a lot of criminal strategies to evade our African Territories – for example, if they are restricted in the land routes – they would use sea routes- when they are restricted on the seas they use the air. That’s why targeted interventions often have limited impact on Financial Crime and criminal activities in Africa: we need to look at the Leadership capacities and effectiveness in pursing the African Continental Free Trade Zone Area agenda as a big picture, besides the good initiatives and benefits therein it also has negative sides effect of its to tell the whole story of how the criminals are moving on Roads, Seas and air (aviation industry), and the poor border crossing security Agencies of Nations in Africa. This Book intends to tell the story of the poor suffering African’s people with few livelihood options. It is a complex story, with many interconnections; at the heart of which the African Continental Free Trade Zone area lies. While Africa has spread a plethora of beneficial innovations around the world, it has also had many negative consequences in both large and small countries through illicit financial outflows: in fact, security problems in the entire nations of Africa are closely related to the development challenges posed by the Money Laundered to finance Terrorism and Civil Conflicts of Africa. Though the side effects of Financial Crime are particularly strong in the African’s poorest countries those least equipped to respond to these impacts are more vulnerable.
This Book looks at how the role of effective Leadership contributes in the fight beyond specific countries Against Financial Crime and illicit financial flows (fin-iffs) in the African region. The Book zeroed in on Financial Crime, illicit Financial Flows, like Money Laundering, Bribery and Corruption and illicit trade to illustrate the larger scale and the need for effectiveness of African Leaders to combat this menaced:
Digital economy for Somalia how it can help the nationAli Mohammed
Somali Government should take the leadership and courage to recognize and reap in the unexplored benefits of digital economy and ICT so that Somalia can reach new heights as far as development is concerned. Somalia Needs a visionary who has the courage to take the first leap.
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN COMBATING FINANCIAL CRIME IN THE AFRICAN...PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
The Need for Effective Leadership is to Promote the fight against Financial Crime in Africa and help to advance Africa Trade Development Agenda
Financial Crime is a major African problem, and combating it requires effective leadership at all levels.
Africa remains at high risk of Financial Crime distress, and the risks have risen in the context of recent large fiscal deficits...
All sectors of African’s Leadership must either act now or never! African Leaders often say that criminal activities are like a lifestyle in the African’s continent: but if left undealt with, the consequences will have adverse effect and will destroy the economic development of Africa and lessen the trust in our Public and Private Institutions. Similarly, leaders must build up effective Political governance within their institutions, the Will and capacity needed to crack down on Financial Crime agents or agencies in the areas of Money Laundering, Counter Terrorism Financing, Fraud, Drug deals, Bribery and Corruption and smugglers, why? Because these criminals have a lot of criminal strategies to evade our African Territories – for example, if they are restricted in the land routes – they would use sea routes- when they are restricted on the seas they use the air. That’s why targeted interventions often have limited impact on Financial Crime and criminal activities in Africa: we need to look at the Leadership capacities and effectiveness in pursing the African Continental Free Trade Zone Area agenda as a big picture, besides the good initiatives and benefits therein it also has negative sides effect of its to tell the whole story of how the criminals are moving on Roads, Seas and air (aviation industry), and the poor border crossing security Agencies of Nations in Africa. This Book intends to tell the story of the poor suffering African’s people with few livelihood options. It is a complex story, with many interconnections; at the heart of which the African Continental Free Trade Zone area lies. While Africa has spread a plethora of beneficial innovations around the world, it has also had many negative consequences in both large and small countries through illicit financial outflows: in fact, security problems in the entire nations of Africa are closely related to the development challenges posed by the Money Laundered to finance Terrorism and Civil Conflicts of Africa. Though the side effects of Financial Crime are particularly strong in the African’s poorest countries those least equipped to respond to these impacts are more vulnerable.
This Book looks at how the role of effective Leadership contributes in the fight beyond specific countries Against Financial Crime and illicit financial flows (fin-iffs) in the African region. The Book zeroed in on Financial Crime, illicit Financial Flows, like Money Laundering, Bribery and Corruption and illicit trade to illustrate the larger scale and the need for effectiveness of African Leaders to combat this menaced:
Digital economy for Somalia how it can help the nationAli Mohammed
Somali Government should take the leadership and courage to recognize and reap in the unexplored benefits of digital economy and ICT so that Somalia can reach new heights as far as development is concerned. Somalia Needs a visionary who has the courage to take the first leap.
ABSTRACT
On March 21, 2018, at the 10th Extraordinary Summit of the African Union, Close to Fifty (50) African Union Member States
signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement, thereby creating the largest free trade area in the world. The
agreement officially entered into force on May 30, 2019, after ratification of the agreement by 22 countries. As of 31 May 2022,
only 43 of the 54 African countries that signed the Agreement Establishing the AfCFTA in March 2018, had deposited Instruments
of Ratification with the Chairperson of the African Union Commission.
But while the AfCFTA is seen as a means of promoting economic growth and investment between African states, it also has a
darker side. Like the Free Trade Zones in Morocco, Gambia, Djibouti and Nigeria, it carries the potential exposures to illicit trade
and financial crime, including but not limited to illicit finance activity, drug trafficking and trade-based money laundering.
This research provides Authorities managing Free Trade Zones, Business Enterprises, Financial Institutions and Dedicated Free
Zone Customs, Police and Immigration Command assigned to deal with aspects of movement of goods and persons in and out of
the Free Zones with a clear understanding of the cross-border financial crime risks associated with the African Continental Free
Trade Area and the risk control measures that combines human intelligence with artificial intelligence, machine learning technology
and robotic process automation to combat cross-border financial crimes in the African Continental Free Trade Area.
This research paper advocates for public-private partnerships through the collective action theory. A partnership between
Authorities managing Free Trade Zones, Business Enterprises, Financial Institutions and Dedicated Free Zone Customs, Police and
Immigration Command assigned to deal with aspects of movement of goods and persons in and out of the Free Zones for information
sharing can help identify and report potential financial crimes.
While many Authors have written research papers on intra-African trade, none of those research papers explained how countries
can assess and mitigate financial crime risks in free trade zones. This research paper describes the ways in which cross-border
financial crime risks can be assessed and adequately addressed by the authorities managing Free Trade Zones. This research paper
analyses the risk assessment topic in line with the African Continental Free Trade Area with a focus on Free Trade Zones in Nigeria.
This research paper would help authorities managing Free Trade Zones, commercial organisations and business enterprises to
identify, prevent and mitigate cross-border financial crime risks. Zone managements and Business enterprises that implement the
risk-based approach, in line with the guidance given in this research paper, will be well-placed to avoid the consequences of
inappropriate de-risking behaviour.
Implications of the colonial economic legacy on the prospects and future of e...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Africa is home to some of the fast growing countries in the world, a wealth continent full of minerals, abundant human resources and opportunities. At the same time, poverty, underdevelopment, insecurity, infrastructure and talent gaps are high. With 54 independent States and a population of over 1.1 billion inhabitants, Africa economic growth is a paradox story. From the desert in the North through the rich mineral belts of the coastal lines and tourism savannah in Kenya to the dense equatorial forests of Congo basin, Africa’s old dilemma stays the same. The question remains, how can a continent gifted and endowed with the World’s most envied, high in demand and profitable natural resources, abundant and cheap labour market, vast arable land, tourism opportunities and favourable climate said to be the poorest?
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
More Related Content
Similar to International Business Practices IP #4Michelle SattenProfessor.docx
ABSTRACT
On March 21, 2018, at the 10th Extraordinary Summit of the African Union, Close to Fifty (50) African Union Member States
signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement, thereby creating the largest free trade area in the world. The
agreement officially entered into force on May 30, 2019, after ratification of the agreement by 22 countries. As of 31 May 2022,
only 43 of the 54 African countries that signed the Agreement Establishing the AfCFTA in March 2018, had deposited Instruments
of Ratification with the Chairperson of the African Union Commission.
But while the AfCFTA is seen as a means of promoting economic growth and investment between African states, it also has a
darker side. Like the Free Trade Zones in Morocco, Gambia, Djibouti and Nigeria, it carries the potential exposures to illicit trade
and financial crime, including but not limited to illicit finance activity, drug trafficking and trade-based money laundering.
This research provides Authorities managing Free Trade Zones, Business Enterprises, Financial Institutions and Dedicated Free
Zone Customs, Police and Immigration Command assigned to deal with aspects of movement of goods and persons in and out of
the Free Zones with a clear understanding of the cross-border financial crime risks associated with the African Continental Free
Trade Area and the risk control measures that combines human intelligence with artificial intelligence, machine learning technology
and robotic process automation to combat cross-border financial crimes in the African Continental Free Trade Area.
This research paper advocates for public-private partnerships through the collective action theory. A partnership between
Authorities managing Free Trade Zones, Business Enterprises, Financial Institutions and Dedicated Free Zone Customs, Police and
Immigration Command assigned to deal with aspects of movement of goods and persons in and out of the Free Zones for information
sharing can help identify and report potential financial crimes.
While many Authors have written research papers on intra-African trade, none of those research papers explained how countries
can assess and mitigate financial crime risks in free trade zones. This research paper describes the ways in which cross-border
financial crime risks can be assessed and adequately addressed by the authorities managing Free Trade Zones. This research paper
analyses the risk assessment topic in line with the African Continental Free Trade Area with a focus on Free Trade Zones in Nigeria.
This research paper would help authorities managing Free Trade Zones, commercial organisations and business enterprises to
identify, prevent and mitigate cross-border financial crime risks. Zone managements and Business enterprises that implement the
risk-based approach, in line with the guidance given in this research paper, will be well-placed to avoid the consequences of
inappropriate de-risking behaviour.
Implications of the colonial economic legacy on the prospects and future of e...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Africa is home to some of the fast growing countries in the world, a wealth continent full of minerals, abundant human resources and opportunities. At the same time, poverty, underdevelopment, insecurity, infrastructure and talent gaps are high. With 54 independent States and a population of over 1.1 billion inhabitants, Africa economic growth is a paradox story. From the desert in the North through the rich mineral belts of the coastal lines and tourism savannah in Kenya to the dense equatorial forests of Congo basin, Africa’s old dilemma stays the same. The question remains, how can a continent gifted and endowed with the World’s most envied, high in demand and profitable natural resources, abundant and cheap labour market, vast arable land, tourism opportunities and favourable climate said to be the poorest?
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeFall 2014Proje.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Fall 2014
Project Requirements:
I. Teams
a. 16 Students split into 3 teams .
II. Weighting
a. The Project is 30% of your grade.
i. The presentation will be attended by Dr. Braniff as well as industry professionals and representatives of the National Alliance.
ii. Start divvying up duties now – last minute work shows during the presentation.
iii. Practice! Practice! Practice! - part of your grade has to do with the presentation having been rehearsed.
iv. This is a PROFESSIONAL presentation – since we’ll most likely have outsiders joining us, presenters must dress in a professional manner (no jeans, proper professional attire).
v. This presentation should mimic what you would be comfortable presenting to your board of directors and your CFO, etc.
vi. You will be graded on the information presented, as well as the professionalism of your presentation and your team assessment.
III. Project Components:
a. Executive Summary of your findings. The purpose of the executive summary is to summarize key points.
i. Should include bulleted key points
ii. Should include 1-3 graphs for visualization
iii. No more than 3 pages (including graphs)
iv. Make the summary part of the Power Point Presentation
b. Power Point Presentation
i. A visual presentation of the questions given to you for the project.
ii. Needs to show application of information learned in class, not just a regurgitation of the questions and answers, I want to see critical thinking.
iii. Presentations will occur on Monday, Nov 30 No exceptions, you MUST be present. Each group will present during this time (up to 30 minutes per group, at least 15).
iv. ALL team members must present a portion of the project.
c. All of the presentation documents need to be submitted to me. If you did not answer all
of the questions in your power point presentation, I need to receive the answers in a document.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During .docxmariuse18nolet
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under applied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance
Variable Overhead Spending Variance
3. Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of the table.
Required:
Complete the table by preparing Olive's flexible budget for Rs.5,700, 7,700 and 8,700 units.
Ironwood Company manufactures cast
-
iron barbeque cookware. During a recent w
indstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to dete
r
mine the unknown amount
s. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2.
Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, L
LL had the following actual results:
Units produced and sold 24,800
Actual variable overhead $9,470
Actual direct labor hours 15,800
Required:
Compute LLL's variable overhead rate variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, and over or under
a
pplied variable overhead.
Variable Overhead Rate Variance
Variable Overhead
Efficiency
Variance
Variable Overhead
Spending
Variance
3.
Olive Company makes silver belt buckles. The company's master budget appears in the first column of
the table.
Required:
Ironwood Company manufactures cast-iron barbeque cookware. During a recent windstorm, it lost
some of its accounting records. Ironwood has managed to reconstruct portions of its standard cost
system database but is still missing a few pieces of information.
Required:
Use the information in the table to determine the unknown amounts. You may assume that Ironwood
does not keep any raw material on hand.
2. Lamp Light Limited (LLL) manufactures lampshades. It applies variable overhead on the basis of
directlabor hours. Information from LLL's standard cost card follows:
During August, LLL had the following actual results:
Units prod.
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and PracticeGroup Project.docxmariuse18nolet
IRM 3305 Risk Management Theory and Practice
Group Project
October 16, 2015
The Pebbles, Inc.
GENERAL
The Pebbles, Inc. (the “Company) is a casino & resort operating company based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. The Company’s resorts feature high-end accommodations, gaming and entertainment, convention and exhibition facilities, celebrity chef restaurants, and clubs. In the past several years, the Company has decided to add a couple of other types of businesses, the most profitable being the Spinout School of Racing in Monte Carlo and the Big Shark Surfing School in Sydney. The current primary properties are listed below:
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/03/1999
Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Ctr.
- 02/01/2002
Pebbles Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 12/30/2007
MONTE CARLO, MONACO
Pebbles, Monte Carlo – Resort-Hotel-Casino
- 05/18/2004
Spinout School of Racing
- 06/14/2009
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Pebbles, Sydney – ResortHotel-Casino
- 04/27/2010
Big Shark Surfing School
- 04/27/2014
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
The Big Gambler Resort, Hotel & Casino is the pride and joy of Pebbles, Inc. There are over seven thousand spacious suites, designer shopping, world-class dining, and incredible entertainment. The location also includes a theatre where very well-known acts perform year round. The venue has an estimated seating capacity of 5,000. Typically, the theatre books a resident performer for 9-12 months at a time. Most recently, they signed on Brianne Smalle – a chart topping twenty-five year old pop sensation – to begin performing in the next 30 days. Unfortunately, Brianne has just been arrested after a multi-state car chase. To make matters worse, when she was finally stopped, the police found proof of major involvement in an international drug ring. In addition to her charges of DUI, she is now being accused of various charges related to the drug ring including money laundering, drug trafficking, human trafficking, kidnap and murder.
The Non-Gambler Expo & Convention Center was opened in 2002 to respond to the demands of the city. The Expo & Convention Center boasts over 2 million square feet with exhibit space of 1.5 million square feet. The location is central and is walking distance from over 100,000 guest rooms. The Convention Center is in the process of undergoing major renovations in order to accommodate the technology needs and desires of their guests and vendors. The intention was to complete the renovations by the end of the summer. Unfortunately, the main contractor, Trust Us Construction, is three months behind schedule due to the main project manager’s recent problems with gambling addiction. The convention center has a major exposition scheduled in two weeks for Fine China and Crystal of The World. The owner of the Center is convinced that the expo will go on as planned, confident that spare boards, exposed cords, drilling, hammering and multiple construction workers walking through the ex.
Iranian Women and GenderRelations in Los AngelesNAYEREH .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Women and Gender
Relations in Los Angeles
NAYEREH TOHIDI
In California, the popular face of immigration tends to be either Latin American or
Asian, but large numbers of immigrants who come from other regions in the world,
especially the Near East, have been quietly reshaping California demography. In this
study, Nayereh Tohidi focuses on the Iranians who have come to Los Angeles in the
wake of the 1979 Iranian revolution, largely middle- and upper-middle-class Tehrani-
ans who have fled the repressive policies of the current post-Shah, fundamentalist
regime. But American freedoms have offered particular challenges to Iranian immi-
grants, especially women, who tend to have "more egalitarian views of marital roles
than Iranian men," in Tohidi's words, a "discrepancy" that has led to "new conflicts
between the sexes." Thus, Iranian women immigrants are at once freer than their
sisters in Iran, more conflicted, and more in need of a "new identity acceptable to
their ethnic community and appropriate to the realities of their host country." Tohidi
is an associate professor of women's studies at California State University, Northridge.
She directs a new program in Islamic Community Studies at CSUN and is also a re-
search associate at the Center for Near Eastern Studies at the University of Califor-
nia, Los Angeles. Tohidi's publications include Feminism, Democracy, and Islamism in
Iran (1996), Women in Muslim Societies: Diversity within Unity (1998), and Global-
ization, Gender, and Religion: The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim
Contexts (2001).
I mmigration is a major life change, and the process of adapting to a newsociety can be extremely stressful, especially when the new environ-
ment is drastically different from the old. There is evidence that the im-
pact of migration on women and their roles differs from the impact of
the same process on men (Espin 1987; Salgado de Snyder 1987). The mi-
gration literature is not conclusive, however, about whether the overall
effect is positive or negative. Despite all the trauma and stress associated
with migration, some people perceive it as emancipatory, especially for
women coming from environments where adherence to traditional gen-
der roles is of primary importance. As [one researcher] said, "When the
traditional organization of society breaks down as a result of contact and
collision .. . the effect is, so to speak, to emancipate the individual man.
Energies that were formerly controlled by custom and tradition are re-
leased" (Furio 1979, 18).
My own observations of Iranians in Los Angeles over the past eight
years, as well as survey research I carried out in 1990,1 reveal that Iranian
1 This article draws on a survey of a sample of 134 Iranian immigrants in Los Angeles, 83
females and 51 males, and on interviews with a smaller sample of women and men.
149
1 50 The Great Migration: Immigrants in California History
women immigrants in Los Angeles are a homogeneou.
IRB HANDBOOK
IRB A-Z Handbook
Effective September 16, 2013
Capella University
225 South Sixth Street, Ninth Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
1
IRB HANDBOOK
Table of Contents
Introduction to the IRB A to Z Handbook ................................................................................ 3
Preparation for IRB Review ...................................................................................................... 4
Developing a Human Research Protection Plan 5
Documenting the Plan in Your IRB Submission Materials 5
Determining Submission Requirements ......................................................................... 5
Selecting the IRB Application 6
Selecting the Informed Consent or Assent Form Templates 7
Identifying Instrument Requirement(s) 8
Identifying Other Supporting Documents 8
Completing Application Forms, Letters, and Templates .................................................... 8
Completing the IRB Application 9
Drafting the Informed Consent or Assent Form(s) 10
Drafting the Recruitment Material(s) 10
Obtaining Research Site Permissions 10
What if I can’t get permission before IRB review? 11
Assessing and Revising Submission Materials ............................................................... 12
Assessing IRB Submission Materials 12
Revising IRB Submission Materials 12
IRB Submission and Review .................................................................................................. 13
Submitting Your IRB Application ................................................................................. 13
Registering and Activating an Account 13
Starting an application 13
Sending your application to your mentor 14
Completing IRB Office Screening Process .................................................................... 14
Undergoing IRB Review ............................................................................................. 15
Introduction to the Levels of Review 15
Receiving the IRB Decision Letter 16
IRB Decisions 16
Revising Your Study in Response to IRB Decision 17
Obtaining IRB Approval or Exemption ......................................................................... 18
Reviewing the IRB Approval Letter 19
Post-IRB Approval Procedures .............................................................................................. 20
Ensuring Ongoing Compliance .................................................................................... 20
Requesting Modifications to IRB-approved Studies........................................................ 20
Submitting a Modification Request Package ................................................................. 20
Implementing the Modification 21
Undergoing Continuing Review ................................................................................... 21
Submitting a Continuing Review Package 21
Reporting Adverse Events or Unanticipated Problems .....
IQuiz # II-Emerson QuizGeneral For Emerson, truth (or.docxmariuse18nolet
I
Quiz # II-Emerson Quiz
General: For Emerson, truth (or Spirit) is indwelling in the Universe, expressed through
nature and man and perceived through Reason (or Intuition) rather than just
understanding (reason, logic). All things are potentially microcosms, containing the
germs of all Truth, and so are not to be read as logical arguments
Here are some quotes from "Self Reliance," Choose one and explain what Emerson
means in your own words in 500 words. Due at our next meeting-Oct. 31, 2013
1. "Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense"
2. We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of
us represents."
3. "Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its
members."
4. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind."
5. "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin oflittle minds, [famous Emersonism]
adored by little statements and philosophers and divines. With consistency a
great soul has simply nothing to do."
6. "The centuries are conspirators against the sanity and authority of the soul."
7. "Life only avails, not the having lived. Power ceases in the instant of repose."
[another famous Emersonism]
8. "Just as men's prayers are a disease of the will, so are their creeds a disease of the
intellect. "
9. 10. "In the Will work and acquire, and thou has chained the wheel of Chance, and
shalt sit thereafter out of fear from her rotations .... Nothing can bring you peace
but yourself." .
------ --
.
i
Python 2
For Beginners Only
Version 1.0
Matthew Kindy, 2010
Derived from: Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist by Allen Downey
ii
Copyright (C) 2010 Matthew Kindy
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foun-
dation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ”GNU Free Documentation License”.
iii
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing
it is not allowed. 0.
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document
free in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative works of the document must them-
selves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a
copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software
needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for
any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by
the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
herein. The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as you. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work
in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it,
either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals
exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Documents
overall subject (or to related matters) and conta.
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, .docxmariuse18nolet
Iranian Journal of Military Medicine Spring 2011, Volume 13, Issue 1; 11-16
* Correspondence; Email: [email protected] Received 2010/09/08; Accepted 2010/12/14
Personality traits, management styles & conflict management in a
military unit
Salimi S. H.
1
PhD, Karaminia R.
2
PhD, Esmaeili A. A.
*
MSc
*
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
1
Sport Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2
Department of Clinical Psychology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: Personality of managers affects their managerial style and their conflict management method. This study was
performed with the aim of investigating the relation between personality traits, leadership styles and conflict management
methods in a military unit.
Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study was performed on 200 senior managers of a military unit in Qom who were
selected by available sampling method. The leadership style was investigated by leadership styles questionnaire and
managers’ personality traits were investigated by NEO questionnaire and their conflict management method was studied by
Robbins questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style was the most frequent style (65.5%) and compatible
personality was the most observed characteristic (19.5%). The extrovert personality had positive relation with participatory
management style. There was a significant positive relationship between the extrovert personality and management style
score. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and incompatible style.
Conclusion: The benevolence-consolatory imperative leadership style is the most frequent style and compatible personality
is the most observed characteristic among the studied unit’s senior managers. There is a significant positive relationship
between solution-seeking and controller methods of managing conflict and management style score and there is a significant
negative relationship between neuroticism and management style score.
Keywords: Personal Traits, Management Styles, Conflict Management, NEO Questionnaire
Introduction
In the current era, understanding the personality of
individuals is necessary in many situations of life.
Managers' personality is effective in the process and
choice of conflict resolution method and management
style. Research shows that there is a significant
correlation between personality traits and style of
conflict management. An indifferent or impassive
manager passes the issue and ignores it, while another
manager shows serious reactions [1]. Therefore, for
achieving organizational go.
IoT References:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-secure-your-iot-devices-from-botnets-and-other-threats/
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/biggest-iot-security-challenges.html
https://www.bankinfosecurity.asia/securing-iot-devices-challenges-a-11138
https://www.sumologic.com/blog/iot-security/
https://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/number-connected-iot-devices-will-surge-125-billion-2030-ihs-markit-says
https://cdn.ihs.com/www/pdf/IoT_ebook.pdf
https://go.armis.com/hubfs/Buyers%E2%80%99%20Guide%20to%20IoT%20Security%20-Final.pdf
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/smart-farming-how-iot-robotics-and-ai-are-tackling-one-of-the-biggest-problems-of-the-century/
Video Resources:What is the Internet of Things (IoT) and how can we secure it?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_X6IP1-NDc
What is the problem with IoT security? - Gary explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3yrk4TaIQQ
Final Research Project - Securing IoT Devices: What are the Challenges?
Internet security, in general, is a challenge that we have been dealing with for decades. It is a regular topic of discussion and concern, but a relatively new segment of internet security is getting most attention—internet of things (IoT). So why is internet of things security so important?
The high growth rate of IoT should get the attention of cybersecurity professionals. The rate at which new technology goes to market is inversely proportional to the amount of security that gets designed into the product. According to IHS Markit, “The number of connected IoT devices worldwide will jump 12 percent on average annually, from nearly 27 billion in 2017 to 125 billion in 2030.”
IoT devices are quite a bit different from other internet-connected devices such as laptops and servers. They are designed with a single purpose in mind, usually running minimal software with minimal resources to serve that purpose. Adding the capability to run and update security software is often not taken into consideration.
Due to the lack of security integrated into IoT devices, they present significant risks that must be addressed. IoT security is the practice of understanding and mitigating these risks. Let’s consider the challenges of IoT security and how we can address them.
Some security practitioners suggest that key IoT security steps include:
1. Make people aware that there is a threat to security;
2. Design a technical solution to reduce security vulnerabilities;
3. Align the legal and regulatory frameworks; and
4. Develop a workforce with the skills to handle IoT security.
Final Assignment - Project Plan (Deliverables):
1) Address each of the FOURIoT security steps listed above in terms of IoT devices.
2) Explain in detail, in a step-by-step guide, how to make people more aware of the problems associated with the use of IoT devices.
Bottom of Form
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Personal data breaches and securing IoT devices
· By Damon Culbert (2019)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking the world b.
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0 PLAG.docxmariuse18nolet
IP Subnet Design Project- ONLY QUALITY ASSIGNMENTS AND 0% PLAGIARISM
1 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
Overview
Each student will create a detailed, unified technical design of network services given the
scenario. The submission will be in a written format with a length of at least 1000 words
(not counting diagrams, quoted passages, or other attachments) and with at least one
detailed diagram created by the student. The assignment is meant for students to enhance
their mastery of the material and to provide a creative and realistic way in which to apply
knowledge from this course.
Scenario
You are a consultant being brought in by XUMUC to assist with its merger with another
company.
Background
XUMUC has the WAN links in place to the new locations in the Houston Region.
XUMUC currently has 2 other Regions San Francisco and Denver. Originally, XUMUC
was only in one region (San Francisco). The previous consultant did a poor job with the
integration resulting in a poor IP address scheme as a result routing tables at the
summarization points and at the San Francisco Campus are very large.
In addition, no VLAN structure was developed to isolate broadcast traffic. There are 4
main departments in XUMC: sales, finance, human resources, and research and
development. Also, there has been some concern that the WAN transport was not able to
accommodate the network traffic. Finally, all addresses in the network are statically
assigned resulting in high administration overhead when changes are made. XUMC
would like this changed to lower administrative overhead.
IP ADDRESSING TABLE
Location
Number of IP
Addresses
Required Address Block Assigned
San Francisco 1290 172.16.0.0-172.16.7.255/21
Denver Region
Denver Campus 441
Remote Office 1 28
Remote Office 2 35
Houston Region
Houston Campus 329
Remote Office 3 21
IP Subnet Design Project.
2 | P a g e
Deliverables
There are a number of requirements for this project.
• The document should contain:
o Title page
o Table of Content page
o Executive summary
o Technical details (including any assumptions)
Details that address all issues described above
Completed IP addressing table (including summarized routes for
the Denver and Houston regions),
Updated network diagram
Supporting arguments
o Conclusion
o Reference page
Formatting and Length:
• The paper must be at least 1000 words in length. Word count does not include
words in diagrams, tables, large quotations from sources, or other attachments.
The length should not exceed 15 pages; recommended length is 8-9 double-
spaced pages.
• Use 1" margins. The font should be 12-point, Arial. Include page numbers in your
document, as well as your name and date somewhere in the document (e.g., on a
title page).
XMUMC Network Diagram
IP Subnet Design Project.
3 | P a g e
IP Subnet Design Project
4 | P a g e
.
Iran:
Ayatollah
Theocracy
Twelver Shiism
Vilayat-e Faghih (jurist's guardianship)
Imam
Shari’a
Dual Society
Constitutional Revolution
White Revolution
Islamic Revolution
Iranian Revolutionary Guard (Pasdaran)
Rentier state
Resource curse
Maslahat
Green Movement
reformers vs. conservatives
Majmu’eh (Society of the Militant Clergy) vs. Jam’eh (Association of the Militant Clergy)
Iman Jum'ehs
Hojjat al-Islams
Powers and roles of Guardian Council, Supreme Leader, Majles, President, Expediency Council and Assembly of Religious Experts
1. Discuss the source of the legitimacy problem associated with “earthly” regimes in Shia Islam prior to Khomeini’s book, Vilayat-e Faghih. How does Khomeini’s revision of this allow for the establishment of a theocracy within this country?
2. Describe in detail how Iran combines theocracy with democracy in its governmental system. Assess the relative balance between these two forces.
3. What are some of the ways in which the oil industry has advanced or distorted development in Iran?
4. List the steps in the electoral process used to elect the Iranian president. What is considered to be the main obstacle to fair elections in Iran?
5. What are the powers and limitations of Iran’s parliament?
6. What are the most important political challenges that now face Iran?
Mexico:
Mestizo
Ejidos
maquiladoras
import substituting industrialization (ISI)
parastatal
clientelism
state capitalism
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
National Action Party (PAN)
Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)
NAFTA
el dedazo
sexenio
amparos
1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
Corporatist state
Anticlericalism
Porfiriato
Accommodation
1. What is the PRI? Describe how it has traditionally dominated the Mexican political system. List the other main political parties and briefly discuss their general platforms and typical supporters.
2. Describe the process of el dedazo. Describe two reasons why this process is no longer utilized in Mexico.
3. Mexico’s political system was traditionally characterized as a “hyper-presidential” system. What formed the basis for this characterization? Is this characterization still true? (Make sure to support your argument here.)
4. Are state institutions like the military and the judiciary truly independent of the executive branch of government? In what ways have these institutions promoted or hindered the growth of democracy in recent years?
5. What are the power bases of the main political parties in Mexican politics? What factors made it possible for the PAN to unseat the long-dominant PRI in 2000? What accounts for the continuing viability of the PRI as a political force?
6. What challenges does the process of globalization pose to Mexican’s strong sense of national identity?
.
ipopulation monitoring in radiation emergencies a gui.docxmariuse18nolet
i
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
Developed by the
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
August 2007
PREDECiSioNal DRaft
this planning guide is provided as a predecisional draft. Please send your comments
and suggestions to the Radiation Studies Branch at CDC via e-mail ([email protected])
or mail them to:
Radiation Studies Branch
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
National Center for Environmental Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd, NE (MS-E39)
atlanta, Ga 30333
Electronic copies of this document can be downloaded from
http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/population-monitoring-guide.pdf
population monitoring in radiation emergencies:
a guide for state and local public health planners
ii
population monitoring in radiation emergencies: a guide for state and local public health planners
acknowledgments
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) thanks the many individuals and
organizations that provided input to this document, including the office of the Secretary,
Department of Health and Human Services, and the Population Monitoring interagency Working
Group.
Representatives from the following agencies and organizations participated in the CDC
roundtable on population monitoring on January 11–12, 2005, and many provided comments on
initial drafts of this document:
American Red Cross (ARC)
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI)
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO)
Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. (CRCPD)
Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)
Columbia University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Indian Health Services
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
New York City Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
State of Arkansas Department of Health
State of California Department of Public Health
State of Georgia Division of Public Health, Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
State of Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA)
State of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory Department of Health
State of Maine Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory
State of Washington Department of Health
Texas A&M University, Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of Alabama-Birmingham, School of Public Health
University of Georgia, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiology
iii
population monitoring in radiation emergen.
In Innovation as Usual How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas .docxmariuse18nolet
In Innovation as Usual: How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas to Life (2013), Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg discuss the importance of establishing systems within organizations that promote not only the creativity that results in innovation, but also make it possible for employees to bring innovative ideas to fruition. Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg argue that a leader’s primary job “is not to innovate; it is to become an innovation architect, creating a work environment that helps . . . people engage in the key innovation behaviors as part of their daily work” (p. 4). Such a work environment must be reinforced by innovation architecture—the structures within an organization that support an innovation, from the brainstorming phase to final realization. The more well developed the architecture and the simpler the processes involved, the more likely employees are to be innovators.
For this assignment, you will research the innovation architecture of at least three companies that are well-known for successfully supporting a culture of innovation. Write a 1,500-word paper that addresses the following:
1. What particular elements of each organization’s culture, processes, and management systems and styles work well to support innovation?
2. Why do you think these organizations have been able to capitalize on innovation and intrapreneurship while others have not?
3. Based on what you have learned, what processes and systems might actually stifle innovation and intrapreneurship?
4. Imagine yourself as an innovation architect. What structures or processes would you put in place to foster a culture of innovation within your own organization?
Include in-text citations to at least four reputable secondary sources (such as trade journals, academic journals, and professional or industry websites) in your paper.
.
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.comBloomberg Business – Blo.docxmariuse18nolet
Investor’s Business Daily – Investors.com
Bloomberg Business – Bloomberg.com
Bonds Online – Bondsonline.com
CBOE – CBOE.com
Yahoo Finance – Finance.Yahoo.com
SEC GOV EDGAR – sec.gov/edgar
Barron’s – barrons.com
CNBC – cnbc.com/pro
Treasury Direct – treasurydirect.gov
Goldman Sachs – goldmansachs.com
YouTube – Portfolio Management
Motley Fool
Morning Star – Morningstar.com
FI360 – fi360.com
Value Line – valueline.com
Earnings Cast – earningcast.com
WEEK 1
CHAPTER 1
DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss each of the eight steps in the investment planning process. (p. 1)
2. Explain the importance of client assessment and capital markets assessment. (pp. 1-2)
3. Describe the three types of investments that can be included within a portfolio. (p. 2)
4. Discuss the importance of continuous monitoring of portfolios. (p. 3)
CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe some of the debt instruments that may be included in a money market fund and the nature of these type instruments. (p. 5)
2. Explain how an investor might manage interest rate risk through the use of CDs. (p. 7, item #8)
3. Briefly discuss the nature of fees associated with the purchase of CDs as they relate to (a) banking institutions and (b) brokerage firms. (p. 9)
CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION:
1. Describe why a risk adverse investor would be inclined to favor a direct issue of Treasury Department over a corporate issue of similar length to maturity. (pp. 13-14)
2. Discuss the tax ramifications of purchasing a T-bill on the open market prior to its maturity. (pp. 14-15)
3. Briefly discuss, if all government securities with like maturites have the same risk/reward characteristics, WHY an investor might be selective in the type of security he purchases? (p. 16)
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION:
1. Explain the rationale behind why an investor might choose NOT to sell bonds. (pp.20-21)
2. Discuss how interest income is usually received and the tax ramifications to an investor who receives such income in a taxable account. (pp. 21-22)
3. Briefly explain what the affect of interest rate movements are on the price of corporate bonds, especially as it relates to their term to maturity. (p. 24)
Chapter 5
CHAPTER DISCUSSION:
1. Briefly discuss how a convertible security can offer a “floor” value below which an investor can protect his investment (pp. 27-28)
2. Explain why the rates offered by convertible securities are generally lower than those available on nonconvertible issues of similar quality (p. 29)
3. Tell how profits and losses on a preferred stock are treated (p. 29)
4. Discuss the major advantages of an investor who buys a “stock purchase warrant” and a nonconvertible bond (pp. 27-28)
CHAPTER 6
DISCUSSION:
1. Distinguish between the three types of municipal bonds presented in the introduction, and decide when investors might find these financial instruments to be a useful “tool” in their portfolios (p. 35)
2. Explain why a risk averse investor might prefer investing in a “general obligation’ bond, rather th.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth EditionChapter 8 Introdu.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 8: Introductions and Conclusions
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to reflect new chapter numbers
Introduction
The speaker’s first contact with the audience
Introductions are like first impressions:
Important
Lasting
elizabeth () - new slide
Introduction
Catch the audience’s attention
Reveal the topic to the audience
Establish credibility with the audience
Preview the speech for the audience
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
Ask a Question
Tell a story
Recite a quotation or a poem
Give a demonstration
Make an intriguing or startling statement
Prepare a Compelling Introduction
State importance of topic
Share expertise
State what’s to come
Tips for the Introduction
Look for introductory materials as you do your research
Prepare and practice the full introduction in detail
Be brief
Be creative
elizabeth () - modified to reflect subhead
Conclusions
The speaker’s final contact with the audience
The conclusion represents your last impression:
Lingers with your listeners long after your speech is over
elizabeth () - new slide
The Conclusion
Bring your speech to an end
Reinforce your thesis statement
Prepare a Compelling Conclusion
Summarize main points
Answer introductory question
Refer back to the introduction
Recite a quotation
Tips for the Conclusion
Look for concluding materials
Be creative
Be brief
Don’t leave the conclusion to chance
Speech Introduction and Conclusion
Watch Mike deliver a speech introduction and conclusion.
Discuss if and how Mike Piel met the objectives of a speech introduction and conclusion.
Ellen DeGeneres
Ellen Degeneres Commencement Speech
Listen to the first 2 minutes of Ellen DeGeneres and identify how she remains audience-centered
There is more to citing sources than merely the accurate transcription or recitation of someone’s words.
Invitation to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition
Chapter 7: Organizing and Outlining your Speech
By Cindy L. Griffin
elizabeth () - changed
elizabeth () - changed to correspond to new chapter numbers
Organize for Clarity
Organization: the systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole, makes speeches listenable
Main Points
Main points; the most important, comprehensive ideas you address in your speech.
elizabeth () - new slide
Main Points
Identify main points
Use an appropriate number of main points
Order main points
Ordering Main Points
Chronological – Good for when the idea about which you are speaking extend over a period of time.
Spatial – An arrangement of ideas by location or direction.
Causal – A pattern that describes cause-and-effect relationships between ideas and events.
Problem-
Solution
– Identifies first a problem, then a solution.
Topical – Allows you to divide your topic into sub-topics and even sub-sub-topics.
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Keep each main point separate and distinc.
Invitation to the Life SpanRead chapters 13 and 14.Objectives.docxmariuse18nolet
Invitation to the Life Span
Read chapters 13 and 14.
Objectives:
Describe psychosocial changes in adulthood.
Describe and analyze personality theories that apply to adulthood.
Analyze the physical and cognitive changes that occur during late adulthood.
Adulthood and Late Adulthood
Introduction
The last module began an examination of adulthood. This module will finish the study of adulthood and begin a look at late adulthood.
Psychosocial Development in Adulthood
Erikson's seventh stage of generativity vs. stagnation occurs during this stage. Being generative means truly caring about the next generation (e.g., being a parent, teacher, coach, or conservationist) (Boeree, 2006b). The idea of a mid-life crisis has been a popular notion since the 1970s (see Berger's description of Levinson's research on page 459), but very little evidence for it exists. Modern personality theorists have backed off the word crisis, which implies a do-or-die decision point, and instead have started using terms like marker events, turning points, or passages (Sheehy, 1976).
Abraham Maslow created another prominent theory of personality development (examine his five stages of the hierarchy of needs in Berger, 2010, Figure 13.1, p. 457). The lowest level, physiological needs, must be satisfied first, followed by the others in ascending order. Because people spend so much time satisfying the four lowest needs, very few reach the highest stage of self-actualization, where people live up to their potential; at one point, Maslow estimated the percentage of self-actualizers to be around 2% (Boeree, 2006a). Numerous longitudinal studies have shown evidence of considerable stability and continuity in personality across the adult years (see Berger's discussion of Costa and McCrae's research).
Robert Havighurst (cited in Newman & Newman, 2010) states that adults in their 20s and 30s must face four developmental tasks. Tasks 1 and 2, marriage and childbearing, are affected by societal expectations (called the social clock). The probability of divorce hits its peak 2 to 4 years after marriage. Qualities for a successful marriage include similarity in personal characteristics, trust, sensitivity, and adjustment (including a mutually satisfying sexual relationship, economic factors, sleep patterns, food patterns, and toilet habits) (Kimmel, cited in Newman & Newman, 2010). Task 3 involves work, and includes four components: having technical skills, handling authority relationships, coping with unique demands of the job, and establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. Task 4 involves establishing a lifestyle that is compatible for both spouses (as well as dealing with constraints placed on the marriage by the children) (Newman & Newman, 2010).
For adults in their 40s and 50s, Havighurst (cited in Newman and Newman, 2010) discusses three crucial developmental tasks. Task 1 involves managing a household, including the following sub-tasks: 1) decision-making (about fina.
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4Name _________________ Gr.docxmariuse18nolet
IOBOARD Week 2 Lab BPage 2 of 4
Name: _________________ Grade: __________
Title: IOBOARD I/O Board Pushbuttons and LEDs
1. OBJECTIVESCreate an ARM project to control LEDs from the corresponding pushbutton inputs on the I/O Board.
1. DESCRIPTION
The eight pushbutton inputs on the I/O board will independently operate the corresponding eight LEDs on the I/O board.
III.PROCEDURE
1. Create a folder with the following path C:\DeVry\ECT274\Week2\W2LB.
2. Follow the steps in the Week 2 Lab A Tutorial to set up the VI for the I/O Board (steps 1-10 of the tutorial). Save the project as “FiLastNameLab2-B.lvproj” and the VI as “FiLastNameLab2-B.vi” to the folder created in step 1.
3. Switch to the block diagram. This lab will have no controls or indicators on the front panel.
4. Add a While loop. Right-click on the Loop Condition input, then select Create Constant.
5. Add the IOBOARD VI inside the While loop. From the block diagram, right-click in block diagram, then select “Select a VI...” andselect the ReadWriteIOBoard (SubVI).vi located in the C:\DeVry\IOBOARD folder. Expand the icon as shown in Figure 1.
6. Right-click on the Board Component input of the I/O BOARD icon and then CreateConstant.
7. Using the selector, change the constant to Pushbuttons.
8. Right-click on the Operation input of the I/O BOARD icon, then Create Constant.
9. Using the selector, change Write To Board to Read From Board.
10. Right-click on the Data to Board input of the I/O Board icon, then Create Constant. Leave the constant to 0. The pushbuttons can now be read from the I/O board. Data To Board, 0, is ignored. Data are expected from the board. Your VI should look similar to the figure 2 below.
Figure 2
11. The data that were read will now be sent to the LEDs on the I/O board.
12. Add another I/O BOARD Library VI to the While loop. Place it to the right of the first IOBOARD Library VI icon.
13. Using the second library icon, right-click on the Board Component input of the IOBOARD Board icon and then CreateConstant.
14. If the constant is not LEDs, Use the selector to change it to LEDs.
15. Right-click on the Operation input of the second IOBOARD icon and then Create Constant. The constant should be Write to Board.
16. Wire the output Data From Board of the first icon to the input Data To Board of the second icon. This will allow data to pass from the pushbuttons to the LEDs.
17. Add a half second wait to the While loop. The Wait (ms) function is located on the Time, Dialog… subpalette of the Programming palette. Create a constant of 500 for an input of 500 ms or one half second.
18. The final VI is shown in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3
19. Save the project.
20. Connect power to the ARM board. Run the VI. When a pushbutton on the I/O board is pressed, the corresponding LED should go on. Verify board operations.
21. Stop the program by pressing the Reset button on the ARM board.
22. Exit LabVIEW.
23. From the project folder, zip the files with the following name.
INVITATION TO Computer Science 1 1 Chapter 17 Making .docxmariuse18nolet
INVITATION TO
Computer Science 1 1
Chapter 17
Making Decisions about Computers,
Information, and Society
Objectives
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Use ethical reasoning to evaluate social issues
related to computing
• Describe the viewpoints of music users and music
publishers about the issue of music file sharing
• Apply utilitarian arguments to ethical issues
• Explain the social tradeoffs involved in lawful
intercept laws and their opposition
• Explain the purpose of a dialectic process
• Use analogies to evaluate ethical issues
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 2
Objectives (continued)
After studying this chapter, students will be able to:
• Provide arguments that support and oppose
hackers who claim to be performing a social good
• Perform deontological analysis of the duties and
responsibilities of parties in an ethical issue
• Describe cyberbullying and why legal remedies are
difficult to apply
• Explain the potential downsides of sexting for those
engaged in it
• Explain why information online may not be private
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 3
Introduction
• Social and ethical issues related to information
technology are unavoidable
• Develop skills to reason about such issues
• Case studies introduce important ethical issues
– Describe arguments for and against certain positions
– Evaluate arguments in terms of ethics
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 4
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money
• MP3 standard for compressing sound developed in
1987
• Patented and worldwide by early 1990s
• Computer-based MP3 playback in 1997
• WinAmp application free on the Internet in 1998
• Users began transmitting and sharing MP3 music
• Napster file-sharing system developed, 1999
• Peer-to-peer file sharing:
– Software introduces users to each other
– Sharing happens directly between users
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 5
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 6
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Recording companies filed suit against Napster,
1999
• Lawsuit claimed Napster was a conspiracy to
encourage mass infringement of copyright
• Facts:
– Most shared music was copyrighted
– Many artists opposed sharing---no revenue for them
– Some artists supported sharing
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 7
Case Studies
Case 1: The Story of MP3—Compression Codes,
Musicians, and Money (continued)
• Napster claims:
– Napster was just a “common carrier”
– Napster reported song locations, was not involved in
actual sharing
– They were not responsible for users’ behaviors
– Swapping files this was should be “fair use” under
copyright law
• Napster lost the case and appeals, and closed in
2001
Invitation to Computer Science, 6th Edition 8
C.
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management AD 717 OLHomework E.docxmariuse18nolet
Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management
AD 717 OL
Homework Exercise 7 - Derivatives
1) On June 21, 2011, the GE’s stock closed at $18.81 per share. The accompanying table lists the prices for GE’s exchange-traded options. Using this data, calculate the payoff and the profit for each of the following September expiration options, assuming that at the September expiration the value of the stock was $17.72.
a) Call option X = $17
b) Put option x = $17
c) Call option x = $19
d) Put option x = $19
e) Call option x = $15
f) Put option x = $21
2. It is mid July. You believe that Walmart stock which is currently priced at $53.00 will appreciate significantly over the next several months. A long-term equity call option (LEAPS) with an expiry in mid January and a strike price of $52.50 is available at a price of $2.50. You have $10,600 to invest. You consider 4 alternatives:
a) Use your entire amount of funds to buy the stock outright
b) Use the entire amount to purchase the stock on margin. Assume that the minimum margin requirement is 50% and that you will pay 7% (annually) on borrowed funds.
c) Use the entire amount of funds to buy LEAPS call options with the January expiry date.
d) Buy options for 200 shares and use the rest of the money to buy government bills paying 1% per year. (hence figure on 6 months of interest).
For simplicity ignore any brokerage charges Calculate the net gain or loss from each strategy as of mid January assuming that the price of stock is:
Gain / Loss from Investment in Walmart
Investment Strategy
Stock Price in Mid January
$45
$50
$55
$60
Stock Outright
Stock on Margin
All Options
Options & Bills
3) One of the financial instruments that attracted so much hostile fire in the analysis of the recent financial crisis were “Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligations” (synthetic cdos) which used “synthetic debt” as its collateral. Describe how you could use a combination of risk free investments and derivatives to create the same pay-off / risk profile as if you were holding a corporate bond, say for IBM. Explain how the pay-off / risk profile is the same (a) if the company remains afloat and pays all of its debt obligations on time or (b) if the company defaults on its debt obligations.
4) A stock is currently priced at $50. The risk free interest rate is 10% per year. What is the value of a call option on the stock with a strike price of $45 due in one year?
a) Using the Binomial valuation approach, assume that at the end of one year the value of the stock could either have increased to $60 or decreased to $40.
b) Using the Black-Scholes model, assume that the annual volatility (standard deviation) of the stock price is 25%.
5) On June 29, 2010 the S&P 500 stood at 1308.44. The one year futures price on the index was 1278.7. The 1 year risk free rate was 0.238%. Using the Spot-Futures Parity relationship, calculate the annualized expected.
Investment BAFI 1042 Kevin Dorr 3195598 GOODMAN .docxmariuse18nolet
Investment BAFI 1042
Kevin Dorr 3195598
GOODMAN FIELDER LIMITED (GFF)
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
1
GOODMAN FIELDER
LIMITED
COMPANY VALUATION REPORT
Scope
• The report looks at all publicly available data about the company via
the annual reports and publications
• An analyses of the company’s weakness and strength has been
conducted with detailed look at the fundamentals impacting the company
• The report outlines the ratios in relation to probability, return on
equity, using several modelling techniques
• There are charts and information used form the cash flow statement,
balance sheet and historical data sourced from the ASX
• The analysis of the company is compared to its competitors, industry,
sector and market it operates in.
• The report looks at stock price movement and all assumptions are
made available and are explained.
• Expert opinion and copyrighted material is used in the report and has
been appropriately
referenced.
REPORT
OUTLINE
This report attempt to
provide an analytical
evaluation of
Goodman fielder,
every attempt has
been made to make all
data accessible and
complete. This report
contains financial data,
historical analysis,
forecasts and
estimates based on
best available and
most up to date
information. The aim is
for the reader to be
able to make an
informed decision
about the fair value of
GFF stock and
compare it to GFF
peers in the industry. It
should give reader the
ability to form an
opinion on Goodman
fielder as an
investment based on
financial information
analytics.
2
Executive summary
Goodman fielder is one of the largest producers of food in Australia and it supplies product in many categories,
however it is first or second in every food category it participates in. It owns brands such as such as Nature's
Fresh, Helga's, Praise, Wonder White, Quality Bakers, White Wings, and Meadow Lea with offerings in consumer
brands such as Fresh milk, Meadow White Wings cake mixes, Praise salad dressings, and Leaning Tower frozen
pizza (Yahoo Finance 2012). It reaches over 30000 outlets in and around Australia. There are several major
shareholders of the company such as J. P. Morgan Nominees Australia Limited which owns 19%, HSBC Custody
Nominees (Australia) Limited that owns 17% and National Nominees Limited the owners of 22% of the
company(ASX 2012.)
On 19 August 2011 Goodman Fielder announced a net loss of $166.7 million for the year ended 30 June 2011,
this was attributable to a non-cash impairment charge of $300 million. Revenues from ordinary activities were
$2.56 billion, which is down 3.9% from the year before The New CEO of Goodman Fielder Limited Chris Delaney
is going to implement a strategic review which is focused on improving the performance of the company. There
are significant opportunities to increase efficiency, improve supply chain structure and inno.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
International Business Practices IP #4Michelle SattenProfessor.docx
1. International Business Practices IP #4
Michelle Satten
Professor Asefaw Indrias
December 16, 2013
Introduction
Opening an office in Johannesburg would ensure a more
efficient management of the bank’s assets in the African region.
A local presence will allow the bank to extend its coverage of
markets in Africa, and will facilitate its round the clock
operations on the foreign exchange market for example, to
enforce the minimum exchange rate. To reduce concentration
risk, the bank should aim for a broad diversification of its
investments, and it is important turn to new markets so as to
facilitate this. Africa’s economic importance is growing
considerably in modern years, similar to its bond and stock
markets.
Challenges in the new environment
Macroeconomic Policy. Macroeconomic policy had direct
relation to budget deficit and price rises rate, which auxiliary
affect the economic constancy. Macroeconomic guiding
principles of African countries are still going through reforms,
and faces significant restraints like crime restrictive fiscal and
monetary policies, low domestic savings, low skill levels, labor
market rigidities and inadequate levels of FDI.
Labor Market. Though population in African countries is
extremely high, the percentage of people in employment is
rather very low. Squat employment and elevated unemployment
rate, coupled with unfairly dispersed educational qualifications
is a stern disadvantage for labor market. An additional problem
companies face is absence of skilled manual labor and low
litheness of labor market.
Economic Inequality and Poverty. Deficiency in Africa is
characterized by ethnic and regional magnitudes, and as per
2. studies, more than 75% of poor people live in countryside areas.
Besides severe levels of poverty, lofty levels of disparity of
wealth and income co-exist in the economies. South Africa is
one of the most developed economies in Africa yet it is also the
country with highest economic inequality.
Political Instability. Political instabilities are a sensitive issue
for foreign investors and one of the biggest reasons to drive
them away. Internal tensions, coups, border conflicts etc have
been common in history of African economies. Occasionally,
even though a country is politically firm, conflicts faced by
neighboring countries have negative impact on their economy.
Political and legal systems in Johannesburg
South Africa's legal system, similar to the rest of the political
system, was thoroughly transformed as the apartheid-based
constitutional system was rationalized during the early 1990s.
Nonetheless, many laws not related to apartheid unrelated to be
rooted in the older legal system. Thus, the justice structure after
1994 reflected elements of both the apartheid-era system and
fair reforms.
South Africa has an amalgam or 'mixed' legal system, fashioned
by interweaving of a number of different legal traditions: a civil
law system hereditary from the Dutch, a common law system
hereditary from the British, and a customary law system
hereditary from indigenous Africans. These traditions have had
a multifaceted interrelationship, with the English pressure most
apparent in routine aspects of the legal system and manner of
adjudication, and the Roman-Dutch pressure most noticeable in
its substantive classified law. As a universal rule, South Africa
pursues English law in both illicit and civil procedure,
constitutional law company law, and the law of evidence;
whereas Roman-Dutch common law is pursued in the South
African contract law, law of tort, law of persons, family law,
etc. With the beginning in 1994 of the provisional Constitution,
and in 1997 its substitute, the ultimate Constitution, an extra
thread has been added to this intertwine.
3. South Africa's economic services sector, supported by a
appropriate regulatory and lawful structure, is complex,
blustering numerous home and alien institutions providing a
complete variety of services; retail, commercial, and merchant
banking, insurance, mortgage lending, and investment.
Legislation prevailing the financial sector is chiefly the Banks
Act 1990 and the Mutual Banks Act 1993, which provide the
attainment of a sound, competent banking system in the concern
of the depositors of banks and the financial system as a whole.
An office lead by the Registrar of Banks, in service as part of
the Reserve Bank, is in charge for registering institutions as
banks or mutual banks as well as imposing all the requirements
of the Acts.
The National Credit Regulator is responsible for regulating the
South African credit industry, as well as the registration of
credit donors or providers, credit bureaux and liability
counsellors. It is accountable for enforcing conformity with the
National Credit Act, and is alert on developing a reachable
credit market to convene and promote the requirements of the
people who are marginalized, especially economically. The
Banking Association of South Africa is an industry body
representing all registered banks in South Africa. It is the
authorized agent of the sector, and embodies the industry
through engagement with stakeholders, lobbying, and political
influence.
General commercial legal practices relating to transactions and
the drafting of commercial agreements are generally globally
applicable and in line with international norms and conventions.
There is a world-class and modern Constitution (including a Bill
of Rights) in place that regulates human rights and the entire
legislation. It assures the autonomy of the judiciary.
Trade and industry is undertaken within the framework of a free
enterprise economy.
The courts are open to foreigners on exactly the same terms and
conditions as South African citizens, even though numerous
4. commercial rows are resolved through arbitration by agreement
between the parties.
Government intervention
The South African government intervenes in the private sector
economy, through systems such as higher taxations, and existing
labor legislation and the rules governing black economic
empowerment, in the country. In times of crisis, like the global
financial crisis that posed a serious danger to South Africa's
economy which is strongly integrated into the world economy
thus prompting more government intervention, the South
African government comes to the rescue of private firms
through industrial financing and incentive instruments.
However, despite all this, increased government intervention
adds further intricacy to the division. The gloom of elevated
taxes, restraining regulation and indigenization looms large
over a sector already grappling with risks normally associated
with lending and new market entry. This might affect the
financial sector by exerting a lot of pressure on its compliance
requirements. In particular financial expenditures that might not
have been foreseen may became a reality placing the institution
at a risk of making losses.
Type of economic system
South Africa uses a traditional economic system. Owing to the
county's political constancy and well capitalized banking
organization, the country has shun away from the worldwide
financial meltdown. It has a regular mixed market capitalistic
economy system and is the economic powerhouse of Africa,
with a gross domestic product (GDP) four times that of its
southern African neighbors and comprising around 25% of the
whole continent's GDP. The country tops the continent in
manufacturing output (40% of total output) and mineral
production (45%) and generates most of Africa's electricity
(over 50%). Its major strengths include its physical and
economic infrastructure, metal resources and natural mineral, a
rising manufacturing sector, and strong growth capability in the
tourism, advanced value-added manufacturing and service
5. industries. South African banking policies position with the
finest in the world. The segment has extensively been rated
within the top 10 globally. There are fifty five locally
controlled banks and five mutual banks twelve foreign-
controlled banks.
South Africa's economy has been in an upward phase of the
business cycle since September 1999 - the longest period of
economic expansion in the country's recorded history. During
this upswing - from September 1999 through to June 2005 - the
annual economic growth rate averaged 3.5%. In the decade prior
to 1994, economic growth averaged below one percent a year.
As by the South African Reserve Bank, there is no indication of
this period of development coming to a conclusion.
History of the economic system
South Africa's economy had been shaped over several centuries
by its abundant natural resources and by the attempts of
immigrant populations to dominate and to exploit those who had
got in prior to them. For the majority of the twentieth century,
its mineral prosperity had exceeded that of nearly any other
country in the world, apart from the Soviet Union. South Africa
produced almost half of the world's gold and positioned among
the top ten producers of a dozen other precious minerals,
counting copper and diamonds. The mining industries offered
the foundation for the strongest financial system on the
continent, which, by the mid-twentieth century, incorporated a
widespread transportation system, a far-reaching electric power
network, and a large manufacturing sector.
By the mid-1980s, the economy was distorted by government
policies designed to bolster the economic and political power of
a small minority and to exclude many of South Africa's citizens,
chosen by race, from noteworthy contribution to the nation's
wealth. By the early 1990s, the weaknesses in the economy were
increasingly evident despite the country's dazzling mineral
wealth. The government cast off the constraints of apartheid in
the 1990s, partly to tackle the grave economic tribulations
caused by that system. The novel government in the mid-1990s
6. faced the vast challenges of civilizing living standards and
running the country's resources profitably.
South Africa’s involvement to international trade
South Africa's trade and industrial policy is moving away from
an exceedingly protected, interior looking economy aiming an
internationally competitive economy, capitalizing on its
competitive and proportional advantages. For quite some time,
South Africa's capability to trade with the exterior world was
sternly limited by the sanctions imposed on the country by most
urbanized countries as castigation for South Africa's dedication
to apartheid. With the conclusion of apartheid in the 1990s,
global trade has prolonged vividly so that in year 2000
international trade constituted 16 percent of the GDP. Europe is
the biggest source of trade for South Africa. In actuality, 7 out
of 10 of South Africa's peak trading associates are European
countries.
South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organization
(WTO). U.S. products qualify for South Africa's most-favored-
nation tariff charges. South Africa as well is a qualified country
for the benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act
(AGOA), and most of its products can enter the United States
free of market duty. South Africa has discarded most import
permits except on used products and products regulated by
international treaties. It also remains committed to the
simplification and continued reduction of tariffs within the
WTO framework and maintains active discussions with that
body and its major trading partners.
As a result of a November 1993 mutual agreement, the Overseas
Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) can help U.S. investors
in the South African market with services such as political
threat insurance, loans as well as loan guarantees. In July the
year 1996, the United States and South Africa agreed on an
investment finance protocol for a $120 million OPIC fund to
build equity investments in South Africa and Southern Africa at
7. large. OPIC is creating an extra fund--the Sub-Saharan Africa
Infrastructure Fund, capitalized at $350 million--for investment
in communications projects. The Trade and Development
Agency as well has been enthusiastically involved in financing
feasibility studies and discovering investment opportunities in
South Africa for U.S. business
The Department of Trade and Industry(DTI) is the department
of the South African government with responsibility for
commercial policy and industrial policy. The DTI and its
subsidiary agencies are involved in promoting economic
progression, Empowerment of the black economy, executing
commercial law, promoting and regulating international trade,
and consumer protection. Through the regulation of
international trade, this means that the financial institution will
be exposed to a fair competition which is healthy for the bank.
The government of South Africa also encourages foreign
investors to come into the countries by providing incentives to
them as a way of promoting the local economy. The Government
attempts to attract investment in economic activity by creating a
steady macro-economic atmosphere. Triumph has been attained
considering issues such as fiscal stability, low inflation, and a
commitment to privatization and the development of free
enterprise. The majority incentives for investment are in non-
tax incentives form.
Being one of the best developed countries ahead of other
countries in Africa, South African is definitely the best place to
start off in a journey to enter other developing countries. It
would serve as an avenue for us to study, learn and get well
acquitted with the local systems and emerging trends in
developing countries for informed decision making
Involvement in regional integration efforts
There is a sizeable difference between the role that South Africa
- the undisputed economic powerhouse of the Southern African
8. Development Community (SADC) - can play in the process of
regional cooperation and the far more self-interested role that it
actually plays. South Africa dominates the region in economic
terms, accounting for sixty percent of SADC's sum trade and
about 70 percent of SADC's GDP - so clearly it has a critical
role to play in regional integration.
Moreover, South Africa is the lone country in Southern Africa
that has the essential economic capability and levels of
diversification that are required to drive economic integration in
a manner that is mutually beneficial.
And regional economic integration can be extremely beneficial -
helping to encourage economic growth, foster social
development, reduce poverty, and encourage collective
protection of the environment, mostly in relation to shared
trans-boundary natural resources. South Africa has also played a
critical role in terms of being a launching pad for foreign
investment into the larger African continent, thus its reception
into the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa).
This function is verified by the exponential growth in the
number of Trans National Corporations (TNCs) that operate out
of South Africa between. In the 1990s, South Africa had an
estimated 900 TNCs - a figure that had swelled to 2044 by
2002. Most of these companies and their subsidiaries have/had a
Sub-Saharan outlook.
Reason for choosing Johannesburg
As one of the largest financial market places in Africa, and with
its geographical proximity to a number of emerging economies,
Johannesburg is an ideal location for the bank to launch a new
area office. A proper infrastructure and a steady legal
environment also provide good conditions for smooth
operations. Johannesburg is poised to be the financial hub of a
continent which represents more than 900 million consumers
and one of the world's fastest growing markets.
The South African city has the most developed business
9. infrastructure south of the Sahara and South Africa generally
gets strong marks for its financial sophistication.
Overall Assessment
In any language, risk is risk. The commerce world is in the
middle of a fresh and vibrant phase of globalization. Upcoming
markets, formerly desired chiefly for their cost-saving potential,
are now a critical destination – the new growth frontier. There
are risks associated with investing in any fresh market, but the
rate of growth in these high-growth economies has lead to
rapidly changing and highly complex and diverse risk
environments. Despite these challenges South Africa has
tremendous opportunity for organizations that approach its
market with a clearly defined risk strategy. Therefore, the
financial risks associated with entry into the South African
market are worth it.
References
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