Internal hardware components are the essential physical parts found inside a computer that enable it to process data, store information, and perform various tasks. At the center of it all is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), often referred to as the brain of the computer, which handles instructions and performs calculations. Connected to the CPU is the motherboard, the main circuit board that allows communication between all other components. Random Access Memory (RAM) serves as a temporary storage area for data and instructions that the CPU needs quick access to, which helps the computer run faster and handle multiple tasks at once. For long-term data storage, computers use storage drives, such as Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) or Solid State Drives (SSDs), with SSDs being faster and more durable. The Power Supply Unit (PSU) is responsible for converting electricity from an outlet into usable power for the internal components. Meanwhile, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is dedicated to rendering images and videos, playing a vital role in gaming, design, and multimedia tasks. To prevent the system from overheating, cooling systems like fans or heatsinks are installed to maintain safe operating temperatures. Some computers may also include an optical drive for reading or writing CDs and DVDs, although this is becoming less common. Together, these components work in harmony to ensure the computer runs smoothly and efficiently.

1. INTRODUCTION
INTERNALHARWARE
COMPONENTS
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2. INTERNALHARDWARECOMPONENTS
OVERVIEW
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Internal hardware components are the parts inside the computer
case that work together to make the computer function. These are
physical or tangible parts (you can touch them), but we usually don’t
see them unless we open the computer.
These components are connected and communicate with each other
to process data, run programs, and store information. They are
essential for the computer to operate properly.
Think of them like the organs inside a human body—each one has a
special job, and they must work together to keep the system running.
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3. CENTRALPROCESSINGUNIT(CPU)
The CPU is often referred to as the brain of the computer
It is responsible for executing instruction, performing
calculations , and managing data flow within the system

4. FUNCTION AND ROLE OF THE CPU
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The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often called the “brain of the
computer.”
Its main function is to process instructions and data. Every time you
open a program, type on your keyboard, or click with your mouse, the
CPU is the one doing the work behind the scenes.
🔧What the CPU Does:
Carries out instructions from software and hardware.
Performs calculations and decision-making tasks.
Controls the flow of data between other components (like RAM, storage,
etc.).
Handles multiple tasks very quickly—millions of instructions per second!

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAM AND THEIR USES
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What It Is:
DRAM is the most common type of RAM used in computers today.
✅How It Works:
It stores each bit of data in a tiny capacitor and needs to be refreshed
thousands of times per second to keep the data.
✅Use:
Used in main system memory (what we usually call "RAM").
Found in desktops, laptops, and servers.
DRAM (DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAM AND THEIR USES
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What It Is:
SRAM stores data in a stable way without needing constant refreshing.
✅How It Works:
It uses flip-flops (special circuits) to store each bit of data.
✅Use:
Used in cache memory inside the CPU.
Found in high-speed memory areas that need fast access.
SRAM (STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAM AND THEIR USES
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What It Is:
SRAM stores data in a stable way without needing constant refreshing.
✅How It Works:
It uses flip-flops (special circuits) to store each bit of data.
✅Use:
Used in cache memory inside the CPU.
Found in high-speed memory areas that need fast access.
SRAM (STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)

8. STORAGE DEVICES
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Storage devices are used to save data, files, programs, and the operating
system.
They store information permanently, even when the computer is turned
off.
TWO TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICE
HDD (HARD DISK DRIVE) SSD (SOLID STATE DRIVE)

9. HDD (HARD DISK DRIVE)
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Uses spinning disks to read and write data.
Has large storage capacity (like 500GB to 2TB or more).
Slower compared to SSDs.
Cheaper, good for storing a lot of files.
📌Use: Storing documents, pictures, videos, programs, and games.

10. SSD (SOLID STATE DRIVE)
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Uses flash memory (no moving parts).
Much faster than HDDs.
More expensive, but getting cheaper over time.
Quieter and more durable.
📌 Use: Faster boot times, quick loading of programs and games, used in
modern laptops and desktops.

11. MOTHERBOARD
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The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the computer.It’s like
the central hub that connects all the internal hardware components
together. Everything — the CPU, RAM, storage, graphics card, power
supply, and even external ports — is either plugged into or connected
through the motherboard.

12. MICROATX
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Smaller compared to the standard ATX, it is
cheaper making them ideal for compact and
budget friendly builds, but with lower expansion
options.

13. ATX
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Larger compare to Micro ATX and offers more RAM
and PCU slots, allowing for more powerful and
customizable system, but at a higher price and
power assumption.

14. INPUT DEVICES
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Input devices are hardware parts that allow the user
to enter data or control signals into the computer.
In short, they let you interact with the computer by
giving it commands or information.
🧩Purpose of Input Devices:
To send commands or information to the computer
so it can process and respond.

15. KEYBOARD
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A keyboard is one of the most common input
devices. It is used to type letters, numbers,
symbols, and commands into the computer.

16. MOUSE
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A mouse is an input device used to move the
pointer (cursor) on the computer screen and to
select, click, drag, and open files or programs.
It helps users interact with the graphical interface
(what you see on the screen).

17. SCANNERS
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A scanner is an input device that copies physical
documents or images and converts them into
digital format (a file that can be viewed or edited
on a computer).

18. MICROPHONES
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A microphone is an input device that allows the
user to record or transmit sound into the
computer.It captures your voice or any sound
and turns it into a digital signal the computer can
understand.

19. CAMERA/WEBCAM
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A camera or webcam is an input device that
captures photos or live video and sends it to the
computer.It allows the computer to see and
record what’s in front of the camera lens, like
your face during a video call.

20. THANKYOU
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SHODWE
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