Intel is one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world.pdf
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Intel is one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world. Intel reported its best financial results ever in 2010. Intel controls approximately 80 percent of the market share of the industry. AMD controls a significant portion of the remaining market share (Table 1). Intel Solution As per the Porter.
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Is every spanning tree attainable as a first search tree WhySo.pdf
Is every spanning tree attainable as a first search tree? Why?
Solution
yes,
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
One starts at the root (selecting some arbitrary node as the root in the case of a graph) and
explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
Depth First Traversal Algorithm function depth_ft(x) { visit(x); for each y such that (x,y) is an
edge { if y was not visited yet then depth_ft(y) } } A recursive algorithm implicitly records a.
Is deviance relative Whywhy not Are there some acts that are cons.pdf
Is deviance relative? Why/why not? Are there some acts that are considered deviant in every
culture?
Of the different theoretical perspectives on deviance, which do you think is most useful for
understanding deviance and why?
Solution
Yes, deviance is relative. I think theft is considered deviant in all cultures, and murder maybe.
Deviance isn\'t always bad. Rosa Parks sat at the front of the bus... back then that was
deviance... and look good has come from it.
I think conflict theory or symbolic interactionism.....
Conflict- The haves and the have-nots
Symbolic- how we interact with our surrounding and the definitions we place on them..
Is 4a3b6 a polynomial Why or Why notSolutionit is a polynomia.pdf
Is 4a3b6 a polynomial? Why or Why not
Solution
it is a polynomial because of this definition of one:
A polynomial is a mathematical expression in which a finite number of constants and variables
are combined using only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative whole number
exponents.
IQ test scores on a certain IQ scale are normally distributed with a.pdf
IQ test scores on a certain IQ scale are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 12. An individual?s IQ score is found to be 127. Find the z-score corresponding to
this value.
Solution
z = (score - mean)/standard deviation z = (127 - 100)/12 = 27/12 = 2.25.
Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins that allow the flow of i.pdf
Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins that allow the flow of ions between the intra- and
extracellular space. There are N ion channels. These channels can be in one of three states, open
(o), closed (c), and partially open (p). Write an expression for the probability that m of the N
channels will be open at any given time given that the probability of finding a single open
channel is q and the probability of finding a partially open channel is 0.
Solution
p = q^m * O^N-m.
involving the computation of probabilities for a Bernoulli trial. .pdf
involving the computation of
probabilities for a Bernoulli trial. Assume that n = 9, and p =4/5
Find the probability of at least 1 success and at least 2 failures.
Solution
==================ADDING ALL WE GET ...PROBABILITY = 0.56379...ANSWER.
Investment companies are specialized financial intermediaries that p.pdf
Investment companies are specialized financial intermediaries that provide financial services to
businesses. These investment companies include: (check all that apply)
A. mutual funds
B. private equity firms
C. savings and loans
D. public equity firms
E. hedge funds
Solution
a) mutual funds
b) private equity firms
e) hedge funds.
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the .pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each.
Solution
Microcontroller is a single chip micro computer made through VLSI fabrication. A
microcontroller also called an embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support
circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control. A microcontroller is
available in different word lengths like microprocessors (4bit,8bit,16bit,32bit,64bit and 128 bit
microcontrollers are available today).
Microcontroller Chip
You can find microcontrollers in all kinds of electronic devices these days. Any device that
measures, stores, controls, calculates, or displays information must have a microcontroller chip
inside. The largest single use for microcontrollers is in automobile industry (microcontrollers
widely used for controlling engines and power controls in automobiles). You can also find
microcontrollers inside keyboards, mouse, modems, printers, and other peripherals. In test
equipments, microcontrollers make it easy to add features such as the ability to store
measurements, to create and store user routines, and to display messages and waveforms.
Consumer products that use microcontrollers include digital camcorders, optical players,
LCD/LED display units, etc. And these are just a few examples.
1) A microcontroller basically contains one or more following components:
2) A microcontroller internally consists of all features required for a computing system and
functions as a computer without adding any external digital parts in it.
3) Most of the pins in the microcontroller chip can be made programmable by the user.
4) A microcontroller has many bit handling instructions that can be easily understood by the
programmer.
5) A microcontroller is capable of handling Boolean functions.
6) Higher speed and performance.
7) On-chip ROM structure in a microcontroller provides better firmware security.
8 ) Easy to design with low cost and small size.
Microcontroller structure
The basic structure and block diagram of a microcontroller is shown in the fig (1.1).
Microcontroller Structure
Image Taken From
CPU is the brain of a microcontroller .CPU is responsible for fetching the instruction, decodes it,
then finally executed. CPU connects every part of a microcontroller into a single system. The
primary function of CPU is fetching and decoding instructions. Instruction fetched from program
memory must be decoded by the CPU.
The function of memory in a microcontroller is same as microprocessor. It is used to store data
and program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM (EEPROM,
EPROM, etc) or flash memories for storing program source codes.
Parallel input/output ports are mainly used to drive/interface various devices such as LCD’S,
LED’S, printers, memories, etc to a microcontroller.
Serial ports provide various serial interfaces between microcont.
Recommended
Is every spanning tree attainable as a first search tree WhySo.pdf
Is every spanning tree attainable as a first search tree? Why?
Solution
yes,
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
One starts at the root (selecting some arbitrary node as the root in the case of a graph) and
explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
Depth First Traversal Algorithm function depth_ft(x) { visit(x); for each y such that (x,y) is an
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Is deviance relative Whywhy not Are there some acts that are cons.pdf
Is deviance relative? Why/why not? Are there some acts that are considered deviant in every
culture?
Of the different theoretical perspectives on deviance, which do you think is most useful for
understanding deviance and why?
Solution
Yes, deviance is relative. I think theft is considered deviant in all cultures, and murder maybe.
Deviance isn\'t always bad. Rosa Parks sat at the front of the bus... back then that was
deviance... and look good has come from it.
I think conflict theory or symbolic interactionism.....
Conflict- The haves and the have-nots
Symbolic- how we interact with our surrounding and the definitions we place on them..
Is 4a3b6 a polynomial Why or Why notSolutionit is a polynomia.pdf
Is 4a3b6 a polynomial? Why or Why not
Solution
it is a polynomial because of this definition of one:
A polynomial is a mathematical expression in which a finite number of constants and variables
are combined using only addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative whole number
exponents.
IQ test scores on a certain IQ scale are normally distributed with a.pdf
IQ test scores on a certain IQ scale are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 12. An individual?s IQ score is found to be 127. Find the z-score corresponding to
this value.
Solution
z = (score - mean)/standard deviation z = (127 - 100)/12 = 27/12 = 2.25.
Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins that allow the flow of i.pdf
Ion channels are membrane-spanning proteins that allow the flow of ions between the intra- and
extracellular space. There are N ion channels. These channels can be in one of three states, open
(o), closed (c), and partially open (p). Write an expression for the probability that m of the N
channels will be open at any given time given that the probability of finding a single open
channel is q and the probability of finding a partially open channel is 0.
Solution
p = q^m * O^N-m.
involving the computation of probabilities for a Bernoulli trial. .pdf
involving the computation of
probabilities for a Bernoulli trial. Assume that n = 9, and p =4/5
Find the probability of at least 1 success and at least 2 failures.
Solution
==================ADDING ALL WE GET ...PROBABILITY = 0.56379...ANSWER.
Investment companies are specialized financial intermediaries that p.pdf
Investment companies are specialized financial intermediaries that provide financial services to
businesses. These investment companies include: (check all that apply)
A. mutual funds
B. private equity firms
C. savings and loans
D. public equity firms
E. hedge funds
Solution
a) mutual funds
b) private equity firms
e) hedge funds.
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the .pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each.
Solution
Microcontroller is a single chip micro computer made through VLSI fabrication. A
microcontroller also called an embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support
circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control. A microcontroller is
available in different word lengths like microprocessors (4bit,8bit,16bit,32bit,64bit and 128 bit
microcontrollers are available today).
Microcontroller Chip
You can find microcontrollers in all kinds of electronic devices these days. Any device that
measures, stores, controls, calculates, or displays information must have a microcontroller chip
inside. The largest single use for microcontrollers is in automobile industry (microcontrollers
widely used for controlling engines and power controls in automobiles). You can also find
microcontrollers inside keyboards, mouse, modems, printers, and other peripherals. In test
equipments, microcontrollers make it easy to add features such as the ability to store
measurements, to create and store user routines, and to display messages and waveforms.
Consumer products that use microcontrollers include digital camcorders, optical players,
LCD/LED display units, etc. And these are just a few examples.
1) A microcontroller basically contains one or more following components:
2) A microcontroller internally consists of all features required for a computing system and
functions as a computer without adding any external digital parts in it.
3) Most of the pins in the microcontroller chip can be made programmable by the user.
4) A microcontroller has many bit handling instructions that can be easily understood by the
programmer.
5) A microcontroller is capable of handling Boolean functions.
6) Higher speed and performance.
7) On-chip ROM structure in a microcontroller provides better firmware security.
8 ) Easy to design with low cost and small size.
Microcontroller structure
The basic structure and block diagram of a microcontroller is shown in the fig (1.1).
Microcontroller Structure
Image Taken From
CPU is the brain of a microcontroller .CPU is responsible for fetching the instruction, decodes it,
then finally executed. CPU connects every part of a microcontroller into a single system. The
primary function of CPU is fetching and decoding instructions. Instruction fetched from program
memory must be decoded by the CPU.
The function of memory in a microcontroller is same as microprocessor. It is used to store data
and program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM (EEPROM,
EPROM, etc) or flash memories for storing program source codes.
Parallel input/output ports are mainly used to drive/interface various devices such as LCD’S,
LED’S, printers, memories, etc to a microcontroller.
Serial ports provide various serial interfaces between microcont.
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the.pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each. 6.4 Assume
the system described in Problem 6.1 is lo be fed from a 4.0V. 2A00 mAh lithium battery.
Estimate the expected battery life, assuming LEDs are driven dynamically at 30% duty cycle.
What would be the regulator efficiency?? Determine the MCU thermal dissipation for the given
loading conditions and verify if it is operating within a safe temperature range.
Solution
An interface is either Input device, or output device, or a storage device, or processing device.
Input devices are used to provide some data to the microcontroller.
e.g. Switch, 4x4 Keypad Matrix, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor, Light Sensor etc. These
devices provide some input to the microcontroller, and this input is called as data.
Output devices are used to present the processed data to user or other equipment.
e.g. LED, LCD, Buzzer, Relay driver, DC Motor Driver, Stepper Motor driver, 7-Segment
Display etc. These devices convert the processed data to such a format, which is understandable
by human or other equipment.
Storage Devices are used to store the data, normally it is expected to store the data even if the
power is switched off. Some of the storage devices are SD/MMC card, EEPROM, DataFlash,
Real Time Clock, etc. These interfaces are used retain the data and this data can be used as and
when required by the microcontroller for further processing
Processing Devices are those interfaces most important as they reduce product development time
and provides out of box solution. E.g. Ethernet Controller interface, USB to TTL interface, SPI
to SD/MMC interface, Digital to analog module, etc. These interface circuits are flexible to
connect with any microcontroller which can talk in their language (sequence of commands).
A simple LED normally requires 0 or 5V to on / off. This is called as digital signal.
A buzzer beep similar to LED but can be beeped even with intermediate voltage levels between 0
to 5V. This variable voltage input is called as analog signal.
A temperature sensor LM35 generates analog voltage in proportion to the temperature. This
analog voltage needs to be connected to Analog Port pin of a microcontroller for processing
temperature data.
Ethernet controller module requires SPI data format to interface with any microcontroller. SPI is
a complex digital communication format.
Thus every interface is unique in its interfacing standards, but they are same at par with all
microcontrollers..
introduce and summarize return on investment (ROI)SolutionRetu.pdf
introduce and summarize return on investment (ROI)
Solution
Return on Investment (ROI)
Return on investment is the return i.e. net profit generated by investments on resources for a
particular period of time.
ROI (%) = (Net profit / Investment) *100
Where,
Net profit = Gross profit.
Intro to surveying1. What are the three primary components of the .pdf
Intro to surveying
1. What are the three primary components of the GPS system? Explain how they function
together to give accurate positioning data.
2. What is the purpose of the control segment of the GPS system.
3. In differential GPS, how does the base station improve the accuracy of the survey?
4. Describe one possible mistake in GPS surveying, and one source of systematic error.
5. Explain why identifying your backsite and foresite is important when taking “angles to the
right”
6. If a leveling circuit used to determine the elevation of a benchmark has a perimeter of 100 km
and a linear misclosure 0.15 m should the survey be redone? Explain.
7. Why is it bad practice to report more significant figures than are technically available?
8. When laying out a traverse why is it important to measure your interior angles from left to
right (Clockwise)?
9. Draw figures of the earth and the Lambert (cone) and Transverse Mercator (cylinder)
projection systems.
10. What are the fundamental differences between the projection systems?
Solution
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a service that is owned by the United States of
America.The Global Positioning System provides it\'s consumers with positioning, navigation,
and timing (PNT) utilities. The Global Positioning System consists of three primary components:
the space component, the control component and the user component. The Air Force of United
States of America develops, maintains and operates the space and control components. (1)Space
Component :- In this component we have a nominal constellation of 24 operating satellites which
inturn is responsible for transmission of one-way signals that provide the current GPS satellite
position and time. (2)Control Component :- In the Control Component we have a worldwide
monitor and control stations which are responsible for maintaining the satellites in their proper
orbits through the occasional command maneuvers and also are responsible for adjusting the
satellite clocks. The control component tracks the GPS satellites aswell as is responsible for
uploading the updated navigational data.The control component also plays a part in maintaining
the health and status of the satellite constellation.(3)User Component:-
In the User Component we have a GPS receiver equipment, which is responsible for receiving
the signals from the GPS satellites.It is also responsible for using the transmitted information for
calculation of the user\'s three-dimensional position and time..
Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Pro.pdf
Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Profit Reform. Next, infer
two (2) challenges that are associated with implementing the reform in non-profits. Provide a
rationale for your response.
Solution
While many initiatives have been introduced under the guise of New Public Management
(NPM), the outsourcing of services to the public is as an important example of the impact of
NPM on the nonprofit sector and the role of professionals. Many government agencies have
introduced competitive tendering and contracting (CTC) in a move towards greater contestability
of public services. Outsourcing advocates point to the potential for “increased flexibility in
service delivery; greater focus on outputs and outcomes rather than inputs; the freeing of public
sector management to focus on higher priority or ‘core’ activities; encouraging suppliers to
provide innovative solutions; and cost savings in providing services due to competition”. The
CTC process presents many challenges for governments and their agencies, as well as for private
and non-profit enterprises who bid for government business or contract for the delivery of
services to the public.
Challenge #1: Calls for accountability in the nonprofit sector have never been stronger, and the
rise of various forms of self-regulation represents a profound shift for nonprofits.The idea of
accountability is ubiquitous in our society and yet is noted for its complexity, ambiguousness,
and context dependency. Even in the face of much research across public, business, and
nonprofit sectors, accountability is a ‘‘multifaceted concept fraught with ambiguity’’ and ‘‘…has
become a cliché´ and, like all cliché’s, is a substitute for thinking’’. Accountability has such
widely varying interpretations and a high degree of abstraction that common understanding of its
detailed implications is often elusive.
Challenge #2: Enhancing Business Ethics or Governance- fiduciary duty requires one to put
another’s interest first. For nonprofits, this first element of governance means putting the
organization’s best interests first. It is based on a high standard of trust which includes a duty of
care, a duty of loyalty and a duty of obedience. Boards and principle officers must govern the
nonprofit organization according to this trust standard. The duty of care requires good faith and
effective governance. The duty of loyalty prohibits organizational harm and requires
commitment to the nonprofit’s best interests. The nonprofit Board must adhere to the
organizational mission to fulfill its duty of obedience..
Interpretation of the main effects must be made taking into consider.pdf
Interpretation of the main effects must be made taking into consideration any 1)interaction
2)controlled variables 3)initial differences 4)randomized designs. answer and explain.
Solution
Answer : Interaction
A statistical interaction occurs when the effect of one INDEPENDENT
variable on theDEPENDENT variable changes depending on the level of another independent
variable.
Like the IQ of a 15yr old girl is different from the IQ level of 80 yr old woman.
International Accounting Standard (IAS) 28 states that the ability t.pdf
International Accounting Standard (IAS) 28 states that the ability to exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee company is the sole criterion of
requiring the application of the equity method. List three conditions of influence and explain
how each would indicate the presence of influence.
Solution
the following three cosnditions may be deemed to indicate the presence of infuence
1) Representation of investor on the board of directors of the investee- the board of directors act
on behalf of the shareholders and looks after the day to day business of the company so if the
investor has a say in board of directors it indicates presence of influence
2) investor participation in the policymaking process of the investee - this also indicates major
influence if the investor can decide the policies like declaring a dividend
3) Technological dependenc- if the investee compay is dependent for technology it in a way is
dependent on the invesor has presence of influence.
Interest rates keep dropping. In my country in northern Europe we no.pdf
Interest rates keep dropping. In my country in northern Europe we now have negative interest
rate - banks have to pay the central bank for lending it their money.
I have two questions:
Why are interest rates lower than any time ever before?
Are low interest rates dangerous? The low interest rates will make it easier to borrow money for
projects that would otherwise not have been possible. Irresponsible lending has proven
dangerous in the past.
Are the low interest rates a way that the central banks are \"artificially resuscitating\" a poor
economy which may finally lead to a crash?
Adding that we have never seen this situation before I ask if this situation with extremely low
interest rates is dangerous?
One aspect of the question is: Are these low interest rates expected to stay low or are they
considered an extreme value in a cyclic variation?
Solution
If by dangerous it is meant they add possible downwards volatility of assets, that could easily be
argued for as:
PV=D/(1+r)t
Where D denotes any future income. This is especially the case if the reason for the low rates is
very easy monetary policy, as such policy cannot be maintained and thus the rate is not
equilibrium rate and must rise, causing a crash in asset values when that happens.
Central banks determinate the interest rates in the short run, their policies are targeted to lower
rates, thus a low rate. The other reason is that of supply and demand. There is not much demand
for credit (no profitable ideas, no more room for consumer credit) and on the other hand the
supply of credit is significant due to central bank action. High supply and low demand equals a
low rate..
Interest Rate SensitivityA bond trader purchased each of the follo.pdf
Interest Rate Sensitivity
A bond trader purchased each of the following bonds at a yield to maturity of 10%. Immediately
after she purchased the bonds, interest rates fell to 6%. What is the percentage change in the
price of each bond after the decline in interest rates? Fill in the following table. Round your
answers to two decimal places.Price @ 10%Price @ 6%Percentage Change10-year, 10% annual
coupon$ $ %10-year zero%5-year zero%30-year zero%$100 perpetuity%
Solution
Price @ 10%
Price @ 6%
Percentage Change
10-year, 10% annual coupon
999.94
1294.42
29%
10-year zero
385.5
558.4
45%
5-year zero
620.9
747.3
20%
30-year zero
57.3
174.1
204%
$100 perpetuity
1000
1667
67%
10-year, 10% annual coupon - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 10%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
100
0.9091
90.91
0.9434
94.34
2
100
0.8264
82.64
0.89
89
3
100
0.7513
75.13
0.8396
83.96
4
100
0.683
68.3
0.7921
79.21
5
100
0.6209
62.09
0.7473
74.73
6
100
0.5644
56.44
0.705
70.5
7
100
0.5132
51.32
0.6651
66.51
8
100
0.4665
46.65
0.6274
62.74
9
100
0.4241
42.41
0.5919
59.19
10
1100
0.3855
424.05
0.5584
614.24
Price of the Bond
999.94
1294.42
10-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
0
0.9091
0
0.9434
0
2
0
0.8264
0
0.89
0
3
0
0.7513
0
0.8396
0
4
0
0.683
0
0.7921
0
5
0
0.6209
0
0.7473
0
6
0
0.5644
0
0.705
0
7
0
0.5132
0
0.6651
0
8
0
0.4665
0
0.6274
0
9
0
0.4241
0
0.5919
0
10
1000
0.3855
385.5
0.5584
558.4
Price of the Bond
385.5
558.4
5-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
0
0.9091
0
0.9434
0
2
0
0.8264
0
0.89
0
3
0
0.7513
0
0.8396
0
4
0
0.683
0
0.7921
0
5
1000
0.6209
620.9
0.7473
747.3
Price of the Bond
620.9
747.3
30-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
30th Year
1000
0.0573
57.3
0.1741
174.1
Price of the Bond
57.3
174.1
$100 perpetuity
Applying Gordon Model
Price of the Bond
$100/Ytm @ 10%
1000
$100/ YTM @ 6%.
1667
Price @ 10%
Price @ 6%
Percentage Change
10-year, 10% annual coupon
999.94
1294.42
29%
10-year zero
385.5
558.4
45%
5-year zero
620.9
747.3
20%
30-year zero
57.3
174.1
204%
$100 perpetuity
1000
1667
67%
10-year, 10% annual coupon - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 10%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
100
0.9091
90.91
0.9434
94.34
2
100
0.8264
82.64
0.89
89
3
100
0.7513
75.13
0.8396
83.96
4
100
0.683
68.3
0.7921
79.21
5
100
0.6209
62.09
0.7473
74.73
6
100
0.5644
56.44
0.705
70.5
7
100
0.5132
51.32
0.6651
66.51
8
100
0.4665
46.65
0.6274
62.74
9
100
0.4241
42.41
0.5919
59.19
10
1100
0.3855
424.05
0.5584
614.24
Price of the Bond
999.94
1294.4.
Interest rate have been at their historic lows in japan, Europe, and.pdf
Interest rate have been at their historic lows in japan, Europe, and North America for several
years but they are beginning to inch up in some economies. What are the exchange rate
implications for American companies operating abroad in 2015 and beyond?
Solution
Interest rates and exchange rate share positive relationship. It means higher interest rates causes
an appreciation in exchange rate. Since the interest rates started inching up in America,
American dollar will get a boost and it will rise up. This appreciation in US dollar will detriment
American companies working abroad as in dollar terms they will now get a lower amount of
money as the currency they are operating ( If operating in India, operating currency will be
rupee), has been depreciated and this and they will get less dollar if converted ..
Internal auditing is a company function thatSelect oneA. Audit.pdf
Internal auditing is a company function that:
Select one:
A. Audits the firm\'s financial statements and expresses an opinion on them
B. Provides independent appraisals of the company\'s financial statements, its internal control,
and its operations
C. Prepares the firm\'s income tax returns
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Solution
Internal auditing is a company function that
B. Provides independent appraisals of the company\'s financial statements, its internal control,
and its operations.
Infrastructure Analysis In 1-2 pages, evaluate the infrastructure o.pdf
Infrastructure Analysis: In 1-2 pages, evaluate the infrastructure of a country of your choice,
using the CIA’s website as well as others, in order to determine the state of the infrastructure of
that country.
Solution
Infrastructure Analysis and evaluation of Infrastructure of a country of your choice:
Infrasture Analysis:The analysis of infrastructure is the analysis of the works done by a country
in order to develop its nation the analysis is done by various organisation in the world to
understand better lets take example, like infrastruture in region is for parameters like electric
delivery system that support society or system,Information technology infra. is also a common in
terms of analysis , it also analysis works done in order to check the works of the government
organisation.
We will take the country :Belgium in this evaluation:Belgium is a private and open based
economu that has capitalisaed on its geographical location , highly develeoped transport netwrok
and diversified industrial and commercial base>industry is concentrated mainly in more heavly
populated aregions in north .Belgium in parts of substantial quantities of raw material and it has
infrastructure for exports of large volume of manufacture ,making its economy shifts in ,it
structure has low growth rate and high unemployement , It has great infrastructure for living and
other amenties but the growth rate is not so good ..
Insist on yourself, never imitate......every great manis unique.pdf
Insist on yourself, never imitate......every great manis unique\"
Solution
No one knows what it is, nor can they, till that person hasexpressed it. Where is the master who
could have taughtShakespeare? Where is the master who could have instructedFranklin, or
Washington, or Lincoln, or Kennedy?
Every great man is unique. The Kafkaesqueness of Kafka isprecisely that part he couldn\'t
borrow. Another Shakespeare willnever be made by the study of Shakespeare. Do what\'s
assigned toyou, and you can\'t hope too much or dare too much. Right now thereis something for
you to say as huge as the chisel of Michelangelo,or the trowel of the Egyptians, or the pen of
Moses or Dante, butdifferent from all of them.
A rich, eloquent soul with a thousand-branched tongue will neverrepeat itself. But if you can
hear what these masters say, you cansurely reply to them in the same tone of voice, because the
ear andthe tongue are two parts of the same whole. Live in the simple andnoble regions of your
life, obey your heart, and you\'ll recreatethe Wonders of the Ages..
Information is given about a polynomial f(x) whose coefficients are .pdf
Information is given about a polynomial f(x) whose coefficients are real numbers. Find the
remaing zeros of f.
Degree 3 ; zeros : -7 , -2 , -i
Enter the remaining zeros of f.
*** PLEASE SHOW WORK ***
Solution
since complex zeros come in conjugate pairs , remaining zero is i.
Information about what types of lighting fixtures are suitable for w.pdf
Information about what types of lighting fixtures are suitable for which types of installations can
be found in ?
1) National Electrical Codea
2) UL general information about electrical products ( White book)
3) UL electrical construction material directory(green book)
4) all of these
Solution
1) National Electrical Code.
Information Quality (20 points)You have come across a chunk of cas.pdf
Information Quality (20 points)
You have come across a chunk of cash you want to invest in a company. Being a do-it-
yourselfer, home-fixer-upper. You are seriously considering buying stock in Home Depot or
Lowes.
In the context of whether you should purchase either Home Depot or Lowes stock, demonstrate
your understanding of the elements of information quality (IQ) listed below by providing
concrete examples of information that clearly illustrate the presence and/or absence of each IQ
element in your decision. For example, if you were discussing the element of completeness, you
might provide this example: If I only had the companies’ balance sheet and income statement, I
would have an incomplete picture of the company because I would not understand how they
manage their cash flows.
REMEMBER! IQ IS ABOUT INFORMATION! Not about processes, or companies, or anything
else. It’s about the quality of information. So your descriptions below should apply to how the
element is present or absent it the available information.
Relevance –
Verifiability –
Reliability –
Timeliness –
Understandability -
Solution
Relevance: It is the concept that the information generated by an Accounting system in a timely
manner
should impact the decision- making
For example, When the management is trying to replace the equipment, it is irrelevant
to see
its original cost. What is relevant is Cost of new equipment and savings in replacement
cost of old one.
Verifiability: It is the ability to see how a company arrives at a certain result from the data it
provides.
Verifiability helps to assure users that information represents faithfully what it
purports to represent.
In other words, information is verifiable if it can be audited.
For example, If the management says a particular asset worth $10,000 and for the
same amount
you could able to get confimation from outside accountant. If not, the result isn\'t
verifiable.
Reliability: Accounting Information is reliable if a user can depend upon it to be materially
accurate and if it
faithfully represents the information that it purports to present.Omissions or
misstatements in financial
statements reduce the reliability of information contained in them.
Reliability is acheived when thee information is verifiable and objective.
For example, company XYZ ltd is being sued for damages by a rival firm, settlement
of which could
threaten the financial stability of the company. Non-disclosure of this information
would render the
financial statements unreliable for its users.
Timeliness: Timeliness principle in accounting refers to the need for accounting information to
be presented to the
users in time to fulfill their decision making needs.
For example, Users of accounting information must be provided financial
statements on a timely
basis to ensure that their financial decisions are based on up to date information
Understandability: Understandability is the concept that financial information should be
presented so that a reader
can .
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
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Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the.pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each. 6.4 Assume
the system described in Problem 6.1 is lo be fed from a 4.0V. 2A00 mAh lithium battery.
Estimate the expected battery life, assuming LEDs are driven dynamically at 30% duty cycle.
What would be the regulator efficiency?? Determine the MCU thermal dissipation for the given
loading conditions and verify if it is operating within a safe temperature range.
Solution
An interface is either Input device, or output device, or a storage device, or processing device.
Input devices are used to provide some data to the microcontroller.
e.g. Switch, 4x4 Keypad Matrix, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor, Light Sensor etc. These
devices provide some input to the microcontroller, and this input is called as data.
Output devices are used to present the processed data to user or other equipment.
e.g. LED, LCD, Buzzer, Relay driver, DC Motor Driver, Stepper Motor driver, 7-Segment
Display etc. These devices convert the processed data to such a format, which is understandable
by human or other equipment.
Storage Devices are used to store the data, normally it is expected to store the data even if the
power is switched off. Some of the storage devices are SD/MMC card, EEPROM, DataFlash,
Real Time Clock, etc. These interfaces are used retain the data and this data can be used as and
when required by the microcontroller for further processing
Processing Devices are those interfaces most important as they reduce product development time
and provides out of box solution. E.g. Ethernet Controller interface, USB to TTL interface, SPI
to SD/MMC interface, Digital to analog module, etc. These interface circuits are flexible to
connect with any microcontroller which can talk in their language (sequence of commands).
A simple LED normally requires 0 or 5V to on / off. This is called as digital signal.
A buzzer beep similar to LED but can be beeped even with intermediate voltage levels between 0
to 5V. This variable voltage input is called as analog signal.
A temperature sensor LM35 generates analog voltage in proportion to the temperature. This
analog voltage needs to be connected to Analog Port pin of a microcontroller for processing
temperature data.
Ethernet controller module requires SPI data format to interface with any microcontroller. SPI is
a complex digital communication format.
Thus every interface is unique in its interfacing standards, but they are same at par with all
microcontrollers..
introduce and summarize return on investment (ROI)SolutionRetu.pdf
introduce and summarize return on investment (ROI)
Solution
Return on Investment (ROI)
Return on investment is the return i.e. net profit generated by investments on resources for a
particular period of time.
ROI (%) = (Net profit / Investment) *100
Where,
Net profit = Gross profit.
Intro to surveying1. What are the three primary components of the .pdf
Intro to surveying
1. What are the three primary components of the GPS system? Explain how they function
together to give accurate positioning data.
2. What is the purpose of the control segment of the GPS system.
3. In differential GPS, how does the base station improve the accuracy of the survey?
4. Describe one possible mistake in GPS surveying, and one source of systematic error.
5. Explain why identifying your backsite and foresite is important when taking “angles to the
right”
6. If a leveling circuit used to determine the elevation of a benchmark has a perimeter of 100 km
and a linear misclosure 0.15 m should the survey be redone? Explain.
7. Why is it bad practice to report more significant figures than are technically available?
8. When laying out a traverse why is it important to measure your interior angles from left to
right (Clockwise)?
9. Draw figures of the earth and the Lambert (cone) and Transverse Mercator (cylinder)
projection systems.
10. What are the fundamental differences between the projection systems?
Solution
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a service that is owned by the United States of
America.The Global Positioning System provides it\'s consumers with positioning, navigation,
and timing (PNT) utilities. The Global Positioning System consists of three primary components:
the space component, the control component and the user component. The Air Force of United
States of America develops, maintains and operates the space and control components. (1)Space
Component :- In this component we have a nominal constellation of 24 operating satellites which
inturn is responsible for transmission of one-way signals that provide the current GPS satellite
position and time. (2)Control Component :- In the Control Component we have a worldwide
monitor and control stations which are responsible for maintaining the satellites in their proper
orbits through the occasional command maneuvers and also are responsible for adjusting the
satellite clocks. The control component tracks the GPS satellites aswell as is responsible for
uploading the updated navigational data.The control component also plays a part in maintaining
the health and status of the satellite constellation.(3)User Component:-
In the User Component we have a GPS receiver equipment, which is responsible for receiving
the signals from the GPS satellites.It is also responsible for using the transmitted information for
calculation of the user\'s three-dimensional position and time..
Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Pro.pdf
Interpret the significant impact of New Public Management on Non-Profit Reform. Next, infer
two (2) challenges that are associated with implementing the reform in non-profits. Provide a
rationale for your response.
Solution
While many initiatives have been introduced under the guise of New Public Management
(NPM), the outsourcing of services to the public is as an important example of the impact of
NPM on the nonprofit sector and the role of professionals. Many government agencies have
introduced competitive tendering and contracting (CTC) in a move towards greater contestability
of public services. Outsourcing advocates point to the potential for “increased flexibility in
service delivery; greater focus on outputs and outcomes rather than inputs; the freeing of public
sector management to focus on higher priority or ‘core’ activities; encouraging suppliers to
provide innovative solutions; and cost savings in providing services due to competition”. The
CTC process presents many challenges for governments and their agencies, as well as for private
and non-profit enterprises who bid for government business or contract for the delivery of
services to the public.
Challenge #1: Calls for accountability in the nonprofit sector have never been stronger, and the
rise of various forms of self-regulation represents a profound shift for nonprofits.The idea of
accountability is ubiquitous in our society and yet is noted for its complexity, ambiguousness,
and context dependency. Even in the face of much research across public, business, and
nonprofit sectors, accountability is a ‘‘multifaceted concept fraught with ambiguity’’ and ‘‘…has
become a cliché´ and, like all cliché’s, is a substitute for thinking’’. Accountability has such
widely varying interpretations and a high degree of abstraction that common understanding of its
detailed implications is often elusive.
Challenge #2: Enhancing Business Ethics or Governance- fiduciary duty requires one to put
another’s interest first. For nonprofits, this first element of governance means putting the
organization’s best interests first. It is based on a high standard of trust which includes a duty of
care, a duty of loyalty and a duty of obedience. Boards and principle officers must govern the
nonprofit organization according to this trust standard. The duty of care requires good faith and
effective governance. The duty of loyalty prohibits organizational harm and requires
commitment to the nonprofit’s best interests. The nonprofit Board must adhere to the
organizational mission to fulfill its duty of obedience..
Interpretation of the main effects must be made taking into consider.pdf
Interpretation of the main effects must be made taking into consideration any 1)interaction
2)controlled variables 3)initial differences 4)randomized designs. answer and explain.
Solution
Answer : Interaction
A statistical interaction occurs when the effect of one INDEPENDENT
variable on theDEPENDENT variable changes depending on the level of another independent
variable.
Like the IQ of a 15yr old girl is different from the IQ level of 80 yr old woman.
International Accounting Standard (IAS) 28 states that the ability t.pdf
International Accounting Standard (IAS) 28 states that the ability to exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of an investee company is the sole criterion of
requiring the application of the equity method. List three conditions of influence and explain
how each would indicate the presence of influence.
Solution
the following three cosnditions may be deemed to indicate the presence of infuence
1) Representation of investor on the board of directors of the investee- the board of directors act
on behalf of the shareholders and looks after the day to day business of the company so if the
investor has a say in board of directors it indicates presence of influence
2) investor participation in the policymaking process of the investee - this also indicates major
influence if the investor can decide the policies like declaring a dividend
3) Technological dependenc- if the investee compay is dependent for technology it in a way is
dependent on the invesor has presence of influence.
Interest rates keep dropping. In my country in northern Europe we no.pdf
Interest rates keep dropping. In my country in northern Europe we now have negative interest
rate - banks have to pay the central bank for lending it their money.
I have two questions:
Why are interest rates lower than any time ever before?
Are low interest rates dangerous? The low interest rates will make it easier to borrow money for
projects that would otherwise not have been possible. Irresponsible lending has proven
dangerous in the past.
Are the low interest rates a way that the central banks are \"artificially resuscitating\" a poor
economy which may finally lead to a crash?
Adding that we have never seen this situation before I ask if this situation with extremely low
interest rates is dangerous?
One aspect of the question is: Are these low interest rates expected to stay low or are they
considered an extreme value in a cyclic variation?
Solution
If by dangerous it is meant they add possible downwards volatility of assets, that could easily be
argued for as:
PV=D/(1+r)t
Where D denotes any future income. This is especially the case if the reason for the low rates is
very easy monetary policy, as such policy cannot be maintained and thus the rate is not
equilibrium rate and must rise, causing a crash in asset values when that happens.
Central banks determinate the interest rates in the short run, their policies are targeted to lower
rates, thus a low rate. The other reason is that of supply and demand. There is not much demand
for credit (no profitable ideas, no more room for consumer credit) and on the other hand the
supply of credit is significant due to central bank action. High supply and low demand equals a
low rate..
Interest Rate SensitivityA bond trader purchased each of the follo.pdf
Interest Rate Sensitivity
A bond trader purchased each of the following bonds at a yield to maturity of 10%. Immediately
after she purchased the bonds, interest rates fell to 6%. What is the percentage change in the
price of each bond after the decline in interest rates? Fill in the following table. Round your
answers to two decimal places.Price @ 10%Price @ 6%Percentage Change10-year, 10% annual
coupon$ $ %10-year zero%5-year zero%30-year zero%$100 perpetuity%
Solution
Price @ 10%
Price @ 6%
Percentage Change
10-year, 10% annual coupon
999.94
1294.42
29%
10-year zero
385.5
558.4
45%
5-year zero
620.9
747.3
20%
30-year zero
57.3
174.1
204%
$100 perpetuity
1000
1667
67%
10-year, 10% annual coupon - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 10%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
100
0.9091
90.91
0.9434
94.34
2
100
0.8264
82.64
0.89
89
3
100
0.7513
75.13
0.8396
83.96
4
100
0.683
68.3
0.7921
79.21
5
100
0.6209
62.09
0.7473
74.73
6
100
0.5644
56.44
0.705
70.5
7
100
0.5132
51.32
0.6651
66.51
8
100
0.4665
46.65
0.6274
62.74
9
100
0.4241
42.41
0.5919
59.19
10
1100
0.3855
424.05
0.5584
614.24
Price of the Bond
999.94
1294.42
10-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
0
0.9091
0
0.9434
0
2
0
0.8264
0
0.89
0
3
0
0.7513
0
0.8396
0
4
0
0.683
0
0.7921
0
5
0
0.6209
0
0.7473
0
6
0
0.5644
0
0.705
0
7
0
0.5132
0
0.6651
0
8
0
0.4665
0
0.6274
0
9
0
0.4241
0
0.5919
0
10
1000
0.3855
385.5
0.5584
558.4
Price of the Bond
385.5
558.4
5-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
0
0.9091
0
0.9434
0
2
0
0.8264
0
0.89
0
3
0
0.7513
0
0.8396
0
4
0
0.683
0
0.7921
0
5
1000
0.6209
620.9
0.7473
747.3
Price of the Bond
620.9
747.3
30-year zero - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 0%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
30th Year
1000
0.0573
57.3
0.1741
174.1
Price of the Bond
57.3
174.1
$100 perpetuity
Applying Gordon Model
Price of the Bond
$100/Ytm @ 10%
1000
$100/ YTM @ 6%.
1667
Price @ 10%
Price @ 6%
Percentage Change
10-year, 10% annual coupon
999.94
1294.42
29%
10-year zero
385.5
558.4
45%
5-year zero
620.9
747.3
20%
30-year zero
57.3
174.1
204%
$100 perpetuity
1000
1667
67%
10-year, 10% annual coupon - Assuming Face value 1000$
Year
Cash flow ( Coupon @ 10%+ Redemption Price )
PVF @ YTM 10%
Price of Bond @ 10% YTM
PVF @ YTM 6%
Price of Bond @ 6% YTM
1
100
0.9091
90.91
0.9434
94.34
2
100
0.8264
82.64
0.89
89
3
100
0.7513
75.13
0.8396
83.96
4
100
0.683
68.3
0.7921
79.21
5
100
0.6209
62.09
0.7473
74.73
6
100
0.5644
56.44
0.705
70.5
7
100
0.5132
51.32
0.6651
66.51
8
100
0.4665
46.65
0.6274
62.74
9
100
0.4241
42.41
0.5919
59.19
10
1100
0.3855
424.05
0.5584
614.24
Price of the Bond
999.94
1294.4.
Interest rate have been at their historic lows in japan, Europe, and.pdf
Interest rate have been at their historic lows in japan, Europe, and North America for several
years but they are beginning to inch up in some economies. What are the exchange rate
implications for American companies operating abroad in 2015 and beyond?
Solution
Interest rates and exchange rate share positive relationship. It means higher interest rates causes
an appreciation in exchange rate. Since the interest rates started inching up in America,
American dollar will get a boost and it will rise up. This appreciation in US dollar will detriment
American companies working abroad as in dollar terms they will now get a lower amount of
money as the currency they are operating ( If operating in India, operating currency will be
rupee), has been depreciated and this and they will get less dollar if converted ..
Internal auditing is a company function thatSelect oneA. Audit.pdf
Internal auditing is a company function that:
Select one:
A. Audits the firm\'s financial statements and expresses an opinion on them
B. Provides independent appraisals of the company\'s financial statements, its internal control,
and its operations
C. Prepares the firm\'s income tax returns
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Solution
Internal auditing is a company function that
B. Provides independent appraisals of the company\'s financial statements, its internal control,
and its operations.
Infrastructure Analysis In 1-2 pages, evaluate the infrastructure o.pdf
Infrastructure Analysis: In 1-2 pages, evaluate the infrastructure of a country of your choice,
using the CIA’s website as well as others, in order to determine the state of the infrastructure of
that country.
Solution
Infrastructure Analysis and evaluation of Infrastructure of a country of your choice:
Infrasture Analysis:The analysis of infrastructure is the analysis of the works done by a country
in order to develop its nation the analysis is done by various organisation in the world to
understand better lets take example, like infrastruture in region is for parameters like electric
delivery system that support society or system,Information technology infra. is also a common in
terms of analysis , it also analysis works done in order to check the works of the government
organisation.
We will take the country :Belgium in this evaluation:Belgium is a private and open based
economu that has capitalisaed on its geographical location , highly develeoped transport netwrok
and diversified industrial and commercial base>industry is concentrated mainly in more heavly
populated aregions in north .Belgium in parts of substantial quantities of raw material and it has
infrastructure for exports of large volume of manufacture ,making its economy shifts in ,it
structure has low growth rate and high unemployement , It has great infrastructure for living and
other amenties but the growth rate is not so good ..
Insist on yourself, never imitate......every great manis unique.pdf
Insist on yourself, never imitate......every great manis unique\"
Solution
No one knows what it is, nor can they, till that person hasexpressed it. Where is the master who
could have taughtShakespeare? Where is the master who could have instructedFranklin, or
Washington, or Lincoln, or Kennedy?
Every great man is unique. The Kafkaesqueness of Kafka isprecisely that part he couldn\'t
borrow. Another Shakespeare willnever be made by the study of Shakespeare. Do what\'s
assigned toyou, and you can\'t hope too much or dare too much. Right now thereis something for
you to say as huge as the chisel of Michelangelo,or the trowel of the Egyptians, or the pen of
Moses or Dante, butdifferent from all of them.
A rich, eloquent soul with a thousand-branched tongue will neverrepeat itself. But if you can
hear what these masters say, you cansurely reply to them in the same tone of voice, because the
ear andthe tongue are two parts of the same whole. Live in the simple andnoble regions of your
life, obey your heart, and you\'ll recreatethe Wonders of the Ages..
Information is given about a polynomial f(x) whose coefficients are .pdf
Information is given about a polynomial f(x) whose coefficients are real numbers. Find the
remaing zeros of f.
Degree 3 ; zeros : -7 , -2 , -i
Enter the remaining zeros of f.
*** PLEASE SHOW WORK ***
Solution
since complex zeros come in conjugate pairs , remaining zero is i.
Information about what types of lighting fixtures are suitable for w.pdf
Information about what types of lighting fixtures are suitable for which types of installations can
be found in ?
1) National Electrical Codea
2) UL general information about electrical products ( White book)
3) UL electrical construction material directory(green book)
4) all of these
Solution
1) National Electrical Code.
Information Quality (20 points)You have come across a chunk of cas.pdf
Information Quality (20 points)
You have come across a chunk of cash you want to invest in a company. Being a do-it-
yourselfer, home-fixer-upper. You are seriously considering buying stock in Home Depot or
Lowes.
In the context of whether you should purchase either Home Depot or Lowes stock, demonstrate
your understanding of the elements of information quality (IQ) listed below by providing
concrete examples of information that clearly illustrate the presence and/or absence of each IQ
element in your decision. For example, if you were discussing the element of completeness, you
might provide this example: If I only had the companies’ balance sheet and income statement, I
would have an incomplete picture of the company because I would not understand how they
manage their cash flows.
REMEMBER! IQ IS ABOUT INFORMATION! Not about processes, or companies, or anything
else. It’s about the quality of information. So your descriptions below should apply to how the
element is present or absent it the available information.
Relevance –
Verifiability –
Reliability –
Timeliness –
Understandability -
Solution
Relevance: It is the concept that the information generated by an Accounting system in a timely
manner
should impact the decision- making
For example, When the management is trying to replace the equipment, it is irrelevant
to see
its original cost. What is relevant is Cost of new equipment and savings in replacement
cost of old one.
Verifiability: It is the ability to see how a company arrives at a certain result from the data it
provides.
Verifiability helps to assure users that information represents faithfully what it
purports to represent.
In other words, information is verifiable if it can be audited.
For example, If the management says a particular asset worth $10,000 and for the
same amount
you could able to get confimation from outside accountant. If not, the result isn\'t
verifiable.
Reliability: Accounting Information is reliable if a user can depend upon it to be materially
accurate and if it
faithfully represents the information that it purports to present.Omissions or
misstatements in financial
statements reduce the reliability of information contained in them.
Reliability is acheived when thee information is verifiable and objective.
For example, company XYZ ltd is being sued for damages by a rival firm, settlement
of which could
threaten the financial stability of the company. Non-disclosure of this information
would render the
financial statements unreliable for its users.
Timeliness: Timeliness principle in accounting refers to the need for accounting information to
be presented to the
users in time to fulfill their decision making needs.
For example, Users of accounting information must be provided financial
statements on a timely
basis to ensure that their financial decisions are based on up to date information
Understandability: Understandability is the concept that financial information should be
presented so that a reader
can .
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