This document summarizes a research paper on competition in the life insurance sector in India. It provides background on the history and evolution of life insurance in India, including the nationalization of the industry in 1956 and the recommendations of the Malhotra Committee in 1994 to privatize the sector. It lists the current public and private life insurers operating in India, noting that LIC maintains over 70% market share. The paper examines issues around competition and dominance in the life insurance market.
The document is an industrial training project report submitted by a student for their MBA program. It includes sections on the declaration, preface, acknowledgements, and an index of topics to be covered in the report such as the company and sector profiles, tasks undertaken during training, analysis, SWOT analysis, and conclusions. The report was prepared during a training internship at Bharti AXA Life Insurance to fulfill the practical training requirements of the MBA program.
Dynamics of-agency-recruitment-insurnace-sector1Nagpur home
The document is an industrial training project report submitted by a student for their MBA program. It provides an overview of the insurance sector in India, including a brief history highlighting key milestones such as the nationalization of insurance companies in 1956 and their privatization in 1999-2000. It discusses the underdeveloped state of the insurance market in India prior to privatization and the reasons for private insurance companies entering the Indian market, such as low penetration rates and the inability of LIC to cover more than 10-15% of the population.
A study on the growth of indian insurance sectoriaemedu
The document summarizes the growth and development of the Indian insurance sector. It discusses key milestones like the nationalization of life insurance in 1956 and general insurance in 1972. It then covers the liberalization period starting in 1999 with the establishment of IRDA, which allowed private players to enter the market. Today there are 29 insurance companies with private players controlling around 26% of life and non-life markets. While competition has increased, the four public sector insurers still dominate with over 70% combined market share. The document also provides tables outlining the major players in life and general insurance.
This document provides an overview of the insurance industry in India, including its history and current regulatory structure. It discusses the establishment of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) in 1999 and 2000 to regulate the industry and allow private companies. The life insurance industry is growing rapidly, projected to reach $2000 billion by 2009-2010, with private companies growing at 140% compared to 35-40% for state-owned companies. Private companies have increased their market share from 3% to 30% in recent years by offering competitive policies and rates of return. The overall insurance sector size is estimated to be $500 billion currently and expected to continue growing significantly.
This document provides a history of the insurance sector in India. It discusses key milestones such as the establishment of the first insurance companies in the 18th and 19th centuries. The sector was nationalized in 1956 and 1972. Reforms began in 1991 with the Malhotra Committee report, leading to the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act in 1999, which opened the sector to private companies. Today there are 29 insurance companies operating, with both public and private sector players competing in the growing market. However, public sector companies still dominate with over 70% market share.
The document discusses the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), which regulates and develops the insurance industry in India. It was established in 1999 by an act of Parliament. IRDAI operates from its headquarters in Hyderabad, Telangana. It oversees 24 life insurance companies and 28 general insurance companies in India. IRDAI's goals include protecting policyholders, promoting fair practices in the insurance industry, and ensuring its orderly growth to benefit the Indian economy.
The insurance sector in India is governed by various acts and regulations. It has grown significantly in recent decades but penetration remains low, with over 80% of the population lacking life or health insurance. Reforms including allowing private companies and 26% foreign ownership have increased competition and improved products. The regulatory framework continues developing to promote growth while protecting policyholders.
Indian insurance sector has seen significant growth post liberalization. There are now 52 insurance companies of which 45 are private. The sector is estimated to need $8 billion in capital to improve solvency and increase penetration. Life insurance premium grew 11.84% in 2015-16 while non-life premium grew 12%. Growing incomes and changing demographics present opportunities for growth. ICICI Prudential Life is the largest private life insurer in India with a 24.2% market share in the private sector.
The document is an industrial training project report submitted by a student for their MBA program. It includes sections on the declaration, preface, acknowledgements, and an index of topics to be covered in the report such as the company and sector profiles, tasks undertaken during training, analysis, SWOT analysis, and conclusions. The report was prepared during a training internship at Bharti AXA Life Insurance to fulfill the practical training requirements of the MBA program.
Dynamics of-agency-recruitment-insurnace-sector1Nagpur home
The document is an industrial training project report submitted by a student for their MBA program. It provides an overview of the insurance sector in India, including a brief history highlighting key milestones such as the nationalization of insurance companies in 1956 and their privatization in 1999-2000. It discusses the underdeveloped state of the insurance market in India prior to privatization and the reasons for private insurance companies entering the Indian market, such as low penetration rates and the inability of LIC to cover more than 10-15% of the population.
A study on the growth of indian insurance sectoriaemedu
The document summarizes the growth and development of the Indian insurance sector. It discusses key milestones like the nationalization of life insurance in 1956 and general insurance in 1972. It then covers the liberalization period starting in 1999 with the establishment of IRDA, which allowed private players to enter the market. Today there are 29 insurance companies with private players controlling around 26% of life and non-life markets. While competition has increased, the four public sector insurers still dominate with over 70% combined market share. The document also provides tables outlining the major players in life and general insurance.
This document provides an overview of the insurance industry in India, including its history and current regulatory structure. It discusses the establishment of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) in 1999 and 2000 to regulate the industry and allow private companies. The life insurance industry is growing rapidly, projected to reach $2000 billion by 2009-2010, with private companies growing at 140% compared to 35-40% for state-owned companies. Private companies have increased their market share from 3% to 30% in recent years by offering competitive policies and rates of return. The overall insurance sector size is estimated to be $500 billion currently and expected to continue growing significantly.
This document provides a history of the insurance sector in India. It discusses key milestones such as the establishment of the first insurance companies in the 18th and 19th centuries. The sector was nationalized in 1956 and 1972. Reforms began in 1991 with the Malhotra Committee report, leading to the passage of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act in 1999, which opened the sector to private companies. Today there are 29 insurance companies operating, with both public and private sector players competing in the growing market. However, public sector companies still dominate with over 70% market share.
The document discusses the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), which regulates and develops the insurance industry in India. It was established in 1999 by an act of Parliament. IRDAI operates from its headquarters in Hyderabad, Telangana. It oversees 24 life insurance companies and 28 general insurance companies in India. IRDAI's goals include protecting policyholders, promoting fair practices in the insurance industry, and ensuring its orderly growth to benefit the Indian economy.
The insurance sector in India is governed by various acts and regulations. It has grown significantly in recent decades but penetration remains low, with over 80% of the population lacking life or health insurance. Reforms including allowing private companies and 26% foreign ownership have increased competition and improved products. The regulatory framework continues developing to promote growth while protecting policyholders.
Indian insurance sector has seen significant growth post liberalization. There are now 52 insurance companies of which 45 are private. The sector is estimated to need $8 billion in capital to improve solvency and increase penetration. Life insurance premium grew 11.84% in 2015-16 while non-life premium grew 12%. Growing incomes and changing demographics present opportunities for growth. ICICI Prudential Life is the largest private life insurer in India with a 24.2% market share in the private sector.
This document provides a summary of a research paper that compares the public and private life insurance companies in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the objectives of comparing customer perceptions of service quality and analyzing the financial performance of public versus private insurers. The introduction provides background on the growth of the insurance sector in India. It then examines the performance of the public insurer LIC and private insurers based on financial ratios like liquidity, solvency, and leverage. The study found that LIC has stronger financial performance and stability compared to private insurers.
This document provides an overview of the insurance sector in India, including its history, current state, and prospects. It discusses key milestones in the development of life and general insurance in India. It outlines the current regulatory framework and major players. It also places the Indian insurance sector in a global context, noting opportunities for growth. While penetration and density are still low compared to other countries, factors like deregulation, technology, and a large population provide potential for expansion. Issues around product diversification and quality of agents need addressing. The sector is poised for continued growth if it offers innovative products tailored to customer needs.
Penetration Of Life Insurance and General Insurance In IndiaSudipta Das
The document summarizes the evolution of the life insurance and general insurance industries in India. It discusses how the industries were previously dominated by state-owned entities but have since opened up to private and foreign competition following deregulation in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This has led to rapid growth in the industries, with the market share of private insurers increasing each year. The document also examines trends in various insurance sub-sectors like health and motor insurance, and discusses some of the opportunities and challenges for further developing the insurance industry in India.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Bunty Bhagat for his MBA program. It discusses the history and development of the Indian life and general insurance industries. It provides an overview of the major players in the industry, including the public sector companies LIC and GIC, as well as private sector companies like HDFC Standard Life Insurance and Max New York Life Insurance that have entered the market. The report will analyze customer buying behavior and market segmentation in the insurance industry through research methodology and primary data collection.
This document provides an index and table of contents for a research report. The index lists 8 chapters that will be covered in the report, including introductions to the industry and company, research methodology, objectives, conclusions, and recommendations. It also includes acknowledgments and an executive summary. The executive summary previews that the report will compare life insurance products from HDFC Standard Life to major competitors in the market.
This document provides an overview of Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India. It discusses that LIC was established in 1956 by the Parliament of India by consolidating over 245 private life insurance companies. LIC is wholly owned by the Government of India and is the largest life insurance company in India. The document outlines LIC's history, functions, benefits of life insurance, plans offered, rights of policyholders, subsidiaries and interesting facts such as LIC being the largest insurer in the world with over 29 crore policyholders.
The document provides an overview of the Indian insurance industry. Some key points:
- The overall insurance industry in India is expected to reach $280 billion by 2020, with life and non-life insurance growing rapidly.
- Private sector players have increased their market share in both life and non-life insurance segments over the past decade.
- Growth is expected to be driven by segments like crop, health and motor insurance. Enrolment in government schemes is also increasing insurance penetration.
- Total life insurance premiums reached $64.8 billion in FY17, while non-life premiums were $23.38 billion in FY18. Both segments have seen strong growth over the past years
This document provides an overview of the history and objectives of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). It discusses how LIC was established in 1956 by nationalizing 245 Indian and foreign insurance companies. The key objectives of LIC are to widely provide life insurance, particularly in rural areas, and provide financial protection to insurable persons at reasonable cost while maximizing the mobilization of peoples' savings.
The document provides an overview of the Indian insurance industry. It discusses the market size, key players, and LIC's dominance. It also covers entry barriers like foreign ownership restrictions, high capital requirements, and lack of composite licenses. Competition is increasing as private players challenge LIC's monopoly, though LIC and GIC still dominate market share. The future growth depends on improved customer-centric products and distribution channels to increase rural penetration.
The document discusses the present state and prospects of the Indian insurance sector in a global context. It provides a brief history of insurance in India and outlines key milestones. It also discusses the current scenario in India, comparing factors like insurance penetration and density to other countries. The major driving forces for the industry are identified as globalization, deregulation, and the growing market opportunities in India. Issues facing the sector include a need for diversification and improving agent quality. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of a well-regulated insurance industry for future economic progress in India.
This document summarizes the performance of the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) from 1999-2000 to 2008-2009. It discusses that LIC saw fluctuating growth in policies issued, premiums collected, and number of agents. While some years saw high growth rates, others saw declines. Overall, the compound growth rate for policies was 9.25% and premiums was 13.64%, showing good performance. It also discusses how LIC competes in the private insurance market in India and the changes to the insurance sector since privatization.
HDFC Standard Life Insurance is a leading private life insurance company in India. It is a joint venture between HDFC, a major housing finance company, and Standard Life of the UK. The document discusses HDFC Standard Life's products, growth, awards, and expansion efforts. It also provides background on the insurance industry in India, including key regulations and the growth of private insurers. HDFC Standard Life aims to increase its market share through new products, advertising, and improving its sales techniques.
The document discusses the history and profile of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). It outlines key milestones such as the establishment of the first life insurance company in India in 1818 and the nationalization of life insurance and formation of LIC in 1956. LIC began as a government corporation with 5 zones, 33 divisions and 212 branches and has since expanded significantly to over 2000 branches across India. It remains the largest life insurer in India.
Insurance is a form of risk management where one party agrees to pay an agreed amount of money to another party in the event of a loss or damage. The key aspects of insurance include risk transfer through premium payments, hedging against contingent losses, and regulatory requirements to protect policyholders. Reforms since the 1990s have opened India's insurance sector to private companies and increased competition, leading to greater access and customer choice. Further reforms aim to strengthen regulation and increase insurance coverage, especially for health, life and small businesses. A developed insurance sector supports the economy through risk protection, long-term funding, and financial stability.
Person who helps the agent in his work.
Beneficiary: Person who receives the insurance money in case of claim.
Broker: Person who acts as an intermediary between the insurer and insured for negotiating insurance contracts and
placing insurance on behalf of insured with one or more insurers.
Claim: Demand made by the insured for indemnity of loss under an insurance contract.
Coinsurance: Sharing of a loss between the insured and the insurer in a specified proportion.
Contribution: Sharing of a loss between co-insurers in a specified proportion.
Deductible: Portion of each loss which insured agrees to bear before insurer becomes liable to pay.
Endorse
The insurance industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years. Life insurance premiums grew at a CAGR of 20.1% from 2003-2012, while non-life premiums increased at 18%. Private sector participation also increased substantially over this period. Key growth areas for the insurance industry include health, motor, and crop insurance. The government has introduced several policies to support the development of the insurance industry in India.
The document discusses the history and development of the insurance sector in India. It notes that insurance was initially nationalized and state-owned companies dominated the market. Liberalization in the 1990s allowed private companies to enter the sector. Now there are many private life, health, and general insurance companies operating alongside state-owned insurers, increasing competition and improving customer choice, services and products. However, some risks remain, such as companies prioritizing profits over customers.
The document outlines a product road map including the rollout of new features for an iPad and iPhone app between March and April 2013, as well as enhancements to the app submitted to the iTunes Store to improve the patient experience. It also provides instructions for cleaning tablets with disinfectant wipes depending on whether they were used for isolation or non-isolation patients.
La Pediatría en España sufre una tradicional falta de unidades
de CPP especializadas. En Febrero de 2008 se constituyó una nueva Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos situada en el Hospital de Niño Jesús, aunque su ámbito de actuación se extiende a toda la Comunidad de Madrid.
This document appears to be a calendar from 2013 for a EU-funded project on active citizenship through fairy tales involving several schools across Europe. The calendar showcases each participating school and location for each month of the year. It provides an overview of the partnership and goals of using fairy tales to promote active citizenship.
This document provides a summary of a research paper that compares the public and private life insurance companies in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the objectives of comparing customer perceptions of service quality and analyzing the financial performance of public versus private insurers. The introduction provides background on the growth of the insurance sector in India. It then examines the performance of the public insurer LIC and private insurers based on financial ratios like liquidity, solvency, and leverage. The study found that LIC has stronger financial performance and stability compared to private insurers.
This document provides an overview of the insurance sector in India, including its history, current state, and prospects. It discusses key milestones in the development of life and general insurance in India. It outlines the current regulatory framework and major players. It also places the Indian insurance sector in a global context, noting opportunities for growth. While penetration and density are still low compared to other countries, factors like deregulation, technology, and a large population provide potential for expansion. Issues around product diversification and quality of agents need addressing. The sector is poised for continued growth if it offers innovative products tailored to customer needs.
Penetration Of Life Insurance and General Insurance In IndiaSudipta Das
The document summarizes the evolution of the life insurance and general insurance industries in India. It discusses how the industries were previously dominated by state-owned entities but have since opened up to private and foreign competition following deregulation in the late 1990s and early 2000s. This has led to rapid growth in the industries, with the market share of private insurers increasing each year. The document also examines trends in various insurance sub-sectors like health and motor insurance, and discusses some of the opportunities and challenges for further developing the insurance industry in India.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Bunty Bhagat for his MBA program. It discusses the history and development of the Indian life and general insurance industries. It provides an overview of the major players in the industry, including the public sector companies LIC and GIC, as well as private sector companies like HDFC Standard Life Insurance and Max New York Life Insurance that have entered the market. The report will analyze customer buying behavior and market segmentation in the insurance industry through research methodology and primary data collection.
This document provides an index and table of contents for a research report. The index lists 8 chapters that will be covered in the report, including introductions to the industry and company, research methodology, objectives, conclusions, and recommendations. It also includes acknowledgments and an executive summary. The executive summary previews that the report will compare life insurance products from HDFC Standard Life to major competitors in the market.
This document provides an overview of Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India. It discusses that LIC was established in 1956 by the Parliament of India by consolidating over 245 private life insurance companies. LIC is wholly owned by the Government of India and is the largest life insurance company in India. The document outlines LIC's history, functions, benefits of life insurance, plans offered, rights of policyholders, subsidiaries and interesting facts such as LIC being the largest insurer in the world with over 29 crore policyholders.
The document provides an overview of the Indian insurance industry. Some key points:
- The overall insurance industry in India is expected to reach $280 billion by 2020, with life and non-life insurance growing rapidly.
- Private sector players have increased their market share in both life and non-life insurance segments over the past decade.
- Growth is expected to be driven by segments like crop, health and motor insurance. Enrolment in government schemes is also increasing insurance penetration.
- Total life insurance premiums reached $64.8 billion in FY17, while non-life premiums were $23.38 billion in FY18. Both segments have seen strong growth over the past years
This document provides an overview of the history and objectives of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). It discusses how LIC was established in 1956 by nationalizing 245 Indian and foreign insurance companies. The key objectives of LIC are to widely provide life insurance, particularly in rural areas, and provide financial protection to insurable persons at reasonable cost while maximizing the mobilization of peoples' savings.
The document provides an overview of the Indian insurance industry. It discusses the market size, key players, and LIC's dominance. It also covers entry barriers like foreign ownership restrictions, high capital requirements, and lack of composite licenses. Competition is increasing as private players challenge LIC's monopoly, though LIC and GIC still dominate market share. The future growth depends on improved customer-centric products and distribution channels to increase rural penetration.
The document discusses the present state and prospects of the Indian insurance sector in a global context. It provides a brief history of insurance in India and outlines key milestones. It also discusses the current scenario in India, comparing factors like insurance penetration and density to other countries. The major driving forces for the industry are identified as globalization, deregulation, and the growing market opportunities in India. Issues facing the sector include a need for diversification and improving agent quality. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of a well-regulated insurance industry for future economic progress in India.
This document summarizes the performance of the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) from 1999-2000 to 2008-2009. It discusses that LIC saw fluctuating growth in policies issued, premiums collected, and number of agents. While some years saw high growth rates, others saw declines. Overall, the compound growth rate for policies was 9.25% and premiums was 13.64%, showing good performance. It also discusses how LIC competes in the private insurance market in India and the changes to the insurance sector since privatization.
HDFC Standard Life Insurance is a leading private life insurance company in India. It is a joint venture between HDFC, a major housing finance company, and Standard Life of the UK. The document discusses HDFC Standard Life's products, growth, awards, and expansion efforts. It also provides background on the insurance industry in India, including key regulations and the growth of private insurers. HDFC Standard Life aims to increase its market share through new products, advertising, and improving its sales techniques.
The document discusses the history and profile of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). It outlines key milestones such as the establishment of the first life insurance company in India in 1818 and the nationalization of life insurance and formation of LIC in 1956. LIC began as a government corporation with 5 zones, 33 divisions and 212 branches and has since expanded significantly to over 2000 branches across India. It remains the largest life insurer in India.
Insurance is a form of risk management where one party agrees to pay an agreed amount of money to another party in the event of a loss or damage. The key aspects of insurance include risk transfer through premium payments, hedging against contingent losses, and regulatory requirements to protect policyholders. Reforms since the 1990s have opened India's insurance sector to private companies and increased competition, leading to greater access and customer choice. Further reforms aim to strengthen regulation and increase insurance coverage, especially for health, life and small businesses. A developed insurance sector supports the economy through risk protection, long-term funding, and financial stability.
Person who helps the agent in his work.
Beneficiary: Person who receives the insurance money in case of claim.
Broker: Person who acts as an intermediary between the insurer and insured for negotiating insurance contracts and
placing insurance on behalf of insured with one or more insurers.
Claim: Demand made by the insured for indemnity of loss under an insurance contract.
Coinsurance: Sharing of a loss between the insured and the insurer in a specified proportion.
Contribution: Sharing of a loss between co-insurers in a specified proportion.
Deductible: Portion of each loss which insured agrees to bear before insurer becomes liable to pay.
Endorse
The insurance industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years. Life insurance premiums grew at a CAGR of 20.1% from 2003-2012, while non-life premiums increased at 18%. Private sector participation also increased substantially over this period. Key growth areas for the insurance industry include health, motor, and crop insurance. The government has introduced several policies to support the development of the insurance industry in India.
The document discusses the history and development of the insurance sector in India. It notes that insurance was initially nationalized and state-owned companies dominated the market. Liberalization in the 1990s allowed private companies to enter the sector. Now there are many private life, health, and general insurance companies operating alongside state-owned insurers, increasing competition and improving customer choice, services and products. However, some risks remain, such as companies prioritizing profits over customers.
The document outlines a product road map including the rollout of new features for an iPad and iPhone app between March and April 2013, as well as enhancements to the app submitted to the iTunes Store to improve the patient experience. It also provides instructions for cleaning tablets with disinfectant wipes depending on whether they were used for isolation or non-isolation patients.
La Pediatría en España sufre una tradicional falta de unidades
de CPP especializadas. En Febrero de 2008 se constituyó una nueva Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos situada en el Hospital de Niño Jesús, aunque su ámbito de actuación se extiende a toda la Comunidad de Madrid.
This document appears to be a calendar from 2013 for a EU-funded project on active citizenship through fairy tales involving several schools across Europe. The calendar showcases each participating school and location for each month of the year. It provides an overview of the partnership and goals of using fairy tales to promote active citizenship.
La Secretaría de Marina (SEMAR) auxilió a 12 náufragos cubanos en el mar frente a Yucatán como parte de su misión de salvaguardar vidas humanas en el mar. SEMAR tiene como objetivos ejercer vigilancia de las zonas marinas mexicanas, actuar como policía marítima, e inspeccionar y patrullar áreas protegidas. Sus funciones incluyen operar fuerzas navales, realizar investigación oceanográfica y auxiliar a la población en desastres.
Qué es el Derecho Administrativo por Nadia VelasquezNadia Velasquez
El documento define el Derecho Administrativo como el encargado de mantener el orden mediante la reglamentación de las funciones del Estado y las actividades administrativas. Señala que sus fuentes formales incluyen la Constitución, las leyes, los reglamentos y la jurisprudencia. Además, explica que las fuentes del Derecho Administrativo son reales, formales, históricas, de costumbre e internacionales.
Comparative study on LIC V/S other insurances companyTushar bhuwad
1. A survey of 30 people found that most had taken 1-4 life insurance policies, primarily for effective savings and future expenses.
2. While most recognized insurance covers risks and is an investment, some were unsure if premiums paid to private insurers were safe.
3. Respondents were generally aware the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority regulates the sector, protecting investments in insurance companies, though a few lacked this knowledge.
This document provides an overview of the history and growth of the Indian insurance sector. It discusses how the sector was initially nationalized but has since opened to private players. Some key points:
- Insurance began in India in the 1800s but was nationalized in 1956 for life insurance and 1973 for general insurance. Reforms began in 1999 allowing private firms.
- Today there are 29 insurance firms - 14 private life insurers, 9 private non-life insurers, and 6 public sector firms.
- While private firms now make up over 26% of the markets, public sector firms still dominate with LIC having over 74% market share in life insurance as of 2005.
- Future growth areas include
The document provides an overview of the insurance sector in India. It discusses the origin and history of insurance in India, from the establishment of the first insurance companies in the 1800s to the nationalization of the industry and its recent liberalization. It also defines the concept of insurance, classifies the different types of insurance, and outlines some of the major players and trends in the Indian insurance market.
This document provides an overview of the life insurance industry in India. It discusses how the industry has grown significantly over the years and now represents a major economic sector. While insurance penetration is still low compared to other countries, there is huge growth potential as nearly 80% of the population lacks adequate life or health insurance. The regulatory framework for insurance is outlined, including the key acts governing the industry and the role of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority. Segment-wise splits of new business premiums collected in 2010 and 2011 are also presented in charts.
This document provides a summary of a summer placement report submitted by Ravi Agarwal on their internship at HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company. The report includes an overview of the Indian insurance industry, history of insurance in India, key milestones, and reforms. It also discusses the present scenario of the life insurance industry in India and HDFC Standard Life's products, marketing strategies, competition, and recommendations for improving sales and market share.
Mba training report . on custumer buying behaviourMalkeet Ghumman
The document provides a history of the insurance industry in India, describing the origins and nationalization of both life and general insurance. It outlines some key milestones such as the establishment of the first insurance companies in the 1800s and nationalization in 1956 and 1972. It then lists the major players in the current industry, including nationalized insurers LIC and GIC as well as several private insurers that have entered the market since 2000, bringing more competition.
The insurance sector in India is governed by various acts and regulations. It has grown significantly in recent decades but penetration remains low, with over 80% of the population lacking life or health insurance. Reforms including allowing private companies and 26% foreign ownership have increased competition and improved products. The regulatory framework continues developing to promote growth while protecting policyholders.
The document provides an overview of the Indian insurance sector, including:
1) It discusses the history and types of insurance, including life and general insurance. General insurance is further broken down into fire, marine, and miscellaneous insurance.
2) It lists some of the major players in the life and general insurance industries in India.
3) It describes the regulatory body, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), and its objectives of promoting competition and protecting policyholders.
4) It discusses various political, economic, social, and technological factors that affect the insurance industry according to PEST analysis.
5) It provides some suggestions to help insurance companies in India reduce costs and
This document discusses the insurance sector in India. It provides background on insurance sector reforms and the Malhotra Committee of 1993. It then discusses the key players in the Indian insurance sector and some issues facing life insurance in India, including the need to raise foreign direct investment limits, high expense ratios for private players, strengthening core product offerings, delays in profitability for private insurers, lack of professional agency channels, promoting bancassurance, and other global issues impacting insurance. The document provides an overview of the current state and challenges within the Indian insurance industry.
This document provides an overview of the Indian insurance industry and Beacon Insurance Brokers Pvt. Ltd. It discusses the history of insurance in India, including key milestones and the nationalization and privatization of the industry. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) was established in 1999 to regulate the private insurance sector. Beacon Insurance Brokers Pvt. Ltd operates within this growing private insurance market in India, working with both public and private insurers. The document outlines Beacon's role in brokering insurance products between insurers and clients.
Comparative analysis of insurance market in india on hdfc-life-1-1Flex
This document is a project report submitted by Vivek Kumar to SavitriBai Phule Pune University for the degree of Master of Business Administration. The report is about life insurance and taxation in India, with a focus on HDFC Standard Life Insurance. It includes approval letters for the internship and project, a certificate confirming the original work, and declarations. It also provides acknowledgements, preface, index, and executive summary sections.
A Study of DSA Network Expansion and Product Promotion Strategy of General...Anish Singh
A summer project of the insurance sector. that you rarely found.
In this project, u will get promotion strategy, how u sell the insurance and their ways. how to pitch agents and made for your company. thank you
This document provides an overview of the Indian insurance sector, including its history, current state, position globally, and future prospects. It discusses key milestones such as the nationalization of insurance in India in 1956 and 1999. Currently, India's insurance penetration and density is lower than other countries, but the sector is growing rapidly due to reforms, deregulation, and the entry of private players. While the industry faces issues like lack of agent quality, trends such as the expanding rural market and health insurance provide opportunities for future growth. Strengthening regulations and using technology are some suggestions to further develop the insurance sector in India.
This document discusses the recruitment of advisors and sales of financial products through advisors in the life insurance industry in India. It provides background on the history and development of the life insurance sector in India. It describes how advisors, also known as agents, are critical to the distribution and sales process, as they are the primary channel through which insurance companies can explain policies and benefits to customers. The success of insurance companies depends on having an adequate network of agents to capture market share.
The document provides an overview of the insurance industry in India. It discusses the history of insurance in India dating back to 1818. It also outlines the key entities that regulate the insurance industry like IRDA and GIC. The document categorizes different types of insurance like life, health, vehicle etc. It further analyzes growth factors, major players, and functions of the insurance industry in India. It performs a SWOT and PEST analysis to understand challenges and opportunities. Overall, the document gives a comprehensive introduction to the insurance sector in India.
This document is a summer internship report submitted by NEHA to the School of Management at Gautam Buddha University. It presents a comparative study of two life insurance companies in India - IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd. and LIC. The report includes declarations, certificates of work completion, acknowledgements, an executive summary, and outlines of chapters on the insurance industry in India, company descriptions, product profiles, research methodology, data analysis, findings and recommendations.
A comparative study on ‘ulip’ polices offerd by icici and comparison to hdfc ...Projects Kart
This document provides an overview of HDFC Bank and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company. It discusses their product profiles, highlighting savings, protection, child, market-linked, and retirement solutions offered by both companies. It also briefly outlines their group insurance solutions, including plans for gratuity, superannuation, and term insurance. HDFC Bank is described as India's second largest bank, while ICICI Prudential is a joint venture between HDFC Bank and Prudential plc focused on providing leading-edge life insurance solutions in India.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes the insurance sector in India. It discusses the evolution of the sector from being a public sector monopoly to allowing private players. It provides an overview of life and general insurance services and major public and private players. It notes that while LIC remains the largest insurer, private players have grown their market share in recent years. The insurance sector contributes significantly to the Indian economy through long-term savings and funding for development.
The document provides information about a summer training project report submitted for a Masters in Business Administration degree. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking various individuals for their assistance and guidance. The document outlines the objectives of studying consumer behavior and customer satisfaction towards ICICI Prudential Life Insurance products. It discusses the research methodology used, including collecting primary and secondary data through questionnaires, interviews, books, and websites. The document appears to be a report summarizing the results of research conducted on consumer perceptions and satisfaction with ICICI Prudential Life Insurance.
1. RESEARCH PAPER PREPARED UNDER THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMME OF
COMPETITION COMMISION OF INDIA
Topic:-
Competition in Life Insurance Sector of India
Submitted by:-
Shilpa Thakur
Amity Law School,
Noida
2. INDEX
1. Acknowledgement
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
1. An introduction
2. List of Life Insurers
3. Evolution of Life Insurance in India
4. Malhotra committee’s recommendation
5. Opportunities
4. Entry barrier
5. Market Structure
6. The Provisions of the Competition Act,2002
7. Dominant Position in relevant Market
8. Dominance in market: LIC
1. Sovereign Guarantee
2. Distribution network
3. Other factors
9. Abuse of Dominance by LIC in light of the Act
10.Possibility of Abuse of Dominance
11.Conclusion and suggestion
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank all the officials responsible for providing this valuable internship at
Competition Commission of India (CCI). I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks
to Mr. P.K. Purwar, Advisor (Economics) for his timely suggestions throughout my study.
I am highly thankful to Dr. Anil Kumar Sharma, Assistant Director (Economics), CCI for
having made my stay pleasant all along the internship. I also thank Ms. Sayanti Chakrabarti
and the entire staff of CCI for providing me continuous support and encouragement
throughout the internship.
ABSTRACT
4. My research is aimed at understanding the life insurance sector in India and flagging issues
relating to competition in this sector. The life insurance sector has a small market and cover
approx. 3 % of population in India. As a growing sector, it is important that all players get a
level playing field. The competition act is to provide for a level playing field to all players to
encourage competition in market. Through my study I have tried to substantiate this with
facts and evidence proving that LIC as a state owned enterprise enjoys a dominant market.
The enterprise having a dominant position is not per se illegal but abuse is. The dominance of
LIC is not deliberate rather it is by virtue of the regulations that the market is deprived of a
level playing field and market has an anti-competitive environment. This sector is highly
lucrative and therefore increasing the FDI cap would be a step to enhance competition in this
sector and also cover a large population. Exclusive networking, sovereign guarantee and
entry barriers like limited FDI creates an anti-competitive environment in market.
5. Competition in Life insurance sector of India
Introduction
The topic basically revolves around the life insurance sector which has been recently opened
for the private players. LIC has for a long period of time has enjoyed a dominant market of
life insurance and the fact cannot be denied that LIC has a pre accomplished market
leadership which makes it difficult for the new players to compete. While the new players
struggle to increase their market in India, LIC continue to leverage advantage of its old
establishment and government support for maintaining its growth. Life Insurance is the
fastest growing sector in India since 2000 as Government allowed Private players and FDI
up to 26%. Life Insurance in India was nationalised by incorporating Life Insurance
Corporation (LIC) in 1956. All private life insurance companies at that time were taken over
by LIC.
In 1993 the Government of Republic of India appointed RN Malhotra Committee to
lay down a road map for privatisation of the life insurance sector.
While the committee submitted its report in 1994, it took another six years before the
enabling legislation was passed in the year 2000, legislation amending the Insurance Act of
1938 and legislating the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act of 2000. The
same year that the newly appointed insurance regulator - Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority IRDA --started issuing licenses to private life insurers.
List of Life Insurers (as of Sept, 2008)
Apart from Life Insurance Corporation, the public sector life insurer, there are 22
other private sector life insurers, most of them joint ventures between Indian groups and
global insurance giants.
Life Insurer in Public Sector
1. Life Insurance Corporation of India
Life Insurers in Private Sector
1. SBI Life Insurance
2. Metlife India Life Insurance
3. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance
4. Bajaj Allianz Life
5. Max New York Life Insurance
6. Sahara Life Insurance
7. Tata AIG Life
8. HDFC Standard Life
9. Birla Sunlife
10. Kotak Life Insurance
11. Aviva Life Insurance
12. Reliance Life Insurance Company Limited - Formerly known as AMP Sanmar LIC
6. 13. ING Vysya Life Insurance
14. Shriram Life Insurance
15. Bharti AXA Life Insurance Co Ltd
16. Future Generali Life Insurance Co Ltd
17. IDBI Fortis Life Insurance
18. AEGON Religare Life Insurance
19. DLF Pramerica Life Insurance
20. CANARA HSBC Oriental Bank of Commerce LIFE INSURANCE
21. India First Life insurance company limited
22. Star Union Dia-ichi Life Insurance Co. Ltd
These are few companies on the list. The total life insurance market can be judged in terms of
2 parameters- premium collected and number of new policies underwritten. It can be seen
that market share of more than 70% is with LIC.
Life insurance policy in India is growing rapidly ever since the sector opened up for the
private and foreign players. The industry is in the throes of competitive market forces. Unlike
several industries like telecommunication and oil industry, insurance is not a high capital cost
industry. This industry is build up on a good will and on access of distribution network.
EVOLUTION OF LIFE INSURANCE IN INDIA
Life insurance traces its origins in India to the early nineteenth century when
companies in India insured the lives of Europeans living here. Eventually these companies
began to cover Indians as well but required them to pay higher premiums. Regulations were
passed to regulate the Indian insurers (but not the foreign companies providing insurance
services in India) and to allow collection of information about insurance companies thus
facilitating comparison amongst them. However the legislations became insignificant with
time and the government nationalized the sector by combining all the 154 Indian private
insurance companies to give birth to one behemoth: the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Through this the Government strived to put an end to prevalent malpractices such as poor
Servicing standards along with the appalling management of companies wherein funds were
simply being divested to all types of securities without any valuation of the borrowers. The
Government took over the reins of the industry in its own hands reasoning that insurance was
a cooperative enterprise and should be within the purview of the state in order to provide
improved services to the public at lower costs. It was also envisioned that the nationalization
of this sector would lead to more effective mobilization of funds to enable capital to be
allocated to development projects. Besides the charter of freedom also pleaded the control of
the state on key industries such as banking and insurance. Thus the industry was transformed
from a competitive one to a highly regulated monopoly.
In the last decade of the 20th century India watched history repeat itself. With the
Government implementing the New Industrial Policy in 1991, the country underwent a major
wave of globalization. Strategic sectors such as the banking and the financial sector were
reformed. Time had come for the policymakers to introspect the current policies in the Indian
insurance industry as well. Committees on insurance sector reforms followed suit and it was
found that India had continued to be one of the least insured countries till the late 20th
century. Experts emphasized that customer service, insurance coverage, allocation of
resources needed to be improved within the industry. Also more innovative products were
needed to suit varied customer needs and to change opinion of people towards insurance,
from tax exemption product to a tool for mitigating risks and increasing savings. Thus it was
7. recommended that the industry should be opened up to enhance competition and autonomy
be given to insurance companies to improve their performance and enable them to act as
independent companies with economic motives. Thus the life insurance industry was
liberalized with the aim of increasing contribution to the GDP and to the society.
Malhotra Committee's Recommendations
The committee submitted its report in January 1994 recommending that private
insurers be allowed to co-exist along with government companies like LIC and GIC
companies. This recommendation had been prompted by several factors such as need for
greater deeper insurance coverage in the economy, and a much a greater scale of mobilization
of funds from the economy for infrastructural development. Liberalization of the insurance
sector is at least partly driven by fiscal necessity of tapping the big reserve of savings in the
economy. Committee's recommendations were as follows:
1) Raising the capital base of LIC and GIC up to Rs. 200 crores, half retained by the
government and rest sold to the public at large with suitable reservations for its employees.
2) Private sector is granted to enter insurance industry with a minimum paid up capital of Rs.
100crores.
3) Foreign insurance be allowed to enter by floating an Indian company preferably a joint
venture with Indian partners.
4) Steps are initiated to set up a strong and effective insurance regulatory in the form of a
statutory autonomous board on the lines of SEBI.
5) Limited number of private companies to be allowed in the sector. But no firm is allowed in
the sector. But no firm is allowed to operate in both lines of insurance (life or non-life).
6) Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) is delinked form GIC to function as a separate statuary
body under necessary supervision by the insurance regulatory authority.
7) All insurance companies be treated on equal footing and governed by the provisions of
insurance Act. No special dispensation is given to government companies.
8) Setting up of a strong and effective regulatory body with independent source for financing
before allowing private companies into sector.
Government companies had to face competition to private sector insurance companies not
only in issuing various range of insurance products but also in various aspects in terms of
customer service, channels of distribution, effective techniques of selling the products etc.
privatization of the insurance sector has opened the doors to innovations in the way business
can be transacted.
New age insurance companies are embarking on new concepts and more cost effective way
of transacting business. The idea is clear to cater to the maximum business at the least cost.
While nationalized insurance companies have done a commendable job in extending
volume of the business opening up of insurance sector to private players was a necessity in
the context of liberalization of financial sector. If traditional infrastructural and semi-public
goods industries such as banking, airlines, telecom, power etc. have significant private sector
presence, continuing state monopoly in provision of insurance was indefensible and
therefore, the privatization of insurance has been done as discussed earlier. Its impact has to
be seen in the form of creating various opportunities and challenges.
8. Opportunities
1. Privatization of Insurance eliminated the monopolistic business of Life Insurance
Corporation of India. It helps to introduce new range of products which covered wide
range of risks.
2. It resulted in better customer services and help improve the variety and price of
insurance products.
3. The entry of new player has speed up the spread of both life and general insurance. It
will increase the insurance penetration and measure of density.
4. Entry of private players will ensure the mobilization of funds that can be utilized for
the purpose of infrastructure development.
5. The participation of commercial banks into insurance business helped to mobilization
of funds from the rural areas because of the availability of vast branches of the banks.
6. Most important not the least tremendous employment opportunities were created in
the field of insurance which is a burning problem of the presence day today issues.
There is low penetration in the market and there is great opportunity of more
players to participate in this field to increase the life insurance market.
LIC is a state owned enterprise. LIC emerged as a dominant enterprise over a long period of
time and in the 10 years of the opening of this sector, LIC has retained large market share.
Also the industry has not been able to cover much percentage of people in the country. Out of
approx. 3% of the population covered, LIC has a large percentage of people covered under it.
It has been often said that state owned enterprise can have strong incentives to engage in anti-
competitive activities that serve to expand the scale and scope of their operative activities.
9. Entry barrier
Life insurance covers approx. 3% of the total Indian population. India needs that more
players come in life insurance sector and cover a large population with life insurance. For
this, it is required to allow more Foreign Direct Investment in insurance sector so that more
funds are available with foreign players come in market and the size of market grows. There
is scope of higher capital infusion, the higher the growth of market possible. Despite the
progress, India’s insurance sector remains very small compared with some of the major
emerging markets. India’s share of global insurance market is less than 1%. The insurance
industry lags behind other economies in the baseline measure of insurance penetration.
Industry is now open to private players under the government mandate of a minimum capital
of Rs.100 crore of which a maximum of 26% stake can be held by a foreign partner as equity.
Global insurers are now permitted to set up and register a domestic company in order to write
business in India. However, regulations stipulate that they have a capital base of at least US $
20 million, and their investment in such company is capped at 26 percent. Thus, to participate
in the market, they must form a joint venture with an Indian partner that is able to invest the
remaining funds.
The equity investments limit is the same for global reinsures seeking to write business in
India, but they are required to put up a capital of approximately US$ 45 million in order to
establish a domestic company. On the other hand, no global reinsurer has established a
domestic company. Instead, most of the top international reinsurance companies operate from
their overseas offices by sharing the reinsurance risks picked up by the GIC. A recent
proposal has been put forward to increase foreign direct investment to 49 percent. In addition,
global companies are pushing for the right to establish branch offices in India. These changes
are likely to substantially increase the presence of international insurers, reinsurers, and
brokers in India.
Currently, FDI represents only Rs.827 crore of the Rs.3179 crore capitalizations of private
life insurance companies. FDI in insurance would increase the penetration of insurance in
India, where the penetration of insurance is abysmally low with insurance premium at about 3
percent of GDP against about 8 percent global average. This would be better through
marketing effort by MNCs, better product innovation, consumer education etc. The
ASSOCHAM President Sajjan Jindal maintains that insurance sector in India has the
capability of raising long term capital from the market as it is the only avenue where people
put in money for as long as 30 years even more. An increase in FDI in insurance would
indirectly be a boon for the Indian economy, the investments not withstanding but by making
more people invest in long term funds to fuel the growth of the Indian economy, he feels.
On 13th January, 2011, in a move to dent investor sentiment, the parliamentary standing
committee on finance is set to reject government’s move to further open the insurance sector.
The Insurance Amendment Bill, tabled in parliament, had proposed to raise the foreign
investment limit in the key financial sector to 49% from 26% fixed a decade ago. A majority
of committee members felt that a higher foreign direct investment ceiling could affect
domestic players. Though the government is not bound to accept the standing committee’s
10. recommendations, the suggestions will make its daunting and force it to cut deals with small
groups in Lok Sabha to muster support for the passage of the bill.
FDI cap is the biggest entry barrier stopping the growth of the life insurance market and
narrowing down the market size. With the opening up of market for foreign players the
competition will get a boost and the service will reach out for masses increasing the size of
market.
With no profits or little profits to private players there is a requirement of Capital Adequacy
Ratio. As the market grows the market has to meet out the Capital adequacy norms. Capital
infusion can be brought in terms of Foreign Direct Investment. And preventing FDI in India
is proving to be a hindrance in increasing the market size
11. MARKET STRUCTURE
It is important to understand the market structure of life insurance sector. LIC as a dominant
player has gained an increase of 88%in new business premium income. Despite of uncertain
environment, total premium of Life Insurance industry increase by 66% to Rs 62,361.34
crore in first six months of the current fiscal from Rs 39,046.59 crore in same period last
fiscal. In 2010, life insurance companies witnessed new business premium collecting during
first five months. According to LIC’s recent filing with IRDA the total value of its
investments from policy holders funds, as at June 30 2010, stood at Rs 867,935 crore as
agencies Rs. 717,002 crore on June,2009, the value of investments in equity share has
become 183,233 crore. Public sector Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has clocked a
robust 72.53 per cent jump in fresh premium collection in January 2009 leaving behind major
private sector players, most of whom have posted negative growth in the month as compared
to January 2008.
Data released by insurance sector regulator IRDA shows that the first year premium of the
life insurers for the period of December, 2010 is again predominantly in favour of LIC.
Herein mentioned are some statistics given by IRDA regarding the individual single premium
of several life insurers in December 20101:-
1. Bajaj Allianz - 77.26 crore
2. ING vyasa - 2.58 crore
3. Reliance Life - 80.26 crore
4. SBI life - 248.54 crore
5. Tata AIG - 14.02 crore
6. HDFC standard - 136.72 crore
7. ICICI prudential - 251.97 crore
8. Birla Sunlife - 9.73 crore
9. Aviva - 21.57 crore
10. Max New York - 25.15 crore
11. Met Life - 33.86 crore
12. Shriram Life - 44.90 crore
13. IDBI federal - 21.11 crore
14. Star Union Dai-ichi - 44.98 crore
15. LIC - 1774.43 crore
These are some top companies and there premium collected in December 2010 which
clearly depicts that LIC has lucrative market dominance and other private players
have a small market share. Such figures explain that LIC is a dominant entity and can
influence competition in market negatively due to the regulation of the regulatory
body and the government.
1
www.irda.gov.in, brief monthly market- first year premium of life insurers for the period ended
December,2010
12. Talking about the number of lives covered under group single premium upto December, 2010
for some major companies are as follows according to the data released by IRDA on basis of
data submitted by these insurance companies:-
1. Bajaj Allianz - 105972
2. Reliance life - 508352
3. SBI Life - 239465
4. Tata AIG - 57543
5. HDFC Standard - 175291
6. ICICI Prudential - 1793883
7. Kotak Mahindra - 359582
8. Max New York - 1495603
9. Shriram Life - 216448
10. LIC - 27020588
Apart from these companies like Aegon Religare and Birla Sunlife has 959 and 995 lives
covered upto December 2010. This is evident in itself to prove my pont that knowing or
unknowingly but the regulation in the insurance sector is giving an undue advantage to LIC
and leading to unfair competition.
The top 5 life insurance companies in India control 85% of the market-share while the
remaining dozen are still struggling to setup their operation. If we see the entire market
amongst private players only excluding LIC in life insurance sector we would see there is
hardly any private player which has a grip over the market.
Fig :- market split up of private life insurers only excluding LIC
India has come a long way since the economic reforms in 1991, moving from the growth
rates of 5% into the orbit of 7-9% growth rates. This growth has been structurally driven by
economic reforms, private entrepreneurship and linkages to the global economic boom. A
13. McKinsey study estimated that India is likely to emerge as the fifth largest consuming nation
in the globe by 2025. Significant demographic changes over the next two decades should
throw up major investment opportunities for businesses as well as investors.
Every year, around Rs. 600,000 crores (Rs. 6 trillion) of household savings is being invested
into HH Financial assets. Around 18-20% of this income goes into insurance. Proposed
Direct Tax code, aimed at a substantial increase in income tax limit and product efficiency,
could also lead to higher contribution to insurance.
The Indian life insurance sector has been witness to varied phases witnessing a slew of
changes in the past year. Since 1999, when the government opened up the insurance sector by
allowing private companies to solicit insurance and also allowing foreign direct investment of
up to 26%, the insurance sector has been characterized by a booming market. Hence 2010,
was a landmark year in the history of the Indian insurance industry as it celebrated a decade
since the entry of the private sector into this business.
The figures show that LIC has gained market share in spite of new companies coming in the
market which signifies the dominance of LIC in the market and the ineffectiveness on its
strengthened position in market.
50-60% of new biz premium will come from ULIPs.
Private sector players posted only 12 per cent growth in new business and collected Rs
38,399 crore premium. Among the private players, SBI Life emerged as the leading insurer,
in terms of new business. SBI Life collected Rs 7,041 crore in new business premium against
Rs 6,334 crore collected by ICICI Prudential in 2009-10. Amongst all these, LIC managed to
increase its market share to 65 per cent in FY10 from 61 per cent in FY09. Of the new
business premium collected by the industry, around 50-60 per cent will be from ULIPs.
While ULIPs will be around 75-80 per cent of the new business premiums for the private
sector players, it could be more than 50 per cent for LIC.
14. Reckoned among the fastest growing industries, the Life Insurance Industry of India
has 23 license-holders running their business in this sector. The Life Insurance
Corporation of India(LIC), which is the only player in the public sector, contributes
over 70% to the business. The remaining area is covered by the 22 private sector
companies.
In 2010, Life insurance companies witnessed a 20 per cent jump in weighted new business
premium collection during the first five months of the financial year. According to data
released by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), insurance
companies garnered around US$ 7 billion in weighted new business premium during April -
August 2010, against US$ 5.5 billion in the corresponding period last year. The year 2010,
ushered sweeping regulatory changes that altered the way industry worked. It marked
significant changes in product profile of unit-linked insurance plans. The new guidelines
capped the overall charges and also imposed a minimum prescribed return in order to offer a
better deal to investors. It was the fastest set of regulatory changes ever seen in the shortest
period of time.
State-owned Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has emerged much stronger in the
months following the uncertainty over unit-linked insurance plans (Ulips). The corporation
has seen its market share spike to 73.4% by end-June ’10, from 60.79% during end-March
2
’09.
Despite of the entry of several private player, LIC has managed to grow its market share in
new businesses by recording the first-year premium of Rs 18,740 crore — an increase of
107% over the corresponding quarter last year. As against this, the new business premium for
the rest of the industry was Rs 12,884 crore. However, all private life insurance companies
put together could generate a new business premium of only Rs 7,126 crore — an increase of
28% over the year-ago period.
Most of the premium came from single premium Ulips. Some of the corporation’s key Ulips
are slated to close in August, as all insurance companies are expected to file new products
that are compliant with the new guidelines.
These numbers were divulged by TS Vijayan, chairman, LIC while announcing business
results for 2009-2010. For 2009-2010, the corporation recorded a total income of Rs 2,98,721
crore — an increase of 49.2% over the previous year. This included premium income of Rs
1,85,985 crore, which was 18.3% higher than last year.
this makes it obvious that the corporation was in better position today, because the focus has
been on increasing returns for policyholders by curtailing expenses and not on profits.
According to Mr Vijayan, the corporation would have to only tweak some of its Ulips to
bring the charge structure in line with the new regulations prescribed by the regulator.
2
Economic Times, 7 Aug,2010
15. However, LIC would need to do some restructuring to reduce the impact of charges on those
who exit their policy after five years.
At the end of the first quarter, LIC had made investments amounting to Rs 39,000 crore. Of
which, an investment of Rs 10,000 crore was pumped into equities. Mr Vijayan said that the
corporation was targeting investments to the tune of Rs 2 lakh crore during the current year.
Some of the life insurance companies in India that reported positive growth in the financial
year 2008-2009 are LIC, Met life, Kotak Mahindra. LIC booked a gain of Rs957.35 crore as
against Rs 844.63 crore the previous. Met Life benefits rose to Rs 14.52 crore and Kotak
Mahindra, which had booked a loss of 71.87 crore previous year, saw its profit rising by
14.34 crore. This in itself explains the dominance of LIC in the market of life insurance.
While considering the performance of Indian Life Insurance Sector in 2008-09, we cannot
ignore some down trends in this industry. The private players in this sector witnessed a loss
of Rs 4,879 crore. In order to tackle the losses, the life insurance companies had to infuse Rs
5, 956 crore.
16. The Provisions of the Competition Act,2002
The act is to prevent practices having adverse effect on competition, to promote and sustain
competition in market, to promote the interest of consumers and to ensure freedom of trade.
The act brings in the importance of level playing field in the market for all the players in a
relevant sector.
In this sector only section 4 of the act is invoked. There is no anti-competitive agreement or
any such combination in this sector but there seems to be a dominance of a state owned LIC
and the abuse of dominance is also felt after looking at the macro structure of this sector.
Section 4(2) clearly lays down the condition where an enterprise is said to abuse its dominant
position.
Dominance under the provisions of competition act is not per se illegal rather the abuse of the
dominant position is illegal. Dominant position means a position of strength, enjoyed by an
enterprise, in the relevant market, in India, which enables it to-
i. Operate independently of competitive forces prevailing in the relevant market; or
ii. Affect its competitors or consumers or the relevant market in its favour.
Section 4 of the act enumerates about the abuse of dominance and the conditions
where an act of an enterprise shall lead to abuse of dominant position.
The dominance is hence proven from the relevant market. Dominance has to be proven in
light of the relevant market. The relevant market identifies the products or services which are
close substitutes for each other and they operate as a constraint on the conduct of the supplier.
To determine if an enterprise has a dominant position its relevant market must be defined. A
relevant market has two dimensions: product market and geographical market.
The relevant product market comprises of all products which are in competition with the
product in question. On the demand side a relevant product market includes all substitutes
that the consumer could switch to if the price of the product in question were to increase and
on the supply side, the relevant market includes all producers who could, with their existing
facilities, switch to the production of substitutes to the goods.3 In determining the relevant
3
Section 19(7)-
The Commission shall, while determining the "relevant product market", have
due regard to all or any of the following factors, namely:—
17. product market the SSNIP4 test is used under which the question that is asked is that if the
price of the product were to rise by 5-10%, then whatever products the consumer would
switch to because of this rise would constitute the relevant product market. This test however
has a major drawback in determining the relevant market in abuse of dominance instances
because the primary bone of contention is defining a relevant market of the product in
question. Disputes arise regarding what constitutes a relevant market. This renders difficult
the scope of determining a relevant market in abuse of dominance cases because of which
subsequent steps to establish, first dominance and then its abuse falls flat.
The relevant geographical market on the other hand involves identification of a geographical
area within which competition takes places, which may be local, national or international.
Geographical limits of a firm are primarily influenced by consumption, transportation costs
or perish ability of goods.5 For example, the high transportation cost of cement leads to its
geographical market to be close to the manufacturing facility.6 The relevant geographic
market is regarded as that part of the relevant market that identifies the physical regions in
which the firms might compete.
(a) physical characteristics or end-use of goods;
(b) price of goods or service;
(c) consumer preferences;
(d) exclusion of in-house production;
(e) existence of specialised producers;
(f) classification of industrial products.
4
Acronym for Small, but Significant, Non-Transitory Increase in Price
5
Section 19(6)-
The Commission shall, while determining the "relevant geographic market", have
due regard to all or any of the following factors, namely:—
(a) regulatory trade barriers;
(b) local specification requirements;
(c) national procurement policies;
(d) adequate distribution facilities;
(e) transport costs;
(f) language;
(g) consumer preferences;
(h) need for secure or regular supplies or rapid after-sales services.
6
Supra Note 2 at 1.
18. DOMINANT POSITION IN RELEVANT MARKET
Traditionally, dominance is defined in terms of the market of the enterprise, but besides that
there are other factors which determine dominance and these are market share of the
enterprise, size and resources of the enterprise, size and importance of competitors, economic
power of the enterprise, vertical integration, dependence of consumer on the enterprise,
monopoly or dominant position whether acquired as a result of any statute or by virtue of
being a Government company or a public sector undertaking, entry and exit barriers in the
market, countervailing buying power, market structure and size of the market, social
obligations and contribution of enterprise towards economic development.7 Dominance is
defined under section 4 of the Act and such a dominance has to be seen under section 19(4).
As mentioned earlier, to claim abuse of dominance through any of the known forms of abuse,
dominance of that enterprise in the relevant market has to be proven.
In United Brands and United Brands Continental BV v Commission of the European
Communities8 the Courts examined the market share of United Brands, the market share of
its nearest competitors, extent of vertical integration of the enterprise, its technological
advantages and its resources. After examining all of the above mentioned criteria the court
concluded that United Brands was dominant in the market. It is also necessary to examine
entry barriers and entry costs.
Once the relevant market has been defined, establishing whether a firm occupies a dominant
position depends on the market share of the firm and entry conditions. It is difficult to set
limits at which the firms can be deemed to have market power. It is unlikely that a firm
having a market share of less than 35% would have the ability to affect competition in the
market. On the other hand a firm having market share of more than 70%, such a firm could be
in a position to exercise market power, like in the case of Microsoft which is a dominant firm
in the software industry having major market share. LIC has undoubtedly a market share of
more than 70%.
7
Section 19(4).
8
[1978] 1 CMLR 429
19. Dominance in market : LIC
All this time, we find a dominant position being enjoyed by state owned LIC in life
insurance market. This has to be substantiated to prove its dominance in the relevant market.
In India, LIC is the only state owned enterprise working in life insurance sector. There are
several private players in this market but only one state owned enterprise.
To say that private players have some catching up to do with LIC would be an
understatement of sorts. After all, given the massive head start the latter has over the private
insurers, coupled with its army of agents that gives it enormous distribution leverage, its
strength is staggering, to say the least. Moreover, as the private players have been around for
only for few years, it would not be possible for them to make a substantial dent in LIC's
market-share either. A look at the business underwritten by all the players, including LIC
indicates that LIC continues to be the dominant player in the life insurance business.
Prior to the opening up of private participation in August 2000, the insurance sector was a
government monopoly consisting of LIC and GIC with its four subsidiaries. Now there are
several new Life insurance companies and General life insurance companies.
LIC has huge investment and financial strength. Owing its bigger size it has the best
advantage of pricing as well as getting better investment returns which can subsidise its
original insurance product. Therefore, Like SBI continues to be market leader despite of so
many private banks coming, LIC is still the big player.
LIC is said to have a dominant position in insurance market and the factors leading to
distortion in level playing field are as follows :-
1. Sovereign Guarantee
LIC has sovereign guarantee from central government. By sovereign guarantee,
government gives the policy holders of LIC a commitment that it will fulfill all the
promises made by the company. Private players and insurance regulator IRDA have
been asking the government to remove sovereign guarantee given to LIC to create a
level playing field.
“The committee finds no merit in the demand of the private sector insurance players for
reducing or doing away with the sovereign guarantee on LIC’s policies,” said the committee
in its report of the LIC’s (amendment) Bill 2009.In the bill the government had sought to
replace the 100 per cent sovereign guarantee by “to the extent as the central government may,
by order from time to time.
In 1956, when life insurance industry was nationalised, Parliament directed LIC to take the
message of Life insurance to every part of the country. It also directed the government to
guarantee the sums assured under all policies issued as well as taken over by the corporation(
section 37 of LIC act).
Some forces are lobbying vigorously for the withdrawal of the guarantee which will
later twist the facts and launch a publicity blitzkrieg, stating that it is a proof of the
Government's loss of confidence in the ability of the corporation to survive competition, and
20. succeed in impairing its image. The consequences that follow may affect millions of families
in the country.
LIC enjoys this dominance because it is obvious that investors want a guarantee of
their money irrespective of cycles of market. They know that it would be a safe play to invest
in LIC as the government guarantee to bail out in case of any mishap. This denies the life
insurance market from a level playing field to the competitors. The private players have been
in the market for 10 years now but could not bring a big change in market share of life
insurance. People’s trust is build up with LIC due to such sovereign guarantee. I do not deny
the fact that LIC has not used this benefit of sovereign guarantee but this definitely helps
them grow their market size because of the faith people lay in them being a state owned
enterprise.
Not only the employees of LIC, but every member of the public should therefore
appeal to the Government to understand the game plan of these forces, lobbying for the
withdrawal of the Government guarantee to this national institution. Sovereign guarantee
reduces the sector from healthy competition and gives an undue advantage to LIC to attain
the faith of people due to which other private players suffer a loss. Through the LIC Act of
1956, government provides sovereign guarantee to LIC which comforts approximately 16
crore policy holders and its withdrawal would require an amendment to the LIC Act,1956.
2. Distribution network
The distribution network is most important in insurance industry. Insurance is not a
high cost industry like telecom sector. Therefore it is building its maket on goodwill
and access on distribution network. We cannot deny that insurance are not bought, it
is sold. The industry covers approx. 3% of the population of our country. The market
has a great scope to grow. This can be better done by more innovative channels like a
super market, a bank, a post office, an ATM, departmental store etc. these could be
used to increase channels of insurance. But such growth in channels shall increase
with time. Till than agents seem to be the most important distribution channel in this
industry. Agents connect with people and influence them to buy any insurance policy.
For the same such agents charge commission on the policies they get for the
company. There is a fixed percentage of commission for which these agents work.
It is important to mention that the IRDA regulation which says that one agent can
enrol with only one insurance company. This leads to narrowing down of exposure to
customers to various products. When I go to a shop, I get all varieties to choose from.
Similarly, agents are like a shop where consumer looks for options of insurance
available. Such a policy leads to leveraging of distribution network. This plays as an
advantage for LIC. In life insurance, the LIC has two important elements in its favour
which are as follows:-
21. • The LIC has vast distribution network in the rural and semi rural urban areas.
This would be hard to duplicate. One potential way to duplicate it could be
increasing other distribution network like bancassurance.
• Also, since LIC started with 100% of market share, it will lose market share
simply because of expansion of market itself and less because of loss of
existing customers.
LIC has attempted to enlarge the distribution channels to build a real marketing
environment by involving cooperatives and panchayats in its market areas. The IRDA
regulations on agent’s recruitment, qualification and training make the task easier for
LIC (Locking in its agents).
Distribution channel is an important stimulant of competition in market. In India, An
agent can work for only one insurer. LIC has more than 10 lakh agents which are
supposedly to grow more in future which in comparison to private players is
mammoth. The new players have comparatively few agents. The policy of IRDA
hinders distribution network. It leads to an exclusionary behaviour of distribution
network. Such behaviour gives LIC a dominant position in the market.
I would like to explain the market factors influencing decision to purchase insurance through
some statistics. There are several factors which influence customers to choose any life
insurance like agents, advertisement, co-workers, friends and family. It is important to
mention here that agents cover 55% market factor influencing purchase of insurance. Also it
is important that LIC spends Rs.116 crore in 2008 where as major players like Bajaj Allianz
and ICICI Prudential are Rs.17.7 cr and 15.4 cr respectively. With more market share, it is
obvious that LIC has better capacity to invest more on advertisement which leads them to
dominate the market much more than other players.
There is an exclusively distribution network which is helping to build LICs core strength
which needs to be made accessible to give a level playing field to all market players.
Section 4(2) (c) of the act specifically mentions that an enterprise shall be deemed to abuse its
dominant position if it indulges in practice resulting in denial of market access in any manner.
Here the market access is denied through distribution network which is more exclusionary in
nature.
Also it is very important to mention that such exclusionary behaviour makes agents charge a
very heavy commission which creates a pressure on customers, mis-sold and leads to poor
service. Customers are not well informed due to such a practice. There is a robust agent
network of LIC which needs to broke by IRDA. IRDA needs to regulate such provision and
allow agents to sell all insurance because it is important that customer’s get a variety from
such source. If agents are allowed to sell more than one insurance, customers will get more
informed and get more exposure to market.
22. 3. Other factors
It has been reported several times through several journals that every time the stock
market falls sharply; government asks LIC to step in as a buyer to curtail the fall in
the market. Its investment decision is influenced by the government last year. LIC has
to follow the guidelines of IRDA and there is a proper system to take investment
decisions. There has been incidence where it seems that LIC gets offers from big
companies as well to pump in money in market when they are in need of cash. This
gives LIC a dominant position as it acts as a saviour during crisis due to its surplus
liquid cash reserve.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that LIC is a government agency and is therefore
trusted by a lot of companies and has a lot of share in these companies. Therefore it
has a major role to play in influencing the decisions of such companies and big
market players.
23. ABUSE OF DOMINANCE BY LIC IN LIGHT OF THE
As under section 4(2) (c), LIC seems to dominate the market by virtue of IRDA regulation
through exclusive distribution network and sovereign guarantee. Due to such regulation the
market access to other private players is denied of a level playing field. The leveraging of the
network of agents gives a non -level playing field to the players from regulatory behaviour.
Since we have determined that LIC is a dominant enterprise, it becomes important to look in
for prospects of abuse of its position in light of the act. This is better done by inquiring the
enterprise from section 19(4) of the act. LIC does not abuse its dominant position but it
cannot be denied that the market is deprived of level playing field.
Abuse of dominance is wrong in eyes of competition law which is prohibited under act and
not dominance. Saying that LIC abuses its dominance would be an overstatement but we
cannot deny that there is an anti-competitive environment due to the sovereign guarantee and
IRDA regulations relating to agents which leads to exclusive distribution network.
According to section 4(2) (c), an enterprise is said to abuse its dominant position if it indulges
in practices resulting in denial of market access (in any manner). LIC, not on its own but due
to IRDA regulation of locking agents to one insurer, has an advantage of exclusive
distribution network. It is an old enterprise with an agent counts over 11 lakh whereas private
players have not more than few lakhs agents on a whole. The more number of agents getting
enrolled in IRDA choose to be agents of LIC because of their dominant position due to which
they get an easy sell of insurance amongst customers and hence, more commission. While,
agents are the chief distribution network, people will buy insurance from them. Hence, they
should be allowed to sell all insurance so that customers get a wider range of choice at once
and other players get a level playing field. If the agents are more with LIC and it has a huge
market, people are left with less option than to choose LIC.
Through the purview of competition act, it shall be much easier to explain the dominance
position of LIC in market. According to section 19(4), the commission shall enquire as to
whether an enterprise enjoys a dominant position or not under section 4 through following
factors:-
a) Market share of the enterprise- with more than 70% of market share, it is obvious that
LIC dominates the market even post liberalisation. There has not been much change
in market since then. The size of market has grown but the hold of LIC and its
consumers market still exist dominantly. LIC sold 4.76% less, while private
companies saw a 20% decline in the number of policies sold.9
b) Size and resources of the enterprise- LIC is a large enterprise with more than 11 lakh
agents as their dominant distribution network. LIC has also 8 zone office, 100
divisional office, 2048 branch offices and 26 banc assurance partners unlike other
9
Revised ULIP norms create minor effects in insurance premium growth by Silicon India,02 Feb,2011
24. private players like ICICI with 2100 branch office, agents of 2 lakh and 18 banc
assurance or Bajaj Allianz with 1200 branches, agents 2.5 lakhs. Resource of LIC is
way ahead of others due to IRDA regulation which the commission need to check to
provide a free and competitive market. Such availability of resources in form of
market and distribution network, the market is denied of a level playing field for its
players.
c) Size and importance of the competitors- It is evident from my research that LIC
dominates market through exclusive network distribution. Other private players have
comparatively weak market. Some of the life insurance companies in India that r
reported positive growth in financial year 2008-2009 are LIC, Met Life, Kotal
Mahindra and Shriram. LIC booked a gain of Rs.957.35 crore as against Rs 844.64
crore the previous year. Met Life benefit arose rose to Rs14.52 crore and Shriram
profits were up by Rs8.11 crore. Kotak Mahindra, which had booked a loss of Rs
71.87 crore previous year, saw its profits rising by 14.34 crore.
However, the scenario was not the same for all the companies. SBI Life, after
reporting profits for 3 years in a row, faced a loss of Rs 26.31 crore in 2008-09. ICICI
Prudential also incurred a record loss of Rs 779crore.
While considering the performance of Indian Life Insurance sector in 2008-09, we
cannot ignore some downward trends the industry undergone. The private players in
this sector witnessed a loss of Rs 4,879 crore. In order to tackle the losses, he life
insurance company giants had to infuse Rs 5,956 crore. This shows that the private
players have small size and weak market.
d) Economic power of the enterprise including commercial advantage over competitors-
With great strength of agents unlike other players in market, it is obvious that LIC has
grown a great distribution network of agents helping it to enjoy a dominant position.
The total premium collected by LIC is 185,985 crores. This shows that LIC has a
huge economic built up and has undue advantage over other competitors. To add, the
commission paid by LIC to its agents rose by 20.7% in financial year 2009- 2010
which shows that exclusive distribution network is benefitting LIC over other players.
e) Vertical integration of the enterprise or sale or service network of such enterprises- no
such vertical integration seen ,
f) Dependence of consumers on the enterprise;- There is no doubt that consumer
depends for buying such service because of a distribution network. Agents being the
most important have a significant role to play pre and post premium payment. When
11 lakh agents are registered with LIC and people have a faith build in LIC, the
consumers are largely dependent on this enterprise for safety of their investments.
25. g) Monopoly or dominant position whether acquired as a result of any statute or by
virtue of being a government company of a public sector undertaking or otherwise-
Non level playing field in this sector exists due to which LIC enjoys dominant
position. It seems like LIC is first among equals. There is no doubt that LIC being a
state owned enterprise has a upper hand in the market because of public trust build in
them. The government guarantees to public to safeguard their money invested through
insurance in LIC in case of any loss incurred by the company but the other players do
not have such advantage due to which their grip over market is not built up. This leads
to non-level playing field in the market against the principle of this act.
h) Entry barriers including barriers such as regulatory barriers, financial risk, high
capital cost of entry, marketing entry barriers, technical entry barriers, economies of
scale, high cost of substitutable goods and service for consumers- though none of the
alternative channels as such are in position to replace the personal selling through the
agents, the players have been vying with each other through a combination of
innovative channels in their endeavour to reduce the cost ofdistribution and satisfying
customers. Alternative channels will grow over a period of time. The distribution
network is locking the growth of other players and giving the market a non-level
playing field.
i) Countervailing buying power- there is no countervailing power as such
j) Market structure and size of markets- Out of this percentage more than 70% is
dominated by LIC which shows the dominant position of LIC and the non level
playing field existent in the market denying healthy competition in market. A rise of
almost 47% has been witnessed by LIC in its average premium per policy.10
k) Social obligation and social costs;
l) Relative advantage, by way of the contribution to the economic development, by
enterprise enjoying a dominant position having or likely to have an appreciable
adverse effect on competition;
10 th
The Economic Times, 15 Feb’2010
26. m) Any other factor which commission consider relevant.
Possibility of Abuse of Dominance.
There could be circumstances where LIC would try to get in tie in arrangements to leverage
co financing of health sector or other sector to gain customers trust and market. LIC is a trend
setter. Other players have to look up to LIC for setting up standards. Such hypothetical
conditions could lead to severe competition challenges in future. Also, hybrid products of
mutual fund shall become popular in the coming future as it helps saving tax and such
schemes shall influence the market and competition in subtle manner. There would be a non-
level playing market condition not good for healthy competitive market.
27. Conclusion and suggestion
During the research, I came across several incidences making it evident that LIC is a
dominant market player with more than 70% of market. 22 of the private insurers had
managed a higher growth at 7% against 2% in the previous period, but they cumulatively lost
6% market share to the LIC, the only public sector insurer. 11The majorly belongs to LIV
with more than 70 % of market share in respect to other private player market Dominance
may not be per se wrong under competition Act but abuse of dominance is wrong. With
major market share there seems a ground that the market does not provide for a level playing
field in the market. Level playing field is to be provided for a fair competitive environment
which the commission undertakes to do. Sovereign guarantee of government to state owned
LIC is giving it an unfair advantage to build trust in customers due to which LIC has a major
life insurance market share. Also the exclusive distribution network LIC prevents market
from competition knowingly or unknowingly. Having a large number of agents cannot be
said to be an anti-competitive practice but such a regulation has given an advantage to LIC as
it has over 11 lakh agents in comparison to other player is far more. Agents build a relation
with customers and when one agent is allowed to provide service of only one insurer it
provides the customer with less choice. More LIC agents mean more selling of LIC products.
People invest more with a faith that their investment is guaranteed to come back if not by LIC
than by government. More distribution network means more dominance of LIC in market.
Commission needs to look into such a situation to give an open and level playing market to
all players. Such leveraging of distribution network shall lead to anti-competitive eq
As sovereign guarantee is key to LIC's pre-eminent position in life insurance business, the
Committee is of the view that this stature bestowed on LIC by Parliament should not be
diluted in any manner under the pretext of providing a level playing field in insurance
sector,” the report said.
SUGGESTION
• The commission needs to advocate competition in market.
• The commission needs to enquire in detail about reasons behind such anti competitive
behaviour of life insurance market.
11
Revised ULIP norms create minor effects in insure premium growth, by Silicon India- 02 Feb 2011
28. • The commission needs to advocate the government to remove such sovereign
guarantee to give the life insurance a free market and level playing field. The opinion
given by the commission under section 49(1) shall not be binding upon the central
government in formulating such policy. Under section 49(3) the commission shall
also takes measures for the promotion of competition advocacy, creating awareness
and imparting training about competition issues.
• The life insurance market will see a healthy competition with the opening up of
developing markets to competition, there is a greater impetus to demand growth and
volumes would start dictating economic sizes and pricing. This fuels mergers and
acquisition and makes survival of small sized firm difficult. Though life insurance
sector had not seen any merger and acquisition as yet but in the near future, with the
growth of the growth of market, such problems shall come up.
• The commission cannot challenge the regulation for insurance as there is a separate
body called IRDA governing insurance sector, but the commission can surely bring in
picture the adverse effect of such regulation on competition in market before the
consumer as well as the regulatory body to help market get a level playing field for all
players.
• There should be fair effort made by commission to enlarge the distribution network to
provide a level playing field to all players and also discourage dominance of LIC due
to exclusive distribution of network through agents.
• Also , the commission can make a report on how the market suffers from anti
competitive practices due to IRDA regulation and also ask government to increase
FDI cap from 26% to 49% to bring more players in market which would help more
population to be covered from life insurance.