FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY. INJURY- ITS LEGAL CONSIDERATION AND TYPES.

1. FORENSIC
MEDICINE AND
TOXICOLOGY
DR. JANKI BHANVADIA
M.D(HOM)
ASSI. PRO. DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
RAJKOT HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE,
PARUL UNIVERSITY.

2. INJURIES
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS AND TYPES

3. LEGAL ASPECTS OF INJURY
 MEDICALAND LEGAL DEFINITIONS OF INJURY:
 To a medical man, injury means
“breach of continuity of any tissue of the body”,
which means all wounds or all bodily injuries.
 To legal man, injury means
“any harm caused illegally to a person, i.e., to his
body, mind, reputation or property”.

4. OFFENCES AGAINST HUMAN BODY
 Offences against the human body are
described with punishment for such
offences, under sections 299 to 377
I.P.C. And also under sections 394, 396,
397, 459, 497 and 498-A I.P.C.
 Offences against human body is the
theme of these sections.

5. • The offence under these sections concern with death of human beings,
confinement, assault, hurt, sex offences, abortion, cruelty etc.
 Sections 299 to 311 (offences affecting life)
 Sections 312 to 316 (abortion and child birth)
 Section 317 (abandonment of child)
 Section 318 (concealment of child)
 Sections 319 to 338 (offences related to causing hurt)
 Sections 349 to 358 (assault)
 Sections 394,396,397 causing hurt and death during robbery or dacoit.
 Section 459 (causing grievous hurt during lurking house)
 Section 497 (adultery)
 Section 498-A (cruelty to married women)

6. CLASSIFICATION OF
WOUNDS
(TYPES OF BODILY INJURIES)

7. A. Classification of injuries according to
causative factors
B. Classification according to severity of
the injury
C. Medico legal classification of injuries
D. Classification in relation to moment of
death.

8. A. CLASSIFICATION OF INJURIES
ACCORDING TO CAUSATIVE FACTORS:
I. MECHANICAL OR PHYSICAL INJURIES-
These are the injuries produced by application of
mechanical force. These are....
1. Abrasion
2. Bruise or contusion
3. Laceration
4. Incised wound
5. Punctured wound
6. Fracture or dislocation of a bone, tooth or joint
7. Firearm wound- a type of puncture wound, cause by a
high velocity projectile.

9. II. THERMAL INJURIES-
1. DUE TO APPLICATION OF HEAT:
a) General effects of exposure to heat, hot atmosphere (it may not
cause visible injury)
 Heat hyperpyrexia (heat stroke or sun stroke)
 Heat exhaustion or heat collapse
 Heat cramps or miner’s cramps.
b) Effects of local application of heat-
 Burns (due to application of dry heat)
 Scald (due to application of moist heat).

10. 2. DUE TO APPLICATION OF COLD:
a) general effect of exposure to cold- Hypothermia.
b) Local effect of exposure to cold-
 Frost bite (due to dry cold)
 Trench foot (due to moist cold)

11. III. CHEMICAL INJURIES-
1. Corrosion (due to application of strong acids or
alkalies)
2. Irritation (due to application of weak acids,
alkalies and some other chemicals or plant or
animal extracts.)

12. IV. MISCELLANEOUS INJURIES-
1. Electrical injury (due to electrocution)
2. Radiation injuries (due to X-ray, UV rays,
radio-active substances)
3. Lightning injuries (a combination of electrical
injury, mechanical injury and thermal/ burn
injury.)
4. Blast injuries (a combination of mechanical and
thermal injuries).

13. B. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING
TO SEVERITY OF THE INJURY:
I. Simple
II. Grievous which may or may not be dangerous
to life.

14. C. MEDICOLEGAL
CLASSIFICATION OF INJURIES-
I. Self-inflicted or Suicidal
II. Injuries inflicted by others or Homicidal
III. Accidental injuries
IV. Defence wounds
V. Fabricated wounds

15. D. CLASSIFICATION IN RELATION
TO MOMENT OF DEATH-
I. Ante-mortem wounds.
II. Post-mortem wounds.