- Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) were established by governments to provide long-term financing for industrial and infrastructure projects due to the risky and long-gestation nature of such projects.
- Over time, as financial systems became more sophisticated in risk management, banks and bond markets became better able to finance such projects, reducing the need for DFIs with government support.
- In India, the first DFI was established in 1948 and many more were set up over the subsequent decades to promote development across various sectors, with some focused on long-term lending and others on refinancing.
This document discusses venture capital in India, including government efforts and funds from public and private institutions. It notes that venture capital was first introduced in India in 1975 through IFCI. Since then, various government institutions like IDBI and ICICI have established venture capital funds. State governments and public sector banks have also promoted funds. Private venture capital emerged in the 1980s, and some overseas funds have also invested in India. The document outlines some challenges to growth of the industry in India like restrictive regulations and lack of private capital pools. It concludes with a brief overview of SEBI regulations for venture capital funds introduced in 1996.
The document discusses India's smart cities initiative which aims to develop 100 smart cities through public-private partnerships. A sum of Rs. 7060 crore has been allocated for this project in the 2014-15 budget. Smart cities are defined as ecologically friendly and technologically integrated urban spaces that use information technology to improve efficiency. They aim to create livable, workable and sustainable cities. However, challenges include ensuring projects are self-sustaining without controversial land acquisition and that resources also go towards improving existing cities' basic infrastructure through urban renewal.
IIFCL was incorporated in 2006 as a wholly government-owned company to provide financing for infrastructure projects in India. IIFCL provides direct lending, refinancing to banks, and other approved methods of financing. It focuses on sectors like transportation, energy, urban infrastructure, and other approved sectors. IIFCL raises funds through government equity, rupee and foreign currency bonds, and loans from international institutions to provide financing. It finances commercially viable projects and works with lead banks on appraisal and monitoring. Loans are provided with terms like maximum 20% of project cost and pari passu charge with other debt. IIFCL also implements schemes like takeout financing, credit enhancement, and refinancing to banks to further its
A Basic guide to Infrastructure Business and Financing in India by Netz Capit...atulpkhekade
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing in India by netz capital advisors. Netz Capital provides services such as corporate finance, project finance, real estate finance, manufacturing finance, hospitality finance, aircraft finance, expansion capital, expansion finance and working capital.
The document appears to be a project report submitted by Gaurav Singh for their MBA program. It discusses conducting analysis of mutual fund comparison. The report includes an executive summary, company profile of HDFC AMC, industry profile of the mutual fund sector in India, research methodology, findings and analysis, fund rankings, and conclusion.
Infrastructure financing guide india netz capitalAtul Khekade
This document provides an overview of infrastructure business, investing, and financing in India. It discusses the large funding needs for India's infrastructure sector. It also outlines the major infrastructure sectors, common contract types like EPC and BOT, areas of focus for infrastructure companies, and sources of financing like equity and debt. The goal is to give readers a basic understanding of opportunities and challenges in the Indian infrastructure industry.
Global Competitive Insights (GCI) are monthly reports, which discuss the latest activities taking place in a particular sector, across the globe. The reports are published with an objective of providing all the latest and relevant information to the readers in a concise format.
The objective of GCI reports is to keep the readers abreast with the developments in the concerned sectors, while saving their time and resources in compiling all the data and extracting information of it.
In order to book your subscription, please visit www.indalytics.com
- Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) were established by governments to provide long-term financing for industrial and infrastructure projects due to the risky and long-gestation nature of such projects.
- Over time, as financial systems became more sophisticated in risk management, banks and bond markets became better able to finance such projects, reducing the need for DFIs with government support.
- In India, the first DFI was established in 1948 and many more were set up over the subsequent decades to promote development across various sectors, with some focused on long-term lending and others on refinancing.
This document discusses venture capital in India, including government efforts and funds from public and private institutions. It notes that venture capital was first introduced in India in 1975 through IFCI. Since then, various government institutions like IDBI and ICICI have established venture capital funds. State governments and public sector banks have also promoted funds. Private venture capital emerged in the 1980s, and some overseas funds have also invested in India. The document outlines some challenges to growth of the industry in India like restrictive regulations and lack of private capital pools. It concludes with a brief overview of SEBI regulations for venture capital funds introduced in 1996.
The document discusses India's smart cities initiative which aims to develop 100 smart cities through public-private partnerships. A sum of Rs. 7060 crore has been allocated for this project in the 2014-15 budget. Smart cities are defined as ecologically friendly and technologically integrated urban spaces that use information technology to improve efficiency. They aim to create livable, workable and sustainable cities. However, challenges include ensuring projects are self-sustaining without controversial land acquisition and that resources also go towards improving existing cities' basic infrastructure through urban renewal.
IIFCL was incorporated in 2006 as a wholly government-owned company to provide financing for infrastructure projects in India. IIFCL provides direct lending, refinancing to banks, and other approved methods of financing. It focuses on sectors like transportation, energy, urban infrastructure, and other approved sectors. IIFCL raises funds through government equity, rupee and foreign currency bonds, and loans from international institutions to provide financing. It finances commercially viable projects and works with lead banks on appraisal and monitoring. Loans are provided with terms like maximum 20% of project cost and pari passu charge with other debt. IIFCL also implements schemes like takeout financing, credit enhancement, and refinancing to banks to further its
A Basic guide to Infrastructure Business and Financing in India by Netz Capit...atulpkhekade
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing in India by netz capital advisors. Netz Capital provides services such as corporate finance, project finance, real estate finance, manufacturing finance, hospitality finance, aircraft finance, expansion capital, expansion finance and working capital.
The document appears to be a project report submitted by Gaurav Singh for their MBA program. It discusses conducting analysis of mutual fund comparison. The report includes an executive summary, company profile of HDFC AMC, industry profile of the mutual fund sector in India, research methodology, findings and analysis, fund rankings, and conclusion.
Infrastructure financing guide india netz capitalAtul Khekade
This document provides an overview of infrastructure business, investing, and financing in India. It discusses the large funding needs for India's infrastructure sector. It also outlines the major infrastructure sectors, common contract types like EPC and BOT, areas of focus for infrastructure companies, and sources of financing like equity and debt. The goal is to give readers a basic understanding of opportunities and challenges in the Indian infrastructure industry.
Global Competitive Insights (GCI) are monthly reports, which discuss the latest activities taking place in a particular sector, across the globe. The reports are published with an objective of providing all the latest and relevant information to the readers in a concise format.
The objective of GCI reports is to keep the readers abreast with the developments in the concerned sectors, while saving their time and resources in compiling all the data and extracting information of it.
In order to book your subscription, please visit www.indalytics.com
The document discusses ESCO financing opportunities and roadblocks in India. It provides an overview of SIDBI's initiatives to promote energy efficiency, the ESCO scenario, and its Partial Risk Sharing Facility (PRSF) program. PRSF aims to catalyze the energy efficiency project market implemented by ESCOs through performance contracting by providing risk coverage to banks financing such projects. It outlines the eligibility criteria, roles of stakeholders like ESCOs, hosts, banks, and SIDBI as the program administrator. SIDBI is undertaking various technical assistance activities like training, marketing, and meetings to promote the ESCO industry in India through the PRSF program.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. It offers project financing, equity financing, structured products, and advisory/investment banking services focused on key sectors like transport, energy, telecom, and industrial infrastructure. IDFC has expanded from primarily financing power and roads to also include energy, IT, urban infrastructure, food, and agribusiness. It manages funds, provides investment banking services, and develops and finances infrastructure projects to support growth of the Indian economy.
Portfolio management and Mutual fund analysismuhibullah1989
This document is a project report submitted by Sweti Kejariwal to the University of Pune in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes portfolio management and mutual funds based on a summer internship at IDBI Bank from June to July 2013 under the guidance of CA ShilpaBhide. The report provides background on portfolio management and the history of mutual funds, describes the research methodology used, and presents findings from analyzing different mutual fund schemes to create an optimal portfolio.
A project report on consumer behaviour at uti mutual fundsProjects Kart
The document provides an overview of UTI Mutual Fund, including its history, subsidiaries, vision, mission, products, and organizational structure. It discusses the growth of the Indian mutual fund industry since 1963 when UTI was established, including key phases marked by the entry of public and private sector funds. It also briefly compares the global and Indian mutual fund industries in terms of size and adoption of online trading.
- Rahul Thukral conducted a summer internship project analyzing the decrease in HUDCO's bond rate.
- HUDCO's bond is currently rated AA+ by rating agencies, leading to slightly higher borrowing costs than organizations rated AAA.
- The project aims to identify reasons for HUDCO's lower rating by comparing it to REC, which has a similar profile. Key criteria examined include capital adequacy, operating efficiency, risk appetite, earnings capacity, and asset quality.
- Preliminary analysis found HUDCO lagging in operational activities, as REC mobilizes approximately double the funds with similar expenses. HUDCO's market research and treasury operations were identified as areas for improvement.
The document provides background information on mutual funds including:
- The first mutual fund was created in 1924 in Boston by pooling money from three securities executives.
- The first pooled fund in the US was created in 1893 for Harvard University faculty and staff.
- After the stock market crash of 1929, laws were passed in 1933 and 1934 to regulate mutual funds.
- Growth was steady through the 1960s, but index funds emerged in 1976 helping growth accelerate. By the late 20th century, mutual funds had grown enormously in the US in terms of number, assets, and investors.
A STUDY OF INVESTORS AWARENESS ON DIGIALIZATION OF MUTUAL FUNDSshweta rani
The document discusses the financial services sector, which includes companies that provide services like banking, investment funds, insurance, and real estate. It notes that financial stocks are popular investments that perform well in low interest rate environments. The section also introduces mutual funds as a way for investors to pool their savings and have their money professionally managed in a diversified portfolio.
This document appears to be a student's dissertation on credit appraisal procedures at the Karnataka State Financial Corporation. It includes an introduction that provides background on the development of financial institutions and development banking in India. It then gives a brief profile of some major development banks such as IDBI, IFCI, SIDBI, and state financial corporations. The remainder of the document appears to focus on analyzing credit appraisal procedures and loan sanctioning practices of the Karnataka State Financial Corporation based on primary data collection and analysis. It includes chapters on literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusions.
Project financing has become widely used in India for large capital projects. It allows projects to be financed through non-recourse loans, with lenders looking primarily to the cash flows generated by the project rather than the sponsoring company. Key elements include borrowing before construction is complete and limiting lenders' recourse to project assets and revenues. Major agreements include construction contracts, fuel and off-take agreements, and loan documents that dedicate project cash flows to debt repayment. Project financing is commonly used for infrastructure, energy, and industrial facilities.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. Over the past 5 years, it has tripled its project approvals and nearly doubled its disbursements. It offers a wide range of financial products and services including project finance, private equity, asset management, and investment banking. IDFC has grown significantly in recent years, with its net worth increasing over 2.5 times and total assets growing nearly 3 times from 2005 to 2010. It aims to further support the development of infrastructure across India.
The document is a project report submitted by Nikunj B. Shende to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Administration degree. The report examines the top five tax saving schemes in mutual funds in India from 2008-2012. It includes an introduction to the topic of tax planning and mutual funds, the growth and organization of the mutual fund industry in India, and objectives, scope, and limitations of the study. Methodology, data analysis, findings, and recommendations are also discussed.
The annual report summarizes progress made in the first quarter of 2012 on a project to strengthen Egypt's Ministry of Social Solidarity (MoSS). Key accomplishments include setting up meetings between MoSS staff and consultants to facilitate knowledge transfer, upgrading several social units, and making progress on construction projects. Ongoing risks include MoSS's limited capacity and changing mandate. The report provides updates on three outputs: establishing expertise to support MoSS, developing MoSS's structure, and building MoSS's capacity, with progress reported on targets within each output.
Smit extract from draft smart city proposal - citizens initiative for smart...ANIRBAN CHOUDHURY
A Hybrid of Real Estate Investment Trust and Infrastructure Investment Trust, mezzanine funds. It will also provide non recourse project funding. The investors principal is also secured for providing added confidence. Its meant to operate in remote islands of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
IDFC First Bank: Analysis and Outlook Mitali Pania
This document analyzes IDFC FIRST BANK. It provides an overview of trends in the Indian banking sector, including strong credit growth. It outlines the merger that formed IDFC FIRST BANK and describes its leadership and shareholding. The document observes trends in the bank's financials like rising net interest income and CASA deposits. Capital adequacy ratios are projected to gradually decline but remain above regulatory limits. Non-performing assets are expected to fall to healthy levels by 2024-25.
Developing_a_private_sector_housing_finance_market_in_IraqHenry Owainati CFA
The document discusses developing a private sector housing finance market in Iraq. It provides an overview of Iraq's National Housing Policy, which aims to establish an enabling environment to attract private sector engagement in housing and finance. It analyzes the growing demand for housing driven by population growth, economic recovery, and war effects. Currently, private sector supply of housing finance is limited, while government-funded loans are the main source but limited. The report proposes four approaches to encourage private retail mortgage markets: commission-based retail, guarantees to back private lending, leveraging private sector collateral, and establishing the state as a second-tier lender. It recommends pilot projects to test these approaches.
The document discusses some of the key challenges in managing public projects through public-private partnerships in India. It notes that time and cost overruns are common, reflecting poorly on project management teams. Some challenges include incomplete scope assessments, bureaucratic procedures, and a lack of competent leadership. While some challenges are inherent to the system, teams can enhance performance through better planning, leveraging the system, and having skills like flexibility and diplomacy. Understanding terminal objectives, technical competence, and stakeholders are important for driving social projects effectively.
investement planning through NJ INDIA invest pvt ltdAmanpreet Singh
This document provides an overview of the mutual fund industry in India. It discusses the evolution of the industry from the formation of Unit Trust of India in 1963 to the present day, where the industry has grown significantly and become more competitive. It also describes the basic concept of a mutual fund, how it pools investments from many investors and invests it according to the fund's objectives. The document focuses on providing a high-level history and introduction to mutual funds in India.
A project report on on the working capital management in karnataka state fina...Babasab Patil
The document discusses the working capital management of the Karnataka State Finance Corporation (KSFC). It provides background on KSFC, stating that it was established in 1915 to provide financial assistance to industrial units in Karnataka. The objectives of the study are to understand KSFC's working capital components and patterns over the period from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007. Data is collected from KSFC's annual reports during this period and analyzed using statistical techniques. The document also outlines KSFC's organizational profile, history, achievements and main activities in providing long term lending and other financial services to support industrial development in Karnataka.
- The Indian mutual fund industry has grown at a healthy pace of 18-19% in the last 8 years, compared to a 13% growth rate worldwide.
- It is projected to achieve even higher growth of 22-23% by the end of the current fiscal year.
- As of December 2010, the Indian mutual fund industry's assets under management totaled around Rs. 7 lakh crores.
- However, assets under management as a percentage of India's GDP is only 4.12%, much lower than other major countries.
- The industry is in a fast growth phase with increasing competition from
Este documento resume la identidad, diversidad, origen y evolución de los mamíferos. Los mamíferos comparten sinapomorfías como glándulas mamarias y una mandíbula formada solo por el hueso dentario. A pesar de estas similitudes, los mamíferos son extremadamente diversos en tamaño, hábitat y apariencia. Los mamíferos evolucionaron a partir de sinápsidos primitivos y sobrevivieron a la extinción masiva que acabó con los dinosaurios, lo que les permitió diversificarse. Adaptaciones
Boletín de prensa (Salarios mínimos y gasolina 2011) 13DIC2010Juan José Sánchez
El poder adquisitivo del salario mínimo en México se ha reducido significativamente durante la administración actual. Los precios de los productos básicos han aumentado entre un 50-150% desde 2006, mientras que el salario mínimo solo ha aumentado ligeramente. Para mantener el mismo nivel de vida, el salario mínimo debería haber aumentado un 5.6% este año para compensar la inflación y un 45% total para restaurar su poder adquisitivo desde 2006.
The document discusses ESCO financing opportunities and roadblocks in India. It provides an overview of SIDBI's initiatives to promote energy efficiency, the ESCO scenario, and its Partial Risk Sharing Facility (PRSF) program. PRSF aims to catalyze the energy efficiency project market implemented by ESCOs through performance contracting by providing risk coverage to banks financing such projects. It outlines the eligibility criteria, roles of stakeholders like ESCOs, hosts, banks, and SIDBI as the program administrator. SIDBI is undertaking various technical assistance activities like training, marketing, and meetings to promote the ESCO industry in India through the PRSF program.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. It offers project financing, equity financing, structured products, and advisory/investment banking services focused on key sectors like transport, energy, telecom, and industrial infrastructure. IDFC has expanded from primarily financing power and roads to also include energy, IT, urban infrastructure, food, and agribusiness. It manages funds, provides investment banking services, and develops and finances infrastructure projects to support growth of the Indian economy.
Portfolio management and Mutual fund analysismuhibullah1989
This document is a project report submitted by Sweti Kejariwal to the University of Pune in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes portfolio management and mutual funds based on a summer internship at IDBI Bank from June to July 2013 under the guidance of CA ShilpaBhide. The report provides background on portfolio management and the history of mutual funds, describes the research methodology used, and presents findings from analyzing different mutual fund schemes to create an optimal portfolio.
A project report on consumer behaviour at uti mutual fundsProjects Kart
The document provides an overview of UTI Mutual Fund, including its history, subsidiaries, vision, mission, products, and organizational structure. It discusses the growth of the Indian mutual fund industry since 1963 when UTI was established, including key phases marked by the entry of public and private sector funds. It also briefly compares the global and Indian mutual fund industries in terms of size and adoption of online trading.
- Rahul Thukral conducted a summer internship project analyzing the decrease in HUDCO's bond rate.
- HUDCO's bond is currently rated AA+ by rating agencies, leading to slightly higher borrowing costs than organizations rated AAA.
- The project aims to identify reasons for HUDCO's lower rating by comparing it to REC, which has a similar profile. Key criteria examined include capital adequacy, operating efficiency, risk appetite, earnings capacity, and asset quality.
- Preliminary analysis found HUDCO lagging in operational activities, as REC mobilizes approximately double the funds with similar expenses. HUDCO's market research and treasury operations were identified as areas for improvement.
The document provides background information on mutual funds including:
- The first mutual fund was created in 1924 in Boston by pooling money from three securities executives.
- The first pooled fund in the US was created in 1893 for Harvard University faculty and staff.
- After the stock market crash of 1929, laws were passed in 1933 and 1934 to regulate mutual funds.
- Growth was steady through the 1960s, but index funds emerged in 1976 helping growth accelerate. By the late 20th century, mutual funds had grown enormously in the US in terms of number, assets, and investors.
A STUDY OF INVESTORS AWARENESS ON DIGIALIZATION OF MUTUAL FUNDSshweta rani
The document discusses the financial services sector, which includes companies that provide services like banking, investment funds, insurance, and real estate. It notes that financial stocks are popular investments that perform well in low interest rate environments. The section also introduces mutual funds as a way for investors to pool their savings and have their money professionally managed in a diversified portfolio.
This document appears to be a student's dissertation on credit appraisal procedures at the Karnataka State Financial Corporation. It includes an introduction that provides background on the development of financial institutions and development banking in India. It then gives a brief profile of some major development banks such as IDBI, IFCI, SIDBI, and state financial corporations. The remainder of the document appears to focus on analyzing credit appraisal procedures and loan sanctioning practices of the Karnataka State Financial Corporation based on primary data collection and analysis. It includes chapters on literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusions.
Project financing has become widely used in India for large capital projects. It allows projects to be financed through non-recourse loans, with lenders looking primarily to the cash flows generated by the project rather than the sponsoring company. Key elements include borrowing before construction is complete and limiting lenders' recourse to project assets and revenues. Major agreements include construction contracts, fuel and off-take agreements, and loan documents that dedicate project cash flows to debt repayment. Project financing is commonly used for infrastructure, energy, and industrial facilities.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. Over the past 5 years, it has tripled its project approvals and nearly doubled its disbursements. It offers a wide range of financial products and services including project finance, private equity, asset management, and investment banking. IDFC has grown significantly in recent years, with its net worth increasing over 2.5 times and total assets growing nearly 3 times from 2005 to 2010. It aims to further support the development of infrastructure across India.
The document is a project report submitted by Nikunj B. Shende to Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Administration degree. The report examines the top five tax saving schemes in mutual funds in India from 2008-2012. It includes an introduction to the topic of tax planning and mutual funds, the growth and organization of the mutual fund industry in India, and objectives, scope, and limitations of the study. Methodology, data analysis, findings, and recommendations are also discussed.
The annual report summarizes progress made in the first quarter of 2012 on a project to strengthen Egypt's Ministry of Social Solidarity (MoSS). Key accomplishments include setting up meetings between MoSS staff and consultants to facilitate knowledge transfer, upgrading several social units, and making progress on construction projects. Ongoing risks include MoSS's limited capacity and changing mandate. The report provides updates on three outputs: establishing expertise to support MoSS, developing MoSS's structure, and building MoSS's capacity, with progress reported on targets within each output.
Smit extract from draft smart city proposal - citizens initiative for smart...ANIRBAN CHOUDHURY
A Hybrid of Real Estate Investment Trust and Infrastructure Investment Trust, mezzanine funds. It will also provide non recourse project funding. The investors principal is also secured for providing added confidence. Its meant to operate in remote islands of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
IDFC First Bank: Analysis and Outlook Mitali Pania
This document analyzes IDFC FIRST BANK. It provides an overview of trends in the Indian banking sector, including strong credit growth. It outlines the merger that formed IDFC FIRST BANK and describes its leadership and shareholding. The document observes trends in the bank's financials like rising net interest income and CASA deposits. Capital adequacy ratios are projected to gradually decline but remain above regulatory limits. Non-performing assets are expected to fall to healthy levels by 2024-25.
Developing_a_private_sector_housing_finance_market_in_IraqHenry Owainati CFA
The document discusses developing a private sector housing finance market in Iraq. It provides an overview of Iraq's National Housing Policy, which aims to establish an enabling environment to attract private sector engagement in housing and finance. It analyzes the growing demand for housing driven by population growth, economic recovery, and war effects. Currently, private sector supply of housing finance is limited, while government-funded loans are the main source but limited. The report proposes four approaches to encourage private retail mortgage markets: commission-based retail, guarantees to back private lending, leveraging private sector collateral, and establishing the state as a second-tier lender. It recommends pilot projects to test these approaches.
The document discusses some of the key challenges in managing public projects through public-private partnerships in India. It notes that time and cost overruns are common, reflecting poorly on project management teams. Some challenges include incomplete scope assessments, bureaucratic procedures, and a lack of competent leadership. While some challenges are inherent to the system, teams can enhance performance through better planning, leveraging the system, and having skills like flexibility and diplomacy. Understanding terminal objectives, technical competence, and stakeholders are important for driving social projects effectively.
investement planning through NJ INDIA invest pvt ltdAmanpreet Singh
This document provides an overview of the mutual fund industry in India. It discusses the evolution of the industry from the formation of Unit Trust of India in 1963 to the present day, where the industry has grown significantly and become more competitive. It also describes the basic concept of a mutual fund, how it pools investments from many investors and invests it according to the fund's objectives. The document focuses on providing a high-level history and introduction to mutual funds in India.
A project report on on the working capital management in karnataka state fina...Babasab Patil
The document discusses the working capital management of the Karnataka State Finance Corporation (KSFC). It provides background on KSFC, stating that it was established in 1915 to provide financial assistance to industrial units in Karnataka. The objectives of the study are to understand KSFC's working capital components and patterns over the period from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007. Data is collected from KSFC's annual reports during this period and analyzed using statistical techniques. The document also outlines KSFC's organizational profile, history, achievements and main activities in providing long term lending and other financial services to support industrial development in Karnataka.
- The Indian mutual fund industry has grown at a healthy pace of 18-19% in the last 8 years, compared to a 13% growth rate worldwide.
- It is projected to achieve even higher growth of 22-23% by the end of the current fiscal year.
- As of December 2010, the Indian mutual fund industry's assets under management totaled around Rs. 7 lakh crores.
- However, assets under management as a percentage of India's GDP is only 4.12%, much lower than other major countries.
- The industry is in a fast growth phase with increasing competition from
Este documento resume la identidad, diversidad, origen y evolución de los mamíferos. Los mamíferos comparten sinapomorfías como glándulas mamarias y una mandíbula formada solo por el hueso dentario. A pesar de estas similitudes, los mamíferos son extremadamente diversos en tamaño, hábitat y apariencia. Los mamíferos evolucionaron a partir de sinápsidos primitivos y sobrevivieron a la extinción masiva que acabó con los dinosaurios, lo que les permitió diversificarse. Adaptaciones
Boletín de prensa (Salarios mínimos y gasolina 2011) 13DIC2010Juan José Sánchez
El poder adquisitivo del salario mínimo en México se ha reducido significativamente durante la administración actual. Los precios de los productos básicos han aumentado entre un 50-150% desde 2006, mientras que el salario mínimo solo ha aumentado ligeramente. Para mantener el mismo nivel de vida, el salario mínimo debería haber aumentado un 5.6% este año para compensar la inflación y un 45% total para restaurar su poder adquisitivo desde 2006.
Clipping YBlog 14/04/12 @ IED BarcelonaIED Barcelona
Este documento contiene información sobre una publicación online realizada el 14 de abril de 2012, incluyendo el tamaño del espacio publicitario de 2 cm2, un valor de 1,250 € y el uso de imagen. No proporciona detalles sobre la tirada, sección, difusión, audiencia u otros datos relevantes.
Este documento describe brevemente la historia de la radio y cómo se han utilizado diferentes longitudes de ondas para diferentes fines. Explica que las ondas más cortas tienen una frecuencia más alta, mientras que las ondas más largas tienen una frecuencia más baja. Además, define las unidades de medida de la frecuencia como el hertzio, kilohertzio y megahertzio, e indica que las ondas de radio van desde algunos kilohertzios hasta varios megahertzios. Finalmente, resume los principales descubrimientos de Hertz, Fleming y De Forest en el desarrollo
El documento presenta una práctica de Excel que incluye 5 pasos: 1) copiar una hoja de cálculo existente, 2) obtener valores de ingresos y gastos para meses restantes manteniendo el mismo incremento mensual, 3) crear filas para totales mensuales, 4) agregar 4 columnas para total anual, promedio, máximo y mínimo, 5) completar las columnas agregadas. El objetivo es generar un resumen financiero mensual y anual con cálculos básicos.
Тупкало С. В., Тупкало В. М.
Бюджетування: системний провесно-орієнтований підхід
Міжнародна науково-практична конференція «Стратегія підприємства: зміна парадигми управління та інноваційні рішення для бізнесу»
Международная научно-практическая конференция: «Стратегия предприятия: изменение парадигмы управления и инновационные решения для бизнеса»
International Conference «Business Strategy: Management Paradigm Changes And Innovative Solutions for Business»
14-15.11.2013
http://Conference.SPKNEU.ORG
Un emprendedor es alguien que inicia un negocio o proyecto para beneficiar no solo a sí mismo sino también a su comunidad. Para tener éxito como emprendedor, una persona debe tener amplios conocimientos, actitud positiva y autonomía para tomar decisiones. Además, es importante comprender la economía del país y buscar continuamente mejorar, aprender y tener autoconfianza. El emprendimiento genera empleos e ingresos que mejoran el nivel de vida de una sociedad.
Este documento presenta la segunda edición del libro "Los cautiverios de las mujeres: madresposas, monjas, putas, presas y locas" de Marcela Lagarde y de los Ríos. En él, la autora agradece a las personas que hicieron posible la primera edición y comenta brevemente sobre algunas de las personas con las que interactuó durante el proceso de publicación de su libro. También expresa su gratitud hacia aquellos que la apoyaron en su tesis doctoral sobre el tema del género y la condición femenina.
This document describes A.I.L., an autonomous luggage product that allows for hands-free travel. It addresses the problem that millions of travelers struggle with lugging and maneuvering their luggage. A.I.L. uses sensors and cameras integrated with motion tracking software to follow the traveler automatically. This relieves strain on the body. The document outlines A.I.L.'s technical capabilities and development process. It also discusses plans to commercialize A.I.L. through online sales, retailers, licensing deals and global distribution networks to target the large luggage market.
This document discusses a study on determining severe acute malnutrition and managing children under 59 months in the Theni District of Tamil Nadu, India. The study analyzed 138 malnourished children between July 2012 and January 2013. It found high rates of malnutrition in female children and children cared for by mothers. Many common signs of malnutrition were observed including myopia, metropia, xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots, gum bleeding, and angular stomatitis. The study provided nutritional supplementation and found improvement in many symptoms over multiple visits from 1 to 3 months.
Financing Issues in Infrastructure, Projects ManagementGAURAV. H .TANDON
The document discusses the India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF) and its role in financing infrastructure projects. Key points:
- IIPDF was created by the Ministry of Finance with Rs. 100 crore to support development of bankable public-private partnership projects.
- It aims to increase quality and quantity of bankable projects by providing funding for project development costs like feasibility studies.
- An Empowered Institution oversees the fund and selects projects for funding. Sponsoring authorities can apply for funding up to 75% of development costs.
- Funding is disbursed in installments based on milestones. Successful projects must repay funding plus a fee while unsuccessful projects do not have to
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Infrastructure Fund Guidlines
1. Scheme
and
Guidelines
for
India Infrastructure Project Development
Fund
Department of Economic Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Government of India
2. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Contents
Preamble …. iii
Acronyms and definitions … vii
1. The IIPDF and its role … 1
i. Background of the IIPDF … 1
ii The purpose of the IIPDF … 1
iii. IIPDF funding sources …. 3
iv. The IIPDF’s organisational structure … 4
v. Disbursements by the IIPDF … 5
2. Operational management … 6
i. Funding from IIPDF … 6
ii. Evaluation Procedures and Timeframe … 8
iii. Monitoring … 11
iv. Recovery of Project Development Funding with Returns …. 11
v. Risk management … 12
Annexure A: Memorandum for Consideration … 13
Annexure B: MFC Application Form … 18
Annexure C: Table of Contents of the Preliminary Report
accompanying the MFC … 21
ii
3. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Preamble
With the Indian economy now recording a growth rate of over 8%, it is estimated that
Rs.20,01,776 crore ( at 2006-07 prices) or US $ 488 billion. would be required for investment in the
infrastructure sectors during the next 5 years. A significant share of this investment is expected from
the private sector. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) present the most suitable option of meeting
these targets, not only in attracting private capital in creation of infrastructure but also in enhancing
the standards of delivery of services through greater efficiency.
Government of India has introduced several innovative Schemes aimed at promoting PPPs.
Whereas to attract the private sector, commercially viable projects should be on offer and to
inculcate the discipline of ‘user pay principle’ and provision of these services should be based on
payment of tariff, Government must also fulfil its commitment towards inclusive growth which
makes it obligatory to fix the tariffs based on the capacity of the common man to pay. Due
diligence is also essential given the substantial contingent liability that could devolve on the State in
such projects.
While encouraging PPPs, six constraints have been identified:
(i) Policy and regulatory gaps, specially relating to specific sector policies and regulations;
(ii) Inadequate availability of long term finance (10 year plus tenor) – both equity and debt;
(iii) Inadequate capacity in public institutions and public officials to manage PPP processes;
(iv)Inadequate capacity in the private sector – both in the form of developer/investor and
technical manpower; and
(v) Inadequate shelf of bankable infrastructure projects that can be bid out to the private sector.
(vi) Inadequate advocacy to create greater acceptance of PPPs by the public.
iii
4. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
To address these constraints, several initiatives have been taken by Government of India to
create an enabling framework for PPPs by addressing issues relating to policy and regulatory
environment. Progressively more sectors have been opened to private and foreign investment, levy
of user charges is being promoted, regulatory institutions are being set up and strengthened, fiscal
incentives are given to infrastructure projects, standardised contractual documents including the
Model Concession Agreement are being notified, approval mechanism for PPPs in the Central
sector has been streamlined through setting up of PPPAC and a website exclusively devoted to PPPs
has been launched to serve as a virtual market place for PPP projects.
To address the financing needs of these projects, various steps have been taken like setting
up of India Infrastructure Finance Company and launching of a Scheme to meet Viability Gap
Funding (VGF) of PPP projects. Setting up of infrastructure funds are also being encouraged and
multilateral agencies such as Asian Development Bank have been permitted to raise Rupee bonds
and carry out currency swaps to provide long term debt to PPP projects.
To meet the capacity building requirements in the sector, with support from Technical
Assistance from World Bank and Asian Development Bank, necessary measures are being taken to
implement various Schemes like assisting the State Governments and Central Ministries in hiring
consultants through a panel of Transaction Advisers, preparation of a manual on PPPs to guide the
users and undertake training programmes for public officials. In addition, State Governments are
also being provided with technical assistance in the form of in-house PPP experts to manage the
process for project development.
The opportunities for private investment in infrastructure projects are immense. As the
reach of PPP increases across the sectors, the capacity of the private sector to manage these projects
over their entire life cycle of 20 to 30 years would also have to be enhanced. Government of India
now allows FDI in most infrastructure sectors to the extent of 100%. The time is ripe for the
foreign strategic investors to begin to taking greater interest in project development and
management activity in India.
iv
5. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
The overall response to promote PPPs as the preferred mode for the execution of
infrastructure projects, despite apparent benefits to the governments in the States and Central
Government departments, has not yielded satisfactory results.
Lack of credible projects on offer to private investors has been identified as one of the major
constraints in promoting PPPs. Therefore, a more aggressive approach is needed for preparing a
pipeline of credible, bankable projects that can be offered to the private sector through competitive
bidding process.
To speed up the process, a panel of consultants has been short listed, which would be
available to the Central Ministries and the State Governments. The panel has been created through
competitive bid and technical short listing. The sponsoring authority would be able to select any of
the consultants from this panel through a limited financial bid without having to go through the
lengthy and more complex technical bid for small and medium sized projects.
While quality advisory services are fundamental to procuring affordable, value-for-money
PPPs, the costs of procuring PPPs, and particularly the costs of transaction advisors, are significant.
For providing financial support for quality project development activities to the States and the
Central Ministries a corpus fund titled ‘India Infrastructure Project Development Fund’
(IIPDF), with initial contribution of Rs. 100 crore is being set up. Although it is envisaged as a
revolving fund and would get replenished by the reimbursement of ‘investment’ through success fee
earned from successfully bid projects, should there be a need, it can be supplemented in subsequent
years through budget support. The IIPDF would assist ordinarily up to 75% of the project
development expenses. The assistance from IIPDF would ordinarily be in the form of interest free
loan. On successful completion of the bidding process, the project development expenditure would
be recovered from the successful bidder.
v
6. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
The IIPDF’s primary objective would be to fund potential PPP projects’ project
development expenses including costs of engaging consultants and transaction advisor, thus
increasing the quality and quantity of successful PPPs and allowing informed decision making by
the Government based on good quality feasibility reports. The IIPDF will assist projects that closely
support the best practices in PPP project identification and preparation as set out in guidance to be
issued by the Department of Economic Affairs from time to time.
These Guidelines:
• provide an overview of the IIPDF and its role in promoting sustainable PPPs for provision
of infrastructure and related services by the public sector in the Indian context.
• discuss the operational and financial management of the IIPDF.
vi
7. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Acronyms and definitions
The following acronyms and definitions apply to this governance document:
DEA Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance,
Government of India
EI Empowered Institution as notified vide DEA’s Notification
No.2/10/2004-INF dated August 18, 2005
Eligible sectors Sectors that are eligible for Viability Gap Funding (VGF) under
the Government of India’s Scheme for Financial Support to
PPPs in Infrastructure.
GOI Government of India
IIPDF India Infrastructure Project Development Fund
Memorandum for Consideration The format in which information will be provided by the
(MFC) Sponsoring Authority while applying for assistance under
IIPDF.
Public Private Partnership Partnership between a public sector entity (Sponsoring
(PPP) authority) and a private sector entity (a legal entity in which 51%
or more of equity is with the private partner/s) for the creation
and/or management of infrastructure for public purpose for a
specified period of time (concession period) on commercial
terms and in which the private partner has been procured
through a transparent and open procurement system
Project A project in the any of the infrastructure sectors identified by
the Empowered Intuition for the purpose of this Scheme
Project Development Expenses The expenses incurred by the Sponsoring Authority in respect
of development of each Project as per the budget approved by
the Empowered Institution.
Sponsoring Authority(ies) Central Government Ministries/Departments, State
Governments, Municipal or Local Bodies, Public Sector
Undertakings or any other statutory authority (such as the Delhi
Development Authority)
vii
8. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Technical Close The stage of execution of concession agreement, between the
private sector developer and the Sponsoring Authority or its
agencies, subsequent to selection of the private sector developer
through a bidding process
Transaction Advisors Consultants hired through a transparent system of procurement
by the sponsoring authorities to assist them in designing the
project and/or providing technical, financial and legal input for
the project design, and providing advice for the management of
the process of procuring the private sector partner for the PPP
project. These include Transaction Advisers selected from the
panel of Transaction Advisers announced by DEA from time to
time.
VGF Viability gap funding under the Government of India’s Scheme
for Financial Support to PPPs in Infrastructure.
viii
9. 1. The IIPDF and its Role
i. Background of the IIPDF
1.1 The Union Finance Minister in the Budget Speech for 2007-08 announced in the
parliament the setting up of a Revolving Fund with a corpus Rs.100 crore to quicken the
process of project preparation. Accordingly the corpus fund titled “India Infrastructure
Project Development Fund” (IIPDF) has been created in Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India with an initial corpus of Rs. 100 crore
for supporting the development of credible and bankable Public Private Partnership
(PPP) projects that can be offered to the private sector. The IIPDF has been created with
initial budgetary outlay by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
ii The purpose of the IIPDF
1.2 The procurement costs of PPPs, and particularly the costs of transaction advisors,
are significant and often pose a burden on the budget of the Sponsoring Authority.
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) has identified the IIPDF as a mechanism
through which Sponsoring Authority will be able to source funding to cover a portion
of the PPP transaction costs, thereby reducing the impact of costs related to
procurement on their budgets. From the Government of India’s perspective, the IIPDF
must increase the quality and quantity of ‘bankable projects’ that are processed through
the Central or States’ project pipeline.
1.3 The IIPDF will be available to the Sponsoring Authorities for PPP projects for the
purpose of meeting the project development costs which may include the expenses
10. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
incurred by the Sponsoring Authority in respect of feasibility studies, environment
impact studies, financial structuring, legal reviews and development of project
documentation, including concession agreement, commercial assessment studies
(including traffic studies, demand assessment, capacity to pay assessment), grading of
projects etc. required for achieving Technical Close of such projects, on individual or
turnkey basis, but would not include expenses incurred by the Sponsoring Authority on
its own staff.
1.4 The IIPDF will be available to finance an appropriate portion of the cost of
consultants and transaction advisors on a PPP project where such consultants and
transaction advisors are appointed by the Sponsoring Authority either from amongst
the transaction advisers empanelled by Department of Economic Affairs or through a
transparent system of procurement under a contract for services.
1.5 To seek financial assistance from the IIPDF it would be necessary for the
Sponsoring Authority to create and empower a PPP Cell to not only undertake PPP
project development activities but also address larger policy and regulatory issues to
enlarge the number of PPP projects in Sponsoring Authorities’ shelf.
1.6 The IIPDF is not a source of grant funding for the Sponsoring Authorities. The
Fund will assist ordinarily upto 75% of the project development expenses to the
Sponsoring Authority. On successful completion of the bidding process, the project
development expenditure would be recovered from the successful bidder. However, in
case of failure of the bid, the assistance would not be recovered. The Sponsoring
Authority would be liable to refund the amount of assistance received, in case it does
2
11. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
not conclude the bidding process for some reason or does not contract out the project
after the bid process has been completed.
1.7 As commitment by the Sponsoring Authority to the procurement and ownership
of the project is an essential requirement for a project’s success, assistance under IIPDF
funding will require co-funding by the Sponsoring Authority generally to the extent of
25% of the total project development cost, which would include the cost of pre-
feasibility study to determine whether a project is amenable to PPP. The assistance
from the IIPDF would ordinarily be released after the share of the Sponsoring Authority
has been released. Only in exceptional circumstances, the Empowered Institution (EI)
may relax this condition of co-funding by the Sponsoring Authority. This has the
following implications. First, the Sponsoring Authorities will have to commit funding to
the feasibility study for preparing the Memorandum for Consideration (MFC). Second,
the IIPDF will not pre-empt the decision of the feasibility study on whether a PPP is
appropriate or not.
iii. IIPDF funding sources
1.8 The corpus of the IIPDF shall comprise of initial budgetary outlay of Rs. 100
crores by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. This would be supplemented,
should it become necessary, through budgetary support by the Ministry of Finance
from time to time.
1.9 As the IIPDF matures, funding from the multilateral and bilateral agencies could
become available. Other interested agency(ies), as approved by DEA, including the
bilateral agencies, will be permitted to join the IIPDF subjet to extant Government
3
12. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
instructions on the subject. Contributions from entities that may have a conflict of
interest in the decision making of the IIPDF shall not be approved. The minimum
amount of contribution from any such agency shall be Rs. 15 crores and the
contribution(s) shall be governed by the terms and conditions of these Guidelines. This
threshold limit can be reviewed by the EI from time to time, with the approval of the
Finance Minister. The financial management system will be set up to allow for specific
funding and reporting requirements of potential donors. Thus, donors agencies will
also be able to fund projects in specific sectors with financial management and
reporting that complies with the requirements of these Guidelines, with the prior
approval of the DEA. A representative of the donor agency may be invited as special
invitee to the meetings of the EI.
1.10 Within the validity of the IIPDF, the fund will include any or all accretions to the
IIPDF. If it is decided by the Government to close the IIPDF at any time in the future,
the balance on that date will be distributed among the Contributors in the same
proportion as the original contributions made by them.
iv. The IIPDF’s organisational structure
1.11 The IIPDF will be administered by the Empowered Institution. The composition of the
Empowered Institution will be as under:
a. Additional Secretary, DEA- Chairperson
b. Additional Secretary (Expenditure)
c. Representative of Planning Commission not below the rank of Joint Secretary
d. Joint Secretary in the line Ministry dealing with the subject
e. Joint Secretary, DEA – Member Secretary
4
13. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
This has been notified by DEA vide Notification No.2/10/2004-INF, dated August 18,
2005.
1.12 The Empowered Institution will:
• Select projects for which project development costs will be funded.
• Set the terms and conditions under which the funding will be provided and
recovered
• Set milestones for disbursing and recovering (where appropriate) the funding.
1.13 The Public Private Partnership Cell of the Department of Economic Affairs,
Government of India will provide support functions to the Empowered Institution to
examine the applications received for assistance under IIPDF.
1.14 In due course, as the IIPDF matures, a suitable autonomous legal structure could
be considered by the Government for the management of the IIPDF.
v. Disbursements by the IIPDF
1.15 Disbursements by the IIPDF will be made in instalments based on milestones
achieved. These milestones will be those set out in the MFC and approved by the EI.
5
14. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
2. Operational Management
3.
i. Funding from IIPDF
2.1 To seek project development funding from the IIPDF, the Sponsoring Authority
will apply to the PPP Cell in DEA through the Memorandum for Consideration
(Annexure-B). Funding by the IIPDF will be considered only if the following
requirements are met:
1. The funding is used on a single project, which is approved by the Empowered
Institution.
2. Funding is required for the payment of transaction advisors appointed by the
Sponsoring Authority, usually in a two-phase appointment: the first phase is the
preparation of the pre-feasibility study and its subsequent approval by the EI, and
the second phase is the procurement of the PPP in compliance with these
Guidelines.
3. The funding by IIPDF will be used for phase two funding of transaction advisors,
that is, after EI’s approval for the MFC, based on the pre-feasibility study, and where
the transaction advisors are paid according to fixed milestone deliverables.
4. In order to achieve the aforesaid objectives, PPP Cell will, inter alia, screen identified
proposals for conducting detailed feasibility studies. For this purpose, the
Sponsoring Authority shall prepare a MFC with respect to each such proposal. The
MFC would provide justification for undertaking detailed feasibility studies to be
taken up for financing out of the corpus of the Fund in the prescribed pro-forma.
6
15. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
5. The MFC shall contain the financial details of the project. Ordinarily, three types of
projects can be posed for funding under the IIPDF:
(i) Revenue Generating Commercial Projects (Concession/BOOT or its
variants/Lease contracts): A project FIRR of 20% or more on the private sector
investment should be demonstrated. If the FIRR is below 20% even with VGF of
up to 40% (maximum of 20% from VGF Scheme of GOI and 20% from the
Sponsoring Authority) then the Project shall not ordinarily be presented before
the EI.
(ii) Efficiency Enhancement / Cost Savings Projects (Management or Service
contracts or Engineering, Performance based O&M contracts): Where there is no
or low private sector investment, the financial savings/enhanced revenues
should ordinarily be able to recover payouts by government within eight to ten
years of completion of the project. Annuity based project would also be covered
under this category.
(iii)Non-revenue generating projects with high economic returns (e.g. Sewerage
System): In case of project undertaken in PPP formats based on Economic
Returns considerations, the project eligibility will be based on sector preferences
to be established by the EI and would be based on annuity payments by the
sponsoring authority.
6. The MFC shall further state the cost likely to be incurred, the duration over which
the same is to be incurred and how the same is perceived to be recovered by the
sponsoring authority.
7. Proposals that do not envisage VGF can also be submitted for funding.
7
16. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
8. Proposals for funding under these Guidelines would cover the entire gamut of PPP
projects, i.e. BOT (Toll), BOT (Annuity), long term management contracts etc. The
decision of the Empowered Institution about the eligibility of a project shall be final.
2.2 The IIPDF will provide financial assistance once an application by the
Sponsoring Authorities has been approved by the EI and conditions as precedent to
funding have been fulfilled.
ii. Evaluation Procedures and Timeframe
2.3 Applications received by 10th day of a month shall be considered and decided in
the meeting of the EI in the first week of the succeeding month.
2.4 The possible decisions are: unconditional funding approval, approval subject to
certain conditions or no funding (the conditions may also include confirmation of
project details before a commitment of funding, and an assessment of the affordability
and value-for-money implications of recovering procurement costs as a success fee from
the project).
2.5 An agreement including all funding conditions will be signed by the authorized
signatories from DEA and the Sponsoring Authority. The assistance from the IIPDF will
be released to the Sponsoring Authority in accordance with the signed funding agreement.
2.6 The evaluation of the application would be based on the following:
8
17. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
i) The Sponsoring Authority
• Does the Sponsoring Authority have available funds (on budget and from
donor sources) for use in project procurement and has the sponsoring
authority included project procurement in its budget?
• Has the sponsoring authority procured a PPP or similar project
(successfully or unsuccessfully) recently?
• Are the strategic goals of the Sponsoring Authority achieved by the
project (in other words, does the project result in creation of a ‘public
asset’)?
• Has the Sponsoring Authority made a counterpart funding commitment
to the project procurement and transaction advisor costs?
ii) The sector
• Is the proposed PPP in an eligible sector?
• Is the proposal fully in compliance with the definition of PPP?
• Is the project reflected in the Sponsoring Authorities planning framework?
• What is the history of PPP procurement of similar projects in the sector?
iii) The project
• Has the project been properly defined and ring fenced?
• Has the transaction advisor been selected in accordance with the
provisions of these Guidelines?
• Are the milestones for transaction advisor payment such that the project is
at risk of not reaching technical closure?
• Are the transaction advisor costs proportional to project value? (Sector
specific)
9
18. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
• What is the ability for the project to:
a Generate private sector capital investment?
b Generate system improvements in non capital investment projects?
c What are the service delivery outcomes and improvements on the
current outcomes expected from the project?
d What capacity and appetite is there in the private sector for it to
participate in the project?
e What is the project procurement history and does this reflect
adequate commitment to the project on the part of the sponsoring
authority?
iv) Funding
• Has a cash flow been submitted and verified by the PPP cell of the
sponsoring authority?
• Has the project profile been established and is likely to be accepted by all
the stakeholders?
2.7 In case the project has been graded by one of the recognized Credit Rating
Agencies, the evaluation would be taken as one of the tools of assessment.
2.8 In all cases, the decision to fund or not fund the project will be at the discretion
of the Empowered Institution.
10
19. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
iii Monitoring
2.9 The Sponsoring Authority shall be responsible for regular monitoring of the
project development and compliance with the milestones as approved by the
Empowered Institution.
iv. Recovery of Project Development Funding with Returns
2.10 Project development funding, ordinarily, will be an interest free financial
assistance to meet the project development expenses. This is expected to be recovered
from the successful private sector partner on award of the project. The Sponsoring
Authority will reimburse the IIPDF, the project development expenses along with a fee
up to 40% of the funding as provided below. The Sponsoring Authority must provide a
plan for the same.
(i) Revenue Generating Commercial Projects (Concession/BOOT or its
variants/Lease contracts): In case of revenue generating projects proposed to be
implemented through private sector investments, the MFC must include a plan
for recovery of the IIPDF amount with a success fee of 40%.
(ii) Efficiency Enhancement / Cost Savings Projects (Management or Service
contracts or Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contracts with
limited period performance based O&M contracts): Where there is no or low
private sector investment, the plan for recovery of project development expenses
will be with a success fee of 25% .
(iii) Non-revenue generating projects with high economic returns (e.g.
Sewerage System): In case of project undertaken in PPP formats based on
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20. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Economic Returns considerations, project development funding may be
considered merely as an interest free financial assistance to the project, to be
repaid without any success fee, by the government.
v. Risk management
2.11 In order to fulfil its mandate of the IIPDF, the selection of projects is the most important
risk mitigation measure. The IIPDF is not intended to recover all disbursed funds; in fact, a non-
recovery rate of 25 per cent of the funds disbursed is assumed. This allows the IIPDF to also
fund projects that are innovative either in terms of sector or service provided at national, state
or local level.
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21. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Annexure A
Memorandum for Consideration (MFC)
(Under Guidelines for IIPDF)
1. Introduction
The MFC is an application to be made by the Sponsoring Authority to seek
project development funding from the India Infrastructure Project Development
Fund set up by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance. The
information sought in the MFC and the rationale is given below. Annexure B
includes an Application Form to be completed for the MFC and Annexure C
provides a typical Table of Contents for the Preliminary Report to accompany the
MFC.
2. Project Proposal
The Sponsoring Authority, with the aid of the PPP Cell or otherwise, will
highlight the broad contours of the project and issues related to its
implementation framework in the proposed PPP option. The proposed project
development activities, budget and time lines will form a part of the report.
a Technical Information: The technical information will include the need
for the project, the components, their preliminary capacity/ sizing and block cost
estimates for investment sought through PPP options. In case of PPP options like
Service, Management or Lease Contracts, the investment required for
rehabilitation or efficiency improvement measures need to be stated, the absence
of which will hinder structuring performance based contracts.
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22. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
b. Environmental and Social Aspects: On one hand, the information must list
the applicable steps required to obtain environmental clearance under the
Environmental Rules and Regulations issued by competent aughority from
time to time. On other hand, the information should also bring out if there
are any environmental or social risks that can impact/delay/hinder the
project deliverables from considerations of efficient use of assets created
under a PPP framework. This should be addressed from an investment risk
perspective.
c. Financial Analysis: Financial analysis of the investment proposed for the
landed cost of the project (see definitions given in the guidelines, the project
cost to include cost of project development funding and returns thereon)
must highlight the sources of investment, drawdown period, the revenues
over the project contract period (due to tariffs for services and/or due to
savings arising out of efficiency gains) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) on
Economic/ Project/Equity IRR considerations. In case of non-revenue
generating projects, the Economic IRR must be mentioned.
d. Legal Aspects: This must bring out the provisions under the relevant
Acts/Rules that grant authority to the Sponsoring Agency for developing and
implementing the project under the proposed PPP option and the proposed
decision-making steps to award the PPP contract. The objective is to ensure
that the Sponsoring Authority by itself or through an identified Competent
Authority has the necessary authority to approve the proposed project
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23. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
development and implementation framework. In case of any need to amend
the legal framework, the same must be mentioned.
e. Risk Identification: A preliminary assessment of the project risks during
different phases of the project - development, construction and
implementation – must be summarized. This will form the basis for
structuring possible mitigation measures/ structures in detail during project
development, hence an indicative summary is considered adequate at the
preliminary stage. This is to ensure that the cost of capital/investment
sought from the private sector investor is minimal and based on informed
risk mitigation structures rather than perceived risks with mitigation
measures not mentioned.
f. Proposed PPP Implementation Structure: Typically, the intent of systematic
project development with funding support is to seek private sector
investment and management skills so that the Sponsoring Authority can
structure performance based service delivery, while allowing the private
sector to recover the investment with appropriate returns. In case of
greenfield projects, options such as Build, Own, Operate & Transfer (BOOT),
BOT and its variants or Concession or Lease Contracts are possible.
However, in case of existing projects, where significant rehabilitation or
replacement of assets is necessary for asset performance improvement,
Management or Service Contracts (that bring in private sector efficiency and
management skills with investment mostly by the public sector) may be the
first step toward establishing efficient asset base and operational systems for
the project assets for subsequently enabling larger investments through
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24. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
BOOT type contracts. Hence, the financiability of the proposed PPP option
must be highlighted.
g. Regulatory Aspects: The preliminary report accompanying the MFC must
mention the existing regulatory mechanism, as applicable, in case tariffs are
to be structured in the PPP options. In the absence of regulatory mechanism,
proposed steps for regulation by contract must be indicated.
h. Project Development Cycle: The information will include the proposed
project development activities and time lines starting from the appointment
of consultants and advisors culminating in the selection of the private sector
partner through a transparent and competitive procurement process. The
role of different government agencies, role of consultants and advisors should
be briefly included.
3. Budget for Project Development
The budget for project development should include an estimate of:
• Surveys and investigation expenses
• Consultant fees covering technical, environmental & social, legal, financial
studies and project documentation, as may be needed
• Fee for grading of projects, if any
• Transaction advisor fees
• Consultant fees covering risk assessment /identification
• Out of pocket expenses for procurement process documentation, advertising,
marketing road shows / investor meetings , etc.
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25. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
• It would not include expenses incurred by the Sponsoring Authority on its
own staff , etc.
4. Duration of Funding and Drawdown Requirements
An indicative quarterly budget with milestone-linked payments for each project
activity should be indicated.
5. Plan for Recovery of Project Development Funding with Returns should be
indicated.
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26. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Annexure B
MFC Application Form
Nature of Assistance Project Development Funding for Rs. ______
Is Viability Gap Fund (VGF) also sought separately?
Yes/No
Project Name :
Sector :
Sponsoring Authority :
Location/ :
(State/District/Town)
Implementing agency (if :
different from above as in
case of SPV))
Need for the Project :
Brief Project Description :
PPP structure for Project : BOOT/BOT (its variants)/Concession /Lease
Implementation Management/Service/EPC alongwith Performance
based O&M Contract
Project Implementation : List key milestones
Milestones
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27. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Likely impact(s) of the
project:
Project Financial Structure : A) Details of Project Cost
Item Rs. Lakhs
Land
Building
Equipments
Any other (Specify)
Total Project Cost
B) Proposed means of financing
Source Rs. lakhs
Private Sector
State Government
Sponsoring Authority
Govt. of India (VGF)
Any Other (Specify)
Total
IRR Estimations (as : Economic IRR
applicable) Project IRR
Equity IRR
Estimated Project
Development Expenses Item Rs. lakhs
Surveys and Investigations
Consultancy fees:
Technical
Environmental & Social
Legal
Financial
Any other
Total Consultancy Fees
Transaction Advisory Fees
Marketing and Procurement
Related Expenses
Any other
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28. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Total Estimated Project
Development Expenses
IIPDF contribution @75%
Enclosures :
Signatures and Name
of the Authorised signatory of the
Sponsoring Authority
Date:
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29. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
Annexure C
Table of Contents of the Preliminary Report accompanying the MFC
1. Introduction
2. Existing Project Scenario (including need for rehabilitation, upgradation,
improvement and/or incremental investments – to bring out the need of the
project)
3. Project Proposal (covering broad project concept and components, block cost
estimates, revenue structures etc.) (See Annexure A)
4. Preliminary Project Assessment
4.1 Technical Feasibility
4.2 Environment and Social acceptability
4.3 Financial & Commercial viability
4.4 Legal framework
4.5 Risks (during development, construction and
operation/implementation)
4.6 Contractual & Implementation structures.
5. Project Development Activities
5.1 Project development cycle
5.2 Time lines
5.3 Surveys and investigations
5.4 Technical / Environmental & Social / Financial / Legal
consultants, their scope of work
5.5 Transaction Advisors, their scope of work
5.6 Marketing
5.7 Procurement process
5.8 Others (Please specify)
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30. India Infrastructure Project Development Fund (IIPDF)
6. Funding Requirements for Project Development
6.1 Budget for Project Development expenses
6.2 Drawdown (indicative quarterly budget and estimated
milestone linked payment for each activity)
7. Plan for Recovery of Project Development Funding with Returns
8. Recommendations
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