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末安 慶大
株式会社みんなのウェディング
NN論文を肴に酒を飲む会 #3
@Googleオフィス
2017.07.12
自己紹介
名前
経歴
末安慶大 (すえやす けいた)
@playgroundxxxx
田舎の高専 ( 2010 ~ 2015 )
専攻科 ( 2015 ~ 2017 )
みんなのウェディング ( 2017.04 ~ )
趣味勢
紹介する論文
ざっくり言うと
画像に関する質問応答で、
NNを機能ごとにモジュールに分けて
モジュールの組み合わせ方と答えの
推論を同時に学習する
問題設定
Q: Are there an equal number of large things and metal spheres?
Q: What size is the cylinder that is left of the brown metal thing that is left ofthe big sphere?
Q: There is a sphere with the same size as the metal cube; is it made of the same material as the small red sphere?
Q: How many objects are either small cylinders or red things?
問題設定
a
yes
Are there an equal number of
large things and metal spheres?
x
q
NN
a
yes
Execution
Engine
Program
Generator
Are there an equal number of
large things and metal spheres?
x
q
NN
NN
手法
a
yes
Execution
Engine
Program
Generator
Are there an equal number of
large things and metal spheres?
x
q
Program Generator
Program
GeneratorAre there more cubes
then yellow things?
q
sequence to sequence model
z
program
π
z = π ( q )
クエリを受け取ってprogramを出力するProgram Generator
How many cylinders are in front of the tiny
thing and on the left side of the green object?
クエリを関数の組み合わせで表現したものProgram
Program
こ
こ
は
?
Program
<SCENE>
<SCENE>
Program
<SCENE>
<SCENE>
ポーランド記法的に表現
Count FilterShape ‘cylinder’ And Relate ‘left’ Unique FilterColor ‘green’ <SCENE>
Relate ‘in front’ Unique FilterColor ‘small’ <SCENE>
Program
Are
there
more
cubes
than
yellow
things
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
GreaterThen
Count
FilterColor
‘yellow’
<SCENE>
Count
FilterShape
‘cube’
<SCENE>
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
LSTM
q z
Program Generator
a
yes
Execution
Engine
Program
Generator
Are there an equal number of
large things and metal spheres?
x
q
Execution Engine
Execution
Engine
z
Neural Module Network
φ
a = φ ( x, z )
GreaterThen Count FilterColor
‘yellow’ <SCENE> Count FilterShape
‘cube’ <SCENE>
x
a
yes
CNN
画像とprogramを受け取って答えを出力するExecution Engine
それぞれが小さいNNに対応Neural Module Network (NMN)
モチベーション
End-to-Endだと、そのタスクにしか
使えないよね?
Neural Module Zooみたいなの作ったら
すごくよくないですか!?
私的な意見
モジュールに分けてタスクに合わせて
組み合わせたらいいじゃん
アイデア
Neural Module Network (NMN)
入力1つ
入力2つ
それぞれが小さいNNに対応
Execution Engine
CNN Classifier
Distribution over answer
yes no
実験
1. Program 教師あり + 教師なし
2. モジュールの出力可視化
3. 異なる特性の質問間の汎化具合
4. 異なるタイプの質問間の汎化具合
5. 未知語を含んだ質問の場合の精度
実験
1. Program 教師あり + 教師なし
全体の3%くらいの教師データで、フルで教師あり学習した場合と
ほぼ同等の精度がでている
実験
2. モジュールの出力可視化
各モジュールに専用の教師データを与えなくても、それぞれの役割
について学習できている
実験
3. 異なる特性の質問間の汎化具合
Cubes
Condition A
gray, blue, brown, or yellow
Cylinders red, green, purple, cyan
Condition B
red, green, purple, cyan
gray, blue, brown, or yellow
ファインチューニング後
は、オブジェクトに関して
汎化できている
実験
4. 異なるタイプの質問間の汎化具合
実験1で、少ない教師データで良い結果が出たとはいえ、
人工的な質問文のため、少量のデータで大部分の文の
構造をカバーできるため、未知の構造について汎化でき
ているとはいえない
平均の単語数16以下とそれ以外の質問セットで、それぞれ
Short, Longとして、Shortのみ教師ありで学習させた結果
実験
5. 未知語を含んだ質問の場合の精度
割と厳しそう…
実験
5. 未知語を含んだ質問の場合の精度
↑ 「box」を「cube」と解釈できている
まとめ
seq2seqとneural module networksを組み合わせることに
よって、質問を表現するモジュールの組み合わせと各モ
ジュールの与えられた役割として正しい出力を同時に学
習させることができている。
ICLRでも、強化学習の問題で必要なSkillの習得とその
Skillの組み合わせ方を別々に学習させる論文があった
Deep Learning、初期はEnd-to-endが売りだった気がす
るが、最近は意味的に分割するのが流行ってきている?
所感
終
ベースライン
LSTM
CNN + LSTM
CNN + LSTM + SA
CNN + LSTM + SA + MLP
クエリのみを考慮
CNNとLSTMの出力を結合して全結合を通して出力
上のやつにStacked Attentionというやつをかける
上のやつの全結合を多層パーセプトロンにしたやつ
データセット詳細

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Inferring and executing programs for visual reasoning