Industrial relations involves the relationship between employees and management, including interactions mediated by unions, employers, and the government. It encompasses collective bargaining, dispute resolution, worker participation, and regulation of unfair labor practices. Strong industrial relations are important for sustained production and worker satisfaction through high morale and reduced conflict. Trade unions also play an important role by representing workers, negotiating on their behalf, and providing economic security. Collective bargaining is a key process that establishes employment conditions through joint negotiation between company and union representatives.

1. Industrial Relations

2. Industrial Relations
 Industrial relations explains the relationship
between employees and management which stem
directly or indirectly from union-employer
relationship.
Industrial relations are the relationships between
employees and employers within the organizational
settings.
 Industrial relations are basically the interactions
between employers, employees and the
government, and the institutions and associations
through which such interactions are mediated

3. Industrial Relations

4. SCOPE of IR
 Collective bargaining
 Machinery for settlement of
industrial disputes
 Standing orders
 Workers participation in
management
 Unfair labor practices

5. Importance Of Industrial
Relations
 Uninterrupted production
 Reduction in Industrial Disputes
 High morale
 Mental Revolution
 Reduced Wastage

6. Trade Unions
 Trade unions are formed to protect
and promote the interests of their
members. Their primary function is
to protect the interests of workers
against discrimination and unfair
labour practices

7. Objectives Of Trade Unions
 Representation
 Negotiation
 Voice in decisions affecting workers
 Provision for Social and Economic
security
 Industrial Democracy
 Industrial Discipline
 Harmonious IR

8. Reasons For Joining Trade
Unions
 Greater Bargaining Power
 Minimize Discrimination
 Sense of Security
 Sense of Participation
 Sense of Belongingness
 Platform for self expression
 Betterment of relationships

9. Central Trade Union Organizations in
India
 All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
 Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
 Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)
 Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)
 Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
 United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and
 United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani (UTUC
- LS)

10. LIMITATIONS IN TUism
 Militant Attitude
 Adversarial Relations
 Multiplicity
 Politicisation
 Outside Leadership
 Lack of Resources
 Lack of Credibility of TU Leaders
 Infighting
 No clear recognition process

11. Measures For Improving Industrial
Relations
 Strong and Stable Union
 Mutual Trust
 Workers’ Participation in Management
 Mutual Accommodation
 Sincere Implementation of Agreements
 Sound Personnel Policies
 Progressive Outlook(Industry, TU &Government)

12. Collective Bargaining
 Collective bargaining is process of joint decision
making and basically represents a democratic
way of life in industry.
 It is the process of negotiation between firm’s
and workers’ representatives for the purpose of
establishing mutually agreeable conditions of
employment.
 It is a technique adopted by two parties to reach
an understanding acceptable to both through the
process of discussion and negotiation

13. Collective bargaining
 Collective process in which representatives of
both the management and employees participate.
 Continuous process which aims at establishing
stable relationships between the parties involved.
 Not only involves the bargaining agreement, but
also
involves the implementation of such an
agreement.
 Attempts in achieving discipline in the industry
 Flexible approach, as the parties involved have to
adopt
a flexible attitude towards negotiations.

14. Characteristics Of Collective Bargaining
 Group process
 Negotiations form an important
aspect
 Formalized process
 Bipartite, complementary &
continuous process
 Political activity

15. Collective Bargaining Process
 Prepare: involves composition of a
negotiation team
 Discuss: parties decide the ground rules
that will guide the negotiations
 Propose: involves the initial opening
statements and the possible options that
exist to resolve them.
 Bargain: negotiations are easy if a problem
solving attitude is adopted
 Settlement

16. Collective Bargaining
Process

17. Importance to employees
 Increases the strength of the workforce, thereby,
increasing their bargaining capacity as a group.
 Collective bargaining increases the morale and
productivity of employees.
 It restricts management’s freedom for arbitrary action
against the employees.
 Effective collective bargaining machinery strengthens
the trade unions movement.
 The workers feel motivated as they can approach the
management on various matters and bargain for higher
benefits.
 It helps in securing a prompt and fair settlement of
grievances. It provides a flexible means for the
adjustment of wages and employment conditions to
economic and technological changes in the industry, as
a result of which the chances for conflicts are reduced.

18. Importance to employers
 Easier for the management to resolve issues at the
bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of
individual workers.
 Collective bargaining tends to promote a sense of
job security among employees and thereby tends
to reduce the cost of labor turnover to
management.
 Collective bargaining opens up the channel of
communication between the workers and the
management and increases worker participation in
decision making.
 Collective bargaining plays a vital role in settling
and preventing industrial disputes.

19. Importance to society
 Collective bargaining leads to industrial peace in
the country
 Results in establishment of a harmonious
industrial climate
 The discrimination and exploitation of workers is
constantly being checked.
 Provides a method or the regulation of the
conditions of employment of those who are directly
concerned about them.

20. Thank You