The President of India is elected through a unique electoral process that combines direct and indirect voting by an electoral college consisting of elected members of parliament and state legislative assemblies, using a single transferable vote system. The most recent presidential election in July 2022 saw Droupadi Murmu winning with 64.03% of the votes, while the constitutional framework governing this process is outlined in Articles 52 to 62 of the Indian Constitution. The President serves as the ceremonial head of state, holding significant executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and diplomatic powers as defined by the constitution.

1. HOW THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA IS ELECTED? EXPLAIN WITH RECENT
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION STATISTICS ALONGWITH CODING
CONSTITUIONAL REFERENCES AND ALSO EXPLAIN THE POWERS AND
AUTHORITIES OF INDIAN PRESIDENT UNDER CONSTITUION?
I. Election Process
The President of India is elected through a unique process that combines both direct and indirect
voting, ensuring representation from both the Union and state legislatures.
A. Electoral College
1. Composition: The President is elected by an Electoral College consisting of:
o Elected Members of Parliament: All the elected members of both Houses of
Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).
o Elected Members of Legislative Assemblies: All the elected members of the
Legislative Assemblies of the States and Union territories with a Legislative
Assembly.
2. Voting System:
o The election is conducted using a single transferable vote system, which is a
form of proportional representation. This means that voters rank candidates in
order of preference.
o Each voter casts their vote by marking a ballot paper, indicating their first,
second, and subsequent preferences.
B. Value of Votes
1. Calculation:
o The value of votes for Members of Parliament (MPs) is determined by dividing
the total population of the country by the number of elected MPs, adjusted to
ensure that the total value of the votes of MPs equals the total value of votes of
the elected members of state legislative assemblies.
o The formula used is:
Value of MP’s Vote = Total Population / Total Elected Members of Lok Sabha +
Total Elected Members of Rajya SabhA+
2. State Assemblies:
o The value of votes for each elected member of the Legislative Assembly is
calculated as:
Value of MLA’s Vote=Total Population of the StateTotal Elected Members of the
State AssemblyValue of MLA's Vote} = frac{text{Total Population of the
State}}{text{Total Elected Members of the State
Assembly}}Value of MLA’s Vote=Total Elected Members of the State Assembly
Total Population of the State

2. II. Recent Presidential Election Statistics
The most recent presidential election in India took place in July 2022. Here are the relevant
statistics:
1. Candidates:
o Droupadi Murmu (NDA candidate)
o Yashwant Sinha (Opposition candidate)
2. Results:
o Droupadi Murmu won with a total of 64.03% of the votes.
o She received 2,926 votes with a total value of approximately 6,76,803.
o Yashwant Sinha received about 36.93% of the votes.
3. Electoral College Voting:
o The election witnessed participation from around 99% of the Electoral College.
III. Constitutional References
The election of the President of India is governed by Article 52 to Article 62 of the Constitution
of India. Here are some key articles:
 Article 52: States that there shall be a President of India.
 Article 53: The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall
be exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him.
 Article 54: Provides for the election of the President by the Electoral College.
 Article 55: Deals with the manner of election of the President, ensuring a proportional
representation system.
 Article 62: Specifies the procedure for the election of a President in case of a vacancy.
IV. Powers and Authorities of the Indian President
The President of India serves as the ceremonial head of state and the highest constitutional
authority in the country. The powers and functions of the President can be classified into various
categories:
A. Executive Powers
1. Appointment Powers:
o Appoints the Prime Minister and, on their advice, other ministers.
o Appoints Governors of states, the Attorney General, the Comptroller and Auditor
General, and other key officials.
2. Administrative Powers:
o All executive actions of the Government of India are taken in the name of the
President.
B. Legislative Powers

3. 1. Summoning and Proroguing Sessions:
o The President can summon and prorogue the Parliament sessions.
2. Addressing Parliament:
o Delivers the inaugural address at the beginning of the first session after each
general election and the first session of each year.
3. Assent to Bills:
o The President's assent is required for a bill to become law. They can return a bill
for reconsideration (except money bills).
4. Ordinance-making Power:
o Can promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session, which have the
same force as laws.
C. Financial Powers
1. Budget Presentation:
o The Union Budget is presented in Parliament in the name of the President.
2. Money Bills:
o Money bills can only be introduced in Parliament with the President's
recommendation.
D. Judicial Powers
1. Appointment of Judges:
o Appoints the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and High
Courts.
2. Granting Pardons:
o Has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment
under Article 72 of the Constitution.
E. Diplomatic Powers
1. International Relations:
o Represents India in international forums and affairs.
o Appoints ambassadors and high commissioners to other countries.
V. Conclusion
The President of India, while primarily a ceremonial figure, holds substantial powers and
responsibilities defined by the Constitution. The election process reflects the democratic ethos of
the nation, ensuring that the President is elected by a representative body. Understanding the
intricacies of this process and the powers vested in the President provides insight into the
functioning of India's parliamentary democracy and the role of the highest constitutional
authority in shaping the nation’s governance.