The document discusses frugal engineering, or 'jugaad', a philosophy aimed at achieving more with fewer resources, inspired by Gandhian principles. It outlines the importance of creativity, common sense, and questioning traditional methods to foster innovation, with examples including the Helios solar-powered vehicle and Google's unique search algorithm. Additionally, it highlights obstacles to creativity and presents successful case studies of frugal innovations in various sectors.

1. Indian Juggad Technology
(FRUGAL ENGINEERING)
Achieving more with Fewer Resources
S.J.A. Rizvi
Assistant Professor
Department of Petroleum Studies
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
javedrizvi1976@gmail.com

3. What is Frugal Engineering?
The term "Frugal engineering"
introduced by Carlos , the joint
chief of Renault and Nissan.
He said , "frugal engineering is
achieving more with fewer
resources."

4. Engineering
Frugal is an engineering philosophy
Stream Philosophy

5. Gandhian
Engineering
Philosophies of Gandhian engineering;
-Ahinsa
-Swadeshi
- Acting in a selfless, compassionate, but
unconventional manner to create a better
world for all, not just a few.
Judggad
Engineering
“I would prize every invention of science made for the benefit
of all.”
—Mahatma Gandhi
Derived from Sanskrit word
YUKTI  JUGGAT  JUGGAD
Juggad term is applied to a creative or
innovative idea providing a quick, alternative
way of solving or fixing a problem.

6. Juggad Engineering: In its crude form

7. Juggad Engineering: In its Refined form
Somaiya College st
udents have
designed a vehicle
they claim can run
300 kmpl.

8. What is Essential for Frugal
Engineering?
1. Common Sense
2. Common Sense
3. Common Sense

9. Thanks to Almighty
Unique to Humans
1. Humour
2. Appreciation of beauty
3. Awareness of death
4. Understanding time
5. Meaning of life
6. Desire for worship
7. Creativity
Use your brain

10. What % of brain do most of
intelligent humans use?
Answer is 0.67 – 1.5%.
Einstein was the only person who
could use his 2.28% of brain.
if we are able to use even 4% ;
- Faster than supercomputers.
-Can predict the future.
-And now about our previous life
which is stored in the subconscious
part of our mind.
Source : http://wiki.answers.com

12. Practicing Frugal Engineering
The Philosophy
It Is Easier To Want
What You Get,
Than To Get What
You want.

13. 1. Accept that you can be creative
2. Question traditional assumptions
3. Expand your problem-solving styles
4. Employ creativity techniques
5. Practice thinking in new ways
6. Search for Alternate

14. Explore Your Surrounding
Scan Your Mind for any better Alternate use
Learn from a child
They are BIGGEST EXPLORER

15. The frugal way

16. Challenge the Obvious
Re-examine the traditional approach
Helios was a prototype high-altitude, long-duration unmanned solar-powered aerial vehicle. In 2001, Helios
reached an altitude of 96,863 feet, breaking an official world record altitude for a non-rocket-powered
aircraft.

17. Believe in yourself,
Keep patience

18. Don't get emotionally
attached to your
innovation,
One day you or
somebody else will
change it.

19. Every act of
creation is
first of all,
An act of
destruction
Pablo Picasso

20. Analysis Paralysis
Action without Vision
Avoid

21. Theory vs. Practice
In theory, there is no difference
between theory
and practice.
But in practice there is.

22. Perfection vs. Optimization
Tank Battle : World War-II
German TIGER tank vs Russian T-34
Counts=5,000
Counts=2,500
Germans Tanks were
highly precise in hitting
their targets .
But
Production with very
tight tolerance limit
slow down the
production of tank
during II-WW
Russian T-34 were not
that accurate . Close
machining tolerances
were maintained only
where it was a must.
Therefore
Russian were able to
deploy the double
strength of tanks.
In the first day 60 Tiger and 328
Russian T-34 were lost. Tiger
emerged as better tank BUT Germans
lost the battle.

23. Obstacles to Workplace Creativity
1. Internal politics
2. Harsh criticism of new ideas
3. Destructive internal
competition
4. Avoidance of risk and
overemphasis on the status
quo.
5. Extreme Work timing
6. Unrealistic expectations
7. Distractions

24. Frugal Innovations
Six Sigma Certified Dibbawalla of Mumbai
Collection Transportation Distribution
Coding Supply Chain
•Started in : 1880
•Avg. Literacy : 8th std.
•Total Employee: 5000
•Coverage = 60 kms
•Number of Tiffin’s : 2,00,000
•Error rate = 1 in 16 Millions
•6 sigma performance:
99.99%
•Cost of Service : Rs.300/ pm
•Recipient of : ISO 9001-2000
•World record in Best Time
Management.
•Name in Guinness Book of
World Record.
•Stood high along with MNC’s
like GE, Motorola etc.

25. Frugal Innovations
Google Incorporation: Income from Advertisements
Larry Page and Sergey Brin
•Google began in January 1996, by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, PhD
students at Stanford University.
•Google search engine was different from conventional search engines
because it was based on relevance and importance of page to user
rather than counting how many times the search terms appeared on the
page.
•Because of this new search approach , “PageRank Algorithm”, results
were much refined and related to user. Very soon Google was favourite
search engine world wide.
•But still earning revenue was a million dollar question for Google Team.
• They decided to incorporate user related advertisement along with
search results.
•Now Google is officially bigger than Microsoft Inc according to
NASDAQ.

26. Some of my work

27. Tester for Electricians
Advantages;
1. Extremely simple
2. Low cost
3. Easy to carry
4. Reliable result
Drawbacks;
1. Difficulty in continuity testing.

28. Alternate design
Additional
1. Two pin Plug (male/female assembly)

29. Parallel Testing

30. Continuity Testing

31. Servo motor Torque Estimation
Calculation Result = 18 N.m
Servo motor Cost = 2.5 lakhs

32. Torque Estimation: The Frugal way
Calculation Result = 9.1 N.m
Servo motor Cost = 1.45 lakhs

33. It is working perfectly

34. Microcellular Compression Moulding Machine
from Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

35. Results of Microcellular Compression
Moulding Machine
SEM Micrographs

36. Conversion of Microcellular Injection
Moulding Machine in a Capillary Remoter
Microcellular Injection Moulding Machine Capillary Rheometer

37. Rheology of Polymer/ gas Solution
Development of Injection Molding Rheometer (IMR)
Basic Assumption

38. Equations

39. Calibration of Injection Molding
Rheometer
Viscometric Plots for Polystyrene at 220°C.
y = 5E-10x3
- 4E-06x2
+ 0.0104x + 3.078
R2
= 0.9988
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0
Shear rate (per sec)
Viscosity
ratio
cos _ IMR
CR
Vis ity ratio




40. y = 5E-10x3
- 4E-06x2
+ 0.0104x + 3.078
R2
= 0.9988
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0
Shear rate (per sec)
Viscosity
ratio

41. Viscosity Model for polystyrene/ N2 Solution at 220°C
Truncated
Power
Law
Model
Bird-Carreau
Model
n1
n2

42. Supercritical gas Injector

43. Complete Setup

44. Disadvantage of Sintered Metal Injector
N2 @ 200bar, RT
Plastic Melt at 50
bar, 250 °C
Metallic Barrel
Sintered Metal
Restrictor
(Mott Corp)
Pore size < 20 micron
Gas Injector
Melt Pressure
Gas Pressure
Sintered Metal SCF injector gets
Chocked with plastic melt .
It causes complete blockage of
SCF delivery port.

45. The Frugal Engineering Approach

46. SCF Injector Assembly

48. • NASA command came out with
extraordinary solution to construct
a new CO2 absorber out of;
• Plastic Bag, a hose, cardboard and
Tape etc.
320,000 kilometres (200,000 miles) from home .......
...... and we need a CO2 absorber!
It Is Easier To Want What You Get, Than To Get What You
want.
Frugal Engineering in Space

49. About Author
• SJA Rizvi is assistant professor in the department of
Petroleum Studies at AMU – Aligarh.
• He is Polymer Technologist/ Material Engineer by
Profession. He has completed B.Tech. From HBTI
Kanpur and M.Tech. , Ph.D. (ongoing) from IIT-Delhi.
• He is compiler of “A glimpse of Indian Jugaad
Technology”. He is practicing Jugaad Technologist or
Frugal Engineer.
• Many of his Jugaad innovations have surprised the
world on the front of cost saving.
• He is an industrial consultant on Frugal Engineering.
• He has presented key note talk on Frugal Engineering
in many reputed organizations such as Steel Authority
of India Ltd. Rourkela Steel Plant, National Institute of
Technology, RLK.
• Presently involved with many Jugaad innovation for
common people.
Visit his Home Page
Visit his Laboratory Home Page

50. Jai Hind
Thank you Very Much
javedrizvi1976@gmail.com