Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's words on the eve of Indian independence symbolized hope and triumph for the newly free nation. India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after over two centuries of struggle. Men and women from across India fought unselfishly for this goal of a free and autonomous India, not for any particular region or group. Today, Independence Day celebrations pay respect to the sacrifices of these freedom fighters and remind Indians to sustain the integrated vision of the founders of their free nation.

1. Independence Day
On this Special Day I would like to recollect the words of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on the eve of
India's Independence.
"Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we will redeem our
pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. A moment comes, which comes but
rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends and when the soul of
a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance .... We end today a period of ill fortune, and India discovers
herself again."
Did we really discover our soul? I think its Yes but not a substantial one. This is the day, to relook
ourselves, where we are today, where we were and where we shall be.
We had many challenges on the eve of...show more content...
A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new,
when an age ends and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance .... We end today a
period of ill fortune, and India discovers herself again."
On the eve of India's independence, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru marked the beginning of a free India
with these words symbolizing hope and triumph
India got its independence from the clutches of British rule on 15th August 1947.
The Independence Day of India is a moment of delight and grandeur but to achieve it the nation had
to put up a long battle for over two centuries against the British Empire.
Men and women from all over India joined hands and fought for India's freedom. Many were
acclaimed while others contribution went unnoticed. However, praise wasn't what they desired for. It
was the dream of free and autonomous India which motivated them to walk the path of struggle
unselfishly. Neither did they battle for their region nor for their natives, but for India and Indians.
At the time of growing communal and caste conflicts, it becomes significant to remind us that the
people who laid the foundation of free India has always dreamt of an integrated nation. Hence, it is
our duty to live and sustain their dreams, the sole reason for which Independence Day in India is
observed.
It is a day to pay a mark of respect to our saviors because of whom we are breathing an air of
freedom which does

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3. Independence Day
INDEPENDENCE DAY
"At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A
moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new...India
discovers herself again."
– Jawaharlal Nehru
(on Indian Independence Day, 1947)
"Every year, we celebrate our Independence Day with great fervour as well as joy and justifiably
so, as it commemorates that day, when after many years of subjugation, our country gained its
freedom. Indeed, in the annals of history, 15th of August 1947 will always be remembered as a day
of an extraordinary accomplishment, of when India won its freedom with unparalleled fortitude and
unique means. Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, our...show more content...
Independence Day of India is celebrated on Fifteenth of August to commemorate its independence
from British rule and its birth as a sovereign nation in 1947.[1] The day is a national holiday in
India. All over the country, flag–hoisting ceremonies are conducted by the local administration in
attendance. The main event takes place in New Delhi, the capital city of India, where the Prime
Minister hoists the national flag at the Red Fort and delivers a nationally televised speech from its
ramparts. In his speech, he highlights the achievements of his government during the past year,
raises important issues and gives a call for further development. The Prime Minister also pays his
tribute to leaders of the freedom struggle. The Prime Minister also declares holiday on 15 August.
The Prime Minister of India hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the historical site, Red Fort ,
Delhi, on August 15. This is telecasted live on the National Channel Doordarshan and many other
News Channels all over India. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural programs take place in all the
state capitals. In the cities around the country the national flag is hoisted by politicians in their
constituencies. In various private organisations the flag hoisting is carried out by a senior official of
that organisation. All over the country, flags are given out to citizens who wear them proudly to
show their patriotism towards India. Schools and colleges
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4. Language Policy in India Essay
McGill
Poli 322 Final Paper
A Game Theoretic Explanation of Indian Language Policy Outcome
"India has been a crucible for the drama of language conflict" (Laitin, 415).
Exploring language policy in India is both a complex and interesting task. Contrary to other empires
that went through state consolidation, it is clear that India is quite the linguistic mosaic (Laitin, 415).
Not only is there no single language for official exchange, but citizens of India have developed
complex language repertoires in order to interact with servants, family, merchants, colleagues and
officials. Language needs are so onerous that many parents with sufficient resources seek to equip
their children with different repertoires in order to hedge their...show more content...
In comparison to the European state–building that had occurred which involved "conflicts among
cultural groups for supremacy", the Indian empire was characterized by "cultural syncretism that
included a doctrine of non–antagonistic strata whose laws and customs preceded the state and were
protected by the good King" (Laitin, 421). To combat this explanation it is important to look at the
fact that rationalization of language is both a European and an Asian phenomenon. This can be seen
through the examples of Japan, Thailand and China (Zamen, 1984). Further, "the attempts by
Congress elites to bring about an all Hindi–speaking Union, and the attempt by State governments
within India to bring about language rationalization within state boundaries" makes it apparent that
the positive impacts of language rationalization for Congress in India were looked at in the same
way as other state builders in other states worldwide (Laitin, 421). Moreover, those who see logically
the existence of language rationalization are often opponents of Hindi. This can be seen through
many Indians who actually stress that there are advantages to having English as the language of
common administration. Another significant impact can be seen in states such as
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5. Sri Lanka Post Independence Essay
During the first decade after independence in 1948, Sri Lanka (commonly called Ceylon until 1972)
continued as an open trading nation with only relatively minor trade and exchange rate restrictions.
From the late 1950s, a combination of the influence of the state of development thinking at the time,
change in political leadership and balance of payments difficulties led to the adoption of a state–led
import substitution development strategy. By the mid–1970s the Sri Lankan economy was one of
the most inward–oriented and regulated outside the communist bloc, characterized by stringent trade
and exchange controls and pervasive state interventions in all areas of economic activity.2
At the time of independence Sri Lanka was regarded by many...show more content...
Sri Lanka was the first country in South Asia to undergo such policy transition (Panagariya 2002).
The first round of reforms carried out during 1977–79 included a significant trade reform:
supplanting quantitative restrictions on imports with tariffs and revising the tariff structure to
achieve greater uniformity; lifting of price controls on domestic trade; opening up the economy to
foreign direct investment (FDI), with new incentives for export–oriented foreign investment under
an attractive Free Trade Zone (FTZ) scheme; the unification of the exchange rate followed by a sharp
devaluation; financial reform: adjusting interest rates to levels above the rate of inflation, opening
the banking sector to foreign banks and freeing credit markets to determine interest rates; and the
abolition of state enterprise monopolies over the imports of a number of key commodities and the
introduction of limits on public sector participation in the economy.
The reform process lost momentum in the early 1980s, first because of an unfortunate shift in policy
priorities towards politically appealing glamour investment projects, and subsequently owing to the
onset of the ethnic conflict in 1983 between Sinhalese–dominated Government of Sri Lanka and the
Tamil militants.3
3For discussions on the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka see Rotberg (1998) and Richardson (2005).
Abeyratne (2004) provides a penetrating analysis of how lack–lustre economic
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