ABSTRACT Introduction: Radiographers areHealthcare Professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment. Radiographers work in standing position, bending posture, lifting the patient, set object well on film. Radiographers work postures often creates a musculoskeletal disorders at arms, back and legs. Besides poor design tools, the physical environment can add to the workload. For analytic observational study was carried out on the workload, musculoskeletals disorder, and subjective fatigue at Sanglah Hospital radiographers, involving 10 samples for 6 days. Method: Measurements were performed before and after work. Workload conditions obtained by measuring the heart rate, muskuloskeltaldisorders taken from nordic body map questionnaire, subjective fatigue through the 30 item questionnaire. Results and discussion: there are increase of 29.18% (P=0,00) workload, musculoskeletal disorders 33.9%(P=0,00), subjective fatigue at 16,5%(P=0,00). Then needed the intervention of ergonomics to improve working conditions in the radiology department.

1. INCREASE OF WORKLOAD AMONG
RADIOGRAPHERS AT SANGLAH GENERAL
HOSPITAL DENPASAR
I Putu Adi Susanta, I Wayan Gede Suarjana, Luh Made
Indah Sri Handari Adiputra, I Made Muliarta, I Made
Krisna Dinata

2. INTRODUCTION
• Health Sector : Doctor, Nurse, Pharmacy, Other
Medicals Profesionals (Radiographers, Analysis, etc)
• Radiographers : Making and Presenting Medical
Image For Diagnose and Therapy Using Ionising
Radiation and Non Ionising Radiation
• X-Ray, RF, US, Gamma, other EMR
• Occupational Hazzard in Radiology: Radiation Effect,
Biologycal, Ergonomic , Enviromental

3. RADIOGRAPHERS WHEN WORKING

4. Ergonomic in Radiology
• Radiographers : Standing, Bending, Lifting,
mostly not in natural position
• Affecting Muskuloskeletals disorders
• Pressure in the disccus intervertebratalis
causing LBP, long-term generate the body
becomes bent (Pheasant, 1991; Kroemer and Grandjean, 2000)

5. Sanglah Hospital
• Public Hospital Owned By Government
• 4 Radiology unit : Central, International Wing, ER,
Cardiac
• Radiology ER unit : Quick Response, Fast, Dealing
with Life, Dynamic, 3 Shifts Working Sched
• Observasional Measuring Workload
• The results : reference for intervention to
improve working attitude, work stations, and
tools Radiographers improving productivity of the
radiographer

6. METHOD
• 10 Sampels, experiments protocols, and measurments
• Workload by Work pulses, 10 beats
• General fatigue using 30 Items Self-Rating Questionaire
Industrial Fatigue Research Committee from Japan
Association of Industrial Health
• Musculoskeletal disorders using NIOSH Nordic Body Map
Subjective Filling
• Enviroment temperature and humidity : using sling
Psychrometer
• The noise was measured using Sound Level Meter
• Data of measurement results were descriptively analyzed.
• Data normality was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test
• Statistical analysis: mean difference of the data before and
after work was analyzed using t-Paired with significance level
of 5%.

7. RESULT and DISCUSSION
Subject characteristic
physical condition of the subject in a state of productive with
considerable work experience
Work experience : factors that influence the level of skills of
workers, any disorders that occur in the musculoskeletal
system as well as the productivity of manpower (Subrata,
2003). Irwan and Suparmoko (2002) in Yusuf (2014) says the
productive age is 15 to 64 years

8. Enviroment Conditions
still in the comfort zone to work (Manuaba,1998) ,
Temp 33, Humidity 70-80%, Sound Intensity of 8
hours working time is 85dB. Light intensity of
precision 300 – 700 Lux

9. Radiographers Workload
workload radiographers were classified workloads
with average pulse rate of 100 beats per minute
which is between beats 100 to 120 beats/minutes

10. • Musculoskeletal
skeletal muscle discomfort that occur :
• shoulder and waist (100% of the workers),
• pain in the neck, upper arm left and right, and back pain (75%
of workers).
• While the subjective complaints are tired of the whole body,
pain in the back and felt thirsty (100% of the workers)
• feel heavy in the head, the legs feel heavy, stiff, or awkward in
movement, and stiffness in the shoulder (75% of workers).

11. If not given with a good solution, and workers continue to
receive discomfort, it will be bad in terms of the health
of workers.
disorder of the musculoskeletal system that is on the
back, neck, shoulders and thighs caused by wrong work
attitude like that of working sitting or standing
(Cavalitsakulchai and Shahnavas (1991) in Yusuf (2014)
that the position of a wrong practice in working especially
in the use of pumping equipment will cause
musculoskeletal disorders (Ruccer & Summerl (2002)
This situation can be overcome by making changes in
physiological working postures not be natural.
subjective complaints such as skeletal muscle disorders
and fatigue can be reduced significantly (p <0.05) with
improvement at the work station and more ergonomic
working attitude (Sutajaya and Citrawathi (2000) )

12. Increased workload can also be caused by
environmental influences such as heat from the
work environment, noise may also influence X-ray
radiation that excess and so on.
interventions can be directed at it - matters relating to
the implementation of labor tasks such as
equipment repair work, repair work attitude,
setting a time of rest, and else.

13. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
• Increasing of workload by 29.18% among radiographers.
• Increasing of musculoskeletal discomfort by 33.9% among
radiographers.
• Increasing subjective fatigue by 16,5% among radiographers.
Suggestions
giving ergonomics intervention on a working tool that
radiographers working postures so that not a lot of bowing
and doing activities that are less natural postures

14. THANK YOU